Xa sisiva igama elithi "ithumba" entlokweni yethu, wonke umntu uyoyika ngoko nangoko, akunjalo? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyiqonde kukuba ayizizo zonke iithumba ezikhula entlokweni ezibangela umhlaza. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngethumba elikhula kwidlala elincinci phantsi kwengqondo yethu, kodwa elihlala lingenalo umhlaza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-pituitary adenoma kwisayensi yezonyango. Ngoko ke masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.
Okokuqala, masibone, yintoni i-Pituitary Adenoma?
Ngamafutshane, i-pituitary adenoma sisimila esikhula kwi-pituitary gland yakho. Kodwa sisimila esingenobungozi . Oko kuthetha ukuba asisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba njengomhlaza. Kodwa njengoko ezi simila zikhula, zinokucinezela izicubu ezingqongileyo kunye nemithambo-luvo. Kulapho ke iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ziqala ukubonakala khona.
Ngoko ke, yintoni le gland ye-pituitary?
I-pituitary gland yi-gland encinci, efana nethambo efumaneka ngaphantsi kwengqondo, emva kwempumlo. Iqhagamshelwe kwi -hypothalamus ebuchosheni. Le gland incinci inamacandelo amabini, i-anterior lobe kunye ne-posterior lobe. Zombini ezi nxalenye zivelisa iihomoni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu.
Iihormone zifana nabathunywa emizimbeni yethu. Zihamba ngegazi kwaye ziyala amalungu ethu, izihlunu, kunye nezinye izicubu ukuba zenze imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
Nazi ezinye zeehomoni eziphambili eziveliswa yi-pituitary gland:
- Ihomoni ye-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
- Ihomoni yokulwa nomchamo (ADH)
- I-hormone evuselela i-follicle (FSH)
- Ihomoni yokukhula (GH)
- I-hormone ye-Luteinizing (LH)
- I-Oxytocin
- Iprolactin
- I-hormone evuselela i-thyroid (TSH)
Kwakhona, i-pituitary gland inika imiqondiso kwezinye ii-endocrine glands emzimbeni wethu ukuba zivelise ii-hormone. Kufana neofisi enkulu. Ngoko ke xa kuvela ithumba kule gland, umsebenzi wenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi hormone unokutshintsha ngokuqinisekileyo.
I-adenomas ye-pituitary ihlelwa njani?
Oogqirha bahlula la mathumba abe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: ngokusekelwe ekubeni avelisa iihomoni ezingaphezulu okanye hayi, kwaye ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bawo.
| Uhlu olusekelwe kwimveliso yehomoni | |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwethumba | Ingcaciso elula |
| I-adenomas esebenzayo (ekhuphayo) (iithumba ezikhupha iihormone) | Ezi ntlobo zeethumba zivelisa iihomoni zepituitary ezingaphezulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwihomoni egqithisileyo eveliswayo, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zinokwenzeka. |
| I-adenomas engasebenziyo (engakhuphiyo) (Iithumba ezingezizo iihomoni) | Ezi thumba azivelisi iihomoni. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko zikhula, zinokubangela iimpawu ngokucinezela imithambo-luvo kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba. |
| Hlela ngokobukhulu | |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwethumba | Ingcaciso elula |
| IiMicroadenomas (I-Microadenoma) | La ngamandongomane amancinci kuneemilimitha ezili-10, okanye isentimitha e-1. |
| IiMacroadenomas (I-adenoma enkulu) | Ezi ziithumba ezinkulu kuneemilimitha ezili-10. Ziqheleke ngokuphindwe kabini kunee-microadenomas. Ezi thumba zikhulu zingonakalisa i-pituitary gland, zibangele ukuba amanqanaba eehomoni ehle ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -hypopituitarism . |
Ingaba oku kuthathwa njengomhlaza wobuchopho?
Ewe. I-pituitary gland ayiyonxalenye yobuchopho, kodwa yi-endocrine gland enamathele ebuchotsheni. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bacinga ukuba i-pituitary adenoma yi-brain tumor. Olu hlobo lwe-tumor lubangela kuphela i-10% yee-tumor ezikhula ngaphakathi kwi-skull.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba nangona oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"brain tumor", asikomhlaza.
Zithini iimpawu ze-pituitary adenoma?
Iimpawu zezi thumba zingahluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
- Nokuba ithumba liyakhula kwaye lonakalisa izicwili ezingqongileyo okanye i-pituitary gland ngokwayo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-mass effect).
- Ingaba sisimila esisebenzayo esikhupha iihomoni, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, yeyiphi ihomoni ekhutshwa ngokugqithisileyo?
Iimpawu zoxinzelelo olubangelwa kukukhula kwethumba (iMass Effect)
Ezi mpawu zixhaphake kakhulu kwi- macroadenomas (iithumba ezinkulu).
- Iingxaki zokubona: Olu luphawu oluphambili. Ama-40%-60% ezigulana aphelelwa kukubona (ukubona okufipheleyo, ukubona kabini). Oku kungenxa yokuba njengoko ithumba likhula, licinezela i-optic chiasm, apho imithambo-luvo yamehlo ethu idibana khona. Oku kubangela ukulahlekelwa kukubona okungaphandle, ingakumbi emehlweni .
- Intloko ebuhlungu: Intloko ebuhlungu inokwenzeka njengoko ithumba licinezela izicwili ezingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iintloko ezibuhlungu zixhaphakile, zinokubakho nangezinye izizathu.
- I-Hypopituitarism: Ithumba elikhulu lingonakalisa iiseli ze-pituitary gland, linciphise ukuveliswa kwehomoni enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Iimpawu zokungabikho kwehomoni nganye ziyahluka.
- Ukungabikho kwe-hormone ye-LH kunye ne-FSH: Oku kubangela amanqanaba aphantsi e-estrogen kubasetyhini kunye namanqanaba aphantsi e-testosterone kumadoda. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -hypogonadism . Iimpawu ziquka imijikelo yokuya exesheni engahambelaniyo, ukuncipha kwe-libido, ukudinwa, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo kumadoda.
- Ukunqongophala kwehomoni ye-TSH: Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwehomoni ye-thyroid. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -hypothyroidism . Oku kunokubangela ukudinwa, ukuqhina, ulusu olomileyo, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okucothayo.
- Ukunqongophala kwehomoni ye-ACTH: Oku kuphumela ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwehomoni ye-cortisol. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal . Iimpawu ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya zinokubakho.
- Ukungabikho kwehomoni ye-GH: Iimpawu zokungabikho kwehomoni yokukhula ziyahluka ngokweminyaka. Abantu abadala banokuba nokudinwa kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha.
Iimpawu ezibangelwa ziithumba ezivelisa iihomoni ezingaphezulu (ii-Adenomas ezisebenzayo)
Ezi ntlobo zeethumba zivelisa i-hormone enye okanye ezingaphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo.
| Uhlobo lwethumba | Imeko kunye neempawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Iiprolactinomas (Ivelisa iprolactin eninzi kakhulu) | Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwethumba le-pituitary. Amanqanaba aphezulu ehomoni i-prolactin (i-hyperprolactinemia) anokubangela ukungazali kumadoda nakubafazi. Ukongeza, abafazi abangakhulelwanga banokufumana ukukhupha okufana nobisi emabeleni abo (i-galactorrhea). |
| I-Somatotroph adenomas (Ivelisa i-hormone yokukhula engaphezulu) | Kwabantu abadala, oku kubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -acromegaly . Oku kubangela ukuba izandla, iinyawo, ubuso kunye nentloko zibe nkulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ukuba le meko iyenzeka ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci, baba bade ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -gigantism . |
| I-Corticotroph adenomas (ivelisa i-ACTH engaphezulu) | I-ACTH eninzi kakhulu ibangela ukwanda kwe-cortisol hormone, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -Cushing's syndrome . Iimpawu ziquka uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukukrweleka okulula, amanqaku okunwebeka, kunye nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. |
| I-Thyrotroph adenomas (Ivelisa i-TSH engaphezulu) | Ezi zinqabile kakhulu. I-TSH eninzi kakhulu ibangela ukwanda kweehomoni ze-thyroid, nto leyo ebangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hyperthyroidism . Iimpawu ziquka ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo, ukwehla kobunzima, ukubila, ukungcangcazela izandla, kunye nokungaphumli. |
Kutheni i-pituitary adenomas ikhula?
Izazinzulu azikayazi imbangela echanekileyo, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba idla ngokubangelwa lutshintsho olungacwangciswanga (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kwi-DNA yethu . Olu tshintsho lubangela ukuba iiseli kwi-pituitary gland zikhule ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zenze ithumba.
Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zinokunxulunyaniswa neemeko zemfuza ezidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, kodwa uninzi lwexesha zenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga.
Ungayixilonga njani le meko?
Ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo zokuxilonga oku ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, la mathumba anokufunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwentloko ngesinye isizathu.
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela le meko, unokuyalela ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuyalelwa ukujonga amanqanaba ahlukeneyo eehomoni.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) okanye i-CT (Computed Tomography) scan yentloko inokuqinisekisa ukuba ikhona le tumor.
- Uvavanyo lwamehlo: Ukuba unengxaki yokubona, kuya kwenziwa uvavanyo lwentsimi yokubona ukujonga ukusebenza kwamehlo akho.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ngokwesiqhelo kukho iindlela ezintathu zonyango zoku: utyando, amayeza, kunye nonyango lwemitha. Iqela lakho lezonyango liya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena ngokusekelwe kuhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye neempawu zethumba lakho.
1. Utyando: Ukuba ithumba libangela ukungalingani kwamahomoni okanye iingxaki zokubona, ugqirha unokucebisa utyando lokususa yonke okanye inxalenye yethumba.
- Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo (95%) esetyenziswayo koku lutyando lwe-transsphenoidal , apho kufakwa ikhamera encinci kunye nezixhobo ngempumlo ukuze kususwe ithumba.
- Ukuba ithumba likhulu kakhulu, kusenokufuneka ukuba ubhenele kutyando lwe-transcranial, olwenziwa nge-skull.
2. Amayeza: Ezinye iintlobo zeethumba, ingakumbi iiProlactinomas , zinokunyangwa ngamayeza. La mayeza ayanciphisa ithumba kwaye alawule iimpawu. Ngokwesiqhelo, amayeza anjenge -cabergoline okanye i-bromocriptine ayanikwa ngenxa yoku. Ama-80% ezigulana afumana iziphumo ezilungileyo ngala mayeza.
3. Unyango ngemitha: Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukunciphisa ithumba okanye ukumisa ukukhula kwalo. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi -stereotactic radiosurgery . Oku kubandakanya ukujolisa ithumba ngemitha yemitha ngelixa kunciphisa umonakalo kwizicubu eziphilileyo ezingqongileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango?
Ithemba loku lihle kakhulu. Emva kokuba ithumba lisusiwe ngokupheleleyo ngonyango, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobusempilweni.
Ngamanye amaxesha, utyando okanye unyango lwemitha lunokonakalisa i-pituitary gland, nto leyo ebangela amanqanaba aphantsi eehomoni (hypopituitarism). Kwimeko enjalo, unokufuna ukuthatha iipilisi zokutshintsha iihomoni ubomi bakho bonke ukuze utshintshe amanqanaba aphantsi eehomoni.
Ezi thumba zingaphinda zibuye ngamanye amaxesha, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kuhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo nasemva konyango.
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?
Ukuba ayinyangwa, ingakumbi iithumba ezinkulu (ii-macropadenomas) kunye neethumba ezivelisa iihomoni (ii-adenomas ezisebenzayo) zinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu zempilo.
Ingxaki engaqhelekanga kodwa eyingozi kakhulu yi- pituitary apoplexy . Le yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ithumba liphuma okanye lingene ngaphakathi okanye lingene ngaphakathi kwethumba. Ithumba likhula ngequbuliso lize lonakalise i-pituitary gland. Iimpawu zoku zivela ngequbuliso.
- Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, ebuhlungu ngequbuliso.
- Ukubona kabini okanye ukungakwazi ukuvula iinkophe ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha yamehlo.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumbono osecaleni.
- Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi, isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza.
Ukuba ufumana enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kuya kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi.
Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa ufunyaniswa ukuba une-pituitary adenoma. Kodwa khumbula, ezi azisoloko zingumhlaza. Kwaye, ngonyango oluphambili lwanamhlanje, zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho kwaye ubuze yonke imibuzo yakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-pituitary adenoma idla ngokuba sisimila esingenobungozi, ngoko ke ungoyiki ngokungeyomfuneko.
- Iimpawu zibangelwa ikakhulu kukukhula kwethumba, uxinzelelo kwimithambo-luvo ejikelezileyo, okanye utshintsho kumanqanaba eehomoni.
- Musa ukuyityeshela ingxaki yokubona (ingakumbi ukubona okuphantsi) kunye nentloko ebuhlungu engapheliyo. Bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu koku, olufana notyando, amayeza, kunye nonyango lwemitha.
- Ukuba ufunyenwe unale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho kwaye uye rhoqo kuhlolo.
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