Masifunde ngakumbi nge-pneumonia. Ayisiyongqele nje kuphela!

Ngaba unesifo somkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okuya kusiba mandundu imihla ngemihla, kunye nemvakalelo engaqhelekanga yokuxinana esifubeni sakho? Mhlawumbi asikomkhuhlane nje kuphela, isenokuba yi-pneumonia. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni i-pneumonia, indlela yokuyiphepha, kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba uyifumene namhlanje.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-pneumonia?

Ngamafutshane, i-pneumonia lusulelo lwemiphunga yakho. Inokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, okanye ngamanye amaxesha i-fungi. Olu sulelo lubangela ukuba izicubu zemiphunga yakho zidumbe zize zizaliswe lulwelo okanye ubomvu obumanzi. Cinga ngayo njengesiponji esifunxa amanzi. Oku kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumla.

I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokuba nzima kakhulu kune-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane. I-pneumonia ebangelwa yintsholongwane idla ngokuziphelela. Le meko inokuchaphazela umphunga omnye okanye yomibini imiphunga. Xa ichaphazela yomibini imiphunga, ibizwa ngokuba yi-``bilateral pneumonia`` okanye ``double pneumonia``.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia ye-viral kunye ne-bacterial?

Nangona zombini zizifo zemiphunga, kukho umahluko omncinci kwiimpawu ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubaluleke kakhulu kunyango.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-pneumonia kuxhomekeke kwindlela ekhula ngayo.

Oogqirha bahlula i-pneumonia kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo eziphambili, kuxhomekeke kwindlela oyifumene ngayo kunye nentsholongwane ebangelwe yiyo.

I-pneumonia efunyenwe kuluntu (i-CAP)

Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Ukuba uyifumana le sifo kuluntu, endaweni yokuba uye esibhedlele, ngelixa uphila ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, sibizwa ngokuba yi-'CAP'. Izizathu eziphambili zezi:

• Iintsholongwane: Eyona nto ibangela oku yintsholongwane ethi `Streptococcus pneumoniae`. Oku kunokubangela usulelo lwendlebe kunye neengxaki ze-sinus. I-pneumonia ebangelwa yi-`Mycoplasma pneumoniae` ayinazo iimpawu ezininzi.
• Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, umkhuhlane, i-COVID-19, kunye ne-RSV nazo zinokubangela i-pneumonia.
• Ifungi: Oku akuvamile kangako, kodwa abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banokuba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yefungi.

I-pneumonia efunyenwe esibhedlele (HAP)

Ukuba ufumana i-pneumonia ngelixa usesibhedlele ngenxa yesinye isifo okanye utyando, ibizwa ngokuba yi-'HAP.' Oku kuyingozi kancinci kuba iintsholongwane ezibhedlele ziyamelana nezinye ii-antibiotics. Umzekelo yi-bacteria 'MRSA.' Ngoko ke olu hlobo kunzima ukulunyanga.

I-pneumonia yokuphefumla

Olu luhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba into oyityayo, oyiselayo, oyitshicayo, okanye oyihlanzayo ingena emiphungeni yakho ngendlela yakho yokuphefumla, inokosulelwa kwaye ibangele le meko. Kufana nokutya "okungahambi kakuhle." Ngokwesiqhelo, singayikhwehlela size siyisuse. Kodwa kwabo bangakwaziyo ukwenza oko, ingakumbi abantu abadala okanye abo baneengxaki zemithambo-luvo, umngcipheko uphezulu.

Uyazi njani ukuba oku ngumkhuhlane nje, umkhuhlane, okanye inyumoniya?

Enyanisweni, iimpawu zazo zonke ezi zifo zintathu ziyafana, ngoko ke kulula ukuzibhida ngamanye amaxesha. Nangona kunjalo, i-pneumonia yimeko enzima enokuba yingozi ebomini, ngoko ke ukuba uneempawu ezingezantsi , ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pneumonia?

Nangona nabani na enokufumana i-pneumonia, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.

• Iintsana ezingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala kunye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Abantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, okanye isifo sentliziyo.
• Abantu abanezifo zemithambo-luvo ezifana nestroke kunye nesifo sikaParkinson ezenza kube nzima ukuginya.
• Abantu abasezibhedlele okanye kumakhaya abantu abadala.
• Abantu abatshayayo.
• Oomama abakhulelweyo.
• Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abo bafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy ngenxa yomhlaza, abo bane-HIV/AIDS, abo baye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba).

Zithini iimpawu ze-pneumonia?

Iimpawu zingahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye, kwaye iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu.

Iimpawu ze-bacterial pneumonia

Ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci.

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (mhlawumbi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40.5 Celsius).
• Ukukhohlela kuvela umhluzi otyheli, oluhlaza, okanye onombala wegazi.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu.
• Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla kunye nokuphefumla kancinci.
• Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ndiziva ndibanda kwaye ndibila.
• Intlungu esifubeni nasesiswini xa ukhohlela okanye uphefumla nzulu.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis).
• I-Dementia okanye ukudideka (ingakumbi kubantu abadala).

Iimpawu ze-viral pneumonia

Ezi zikhula kancinci kancinci kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.

• Ukukhohlela okomileyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Intlungu yemisipha.
• Ukudinwa okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu.

Iimpawu ezibonakala kubantwana abancinci nakwiintsana

Amaxesha amaninzi, iintsana ezincinci azibonisi zimpawu ezifanayo nezabantu abadala. Njengomzali, kufuneka ukhathazeke kakhulu ngale nto.

• Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, ukubila.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (i-tachypnea).
• Ukwala ukutya nokusela.
• Ukuhlanza.
• Ayinabomi, ihlala ilala.
• Ukukhala rhoqo nokungazoli.
• Ukuchama okunciphileyo (ukumanzisa kancinci kwe-diaper).
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo.
• Ubunzima bokuncanca ubisi.

Iimpawu ezibonakala kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala

Abantu abadala basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ziqhelekileyo ezifana nokukhwehlela kunye nomkhuhlane. Endaweni yoko, banokufumana izinto ezinje.

• Isifo sengqondo esingapheliyo ngequbuliso.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.

Ngaba i-pneumonia iyosulela?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Enyanisweni, isifo ngokwaso esibizwa ngokuba yi-pneumonia asisuleli ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona kunjalo, iintsholongwane (iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya) ezibangela i-pneumonia ziyasulela.

Umzekelo, umntu onomkhuhlane unokusasaza umkhuhlane komnye umntu. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana umkhuhlane oza kuba ne-pneumonia. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, umkhuhlane unokuba yingozi kakhulu uze ube yi-pneumonia. Oko kuthetha ukuba yintsholongwane esasazekayo, hayi i-pneumonia ngokwayo.

Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani i-pneumonia?

Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, amamele imiphunga yakho nge-stethoscope, aze emva koko, ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze uvavanyo olufana nolu.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-pneumonia?

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentsholongwane ebangele i-pneumonia yakho kunye nobunzima besifo.

• Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane:Ezi zinikwa kuphela i-pneumonia yebhaktiriya. Azisebenzi kwiintsholongwane.
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Amayeza afana ne-oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) ngamanye amaxesha anikwa i-viral pneumonia. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweemeko ze-viral pneumonia ziyaphela ngokwazo.
• Amayeza okulwa nefungus: La mayeza anikwa ukuba usulelo lubangelwa yifungus.
• Unyango lweoksijini: Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, ioksijini inikwa ngetyhubhu yempumlo okanye imaski yomlomo.
• Ulwelo lwe-IV (ityuwa): Ityuwa ifakwa emthanjeni ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Ungazilawula njani iimpawu ekhaya?

Ukongeza kumayeza anikwa ngugqirha wakho, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ekhaya.

• Sela amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu anjenge-'Paracetamol' okanye i-'Ibuprofen' xa kukho umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Ungaze unike abantwana abancinci i-aspirin ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
• Buza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe amayeza okukhwehlela, njengoko ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yendalo yokususa i-mucus emiphungeni.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Ukuphumla umzimba wakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza.
• Sela iziselo ezininzi ezifana namanzi, ijusi yeziqhamo, kunye neparridge.
• Ukusebenzisa isixhobo sokunyusa umswakama, esongeza umswakama emoyeni egumbini lakho, kunokwenza ukuphefumla kube lula.

Ungayithintela njani i-pneumonia?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-pneumonia kukugonyelwa iintsholongwane ezibangela loo pneumonia.

• Amayeza okugonya: Kukho amayeza okugonya alwa nebhaktheriya ethi `pneumococcal` ebangela inyumoniya (`Pneumovax23®`, `Prevnar13®`). Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neyeza elifanelekileyo kuwe okanye kusapho lwakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ijekiseni ethi `flu` kunye nejekiseni ethi `COVID-19` minyaka le. Nika abantwana bakho abancinci amayeza okugonya abawadingayo ngexesha.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya konakalisa imiphunga yakho kwaye kukwenza ube sesichengeni sosulelo.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha.
• Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Umntu otya kakuhle, oqeqesha umzimba, aze alale ngokwaneleyo unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela enamandla.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha ndize ndiye kwi-ETU?

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Umkhuhlane okanye ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu.
• Ukutya akunancasa.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unezinye zeempawu ezinzulu ezilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

• Ukuba kunzima ukuphefumla nokuba umi nje ungashukumi.
• Ukuba intlungu yesifuba intsha okanye iyanda.
• Ukuba ingqondo yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye awukwazi ukucinga kakuhle.