Kwabaninzi kwilizwe lethu, igama elithi "polio" lisenokuvakala njengesifo esingaqhelekanga. Isizathu soku kukuba, ngenxa yeenkqubo zokugonya eziphumeleleyo kwilizwe lethu, esi sifo siye salawulwa kangangokuba asisaziwa. Nangona kunjalo, esi asisosifo ekufuneka silibale ngaso ngokupheleleyo. I-polio sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esinganyangekiyo, nesinokubulala esinokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni okungapheliyo. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ngokupheleleyo oku.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ipoliyo?
I-polio, okanye ngokwezonyango "i-poliomyelitis", sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Poliovirus." Le ntsholongwane ihlasela kakhulu umphimbo kunye namathumbu ethu.
Uninzi lwexesha, esi sifo asibangeli zimpawu, okanye iimpawu ezibuthathaka njengmkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko embi kakhulu, intsholongwane inokusasazeka engqondweni yethu nakwi-spinal cord (i-nerve cord engaphakathi komqolo). Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, izihlunu ezisinceda siphefumle, sithethe, siginye, kwaye sishukumise amalungu ethu zinokukhubazeka kwaye zide zife .
Nangona ipoliyo ingekapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini, ukugonywa kuye kwanceda ekuyipheliseni kumazwe amaninzi. Ngenxa yamandla okugonywa sikwazile ukulawula esi sifo sibi esabulala amawaka abantu kwiminyaka engama-70 eyadlulayo. Kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba ukuba ipoliyo ikhona naphi na emhlabeni, ukuba abantu bayayeka ukugonywa, kusenokwenzeka ukuba isasazeke kwakhona.
Zithini iimpawu zepoliyo?
Ipoliyo inokwahluka ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kwembi kakhulu. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lwabantu abosulelwe yipoliyo abanazo iimpawu. Abanye abantu bagula ngumkhuhlane baze baphile ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu kwinkqubo yabo yemithambo-luvo.
Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda, makhe sijonge ezi mpawu ngale ndlela.
| Udidi lweempawu | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomkhuhlane | Umkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, umphimbo obuhlungu, intloko ebuhlungu. |
| Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, urhudo, ukuqhina, iintlungu zesisu. |
| Iimpawu zokudumba kwengqondo nomqolo | Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, ukuva ukukhanya okanye ukuchukumisa, ukuqina kwentamo. |
| Imiphumo emibi kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo | Intlungu okanye ukuba ndindisholo kwiingalo nasemilenzeni (i-paresthesia) , ukuxhuzula kwemisipha, ubuthathaka bemisipha, okanye ukukhubazeka (le meko inokuchaphazela intshukumo, ukuphefumla, ukuginya, okanye ukuthetha). |
Idluliselwa njani ipoliyo?
Intsholongwane yepoliyo isasazeka lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Isasazeka kakhulu ngokudibana nelindle lomntu osulelekileyo. Ingasasazeka nangokuphuma kwamathontsi okuphefumla xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
Ngamafutshane, ungafumana ipoliyo ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Ukungahlambi izandla kakuhle emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese okanye emva kokuthinta ilindle.
- Ukusela okanye ukuginya amanzi angcolileyo.
- Ukuqubha emanzini angcolileyo (kuquka namachibi okuqubha) apho kukho intsholongwane.
- Ukutya ukutya okuhlanjwe ngamanzi amdaka okanye okuchukunyiswe ngezandla ezingcolileyo.
- Ukuchukumisa indawo (umz. izibambo zomnyango, izinto zokudlala) enentsholongwane kuyo uze uchukumise umlomo okanye impumlo yakho ngaloo sandla sinye.
- Ukusondela kufutshane nomntu osuleleke yipoliyo, nokuba akabonisi zimpawu.
Ngoko ke, ucoceko, ingakumbi ukuhlamba izandla ngokucokisekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela izifo ezifana nepoliyo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona nabani na enokufumana ipoliyo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Abantwana abancinci abangagonywanga ngokupheleleyo ngabona basengozini enkulu.
- Abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala abangazange bagonywe besengabantwana nabo banokuba nesi sifo.
- Ukuba uhlala okanye uya kumazwe apho ipoliyo isaxhaphake khona, nawe usemngciphekweni.
Iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yepoliyo
Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha kwipoliyo ngaphandle kweengxaki zexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, intsholongwane inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu. Ezi ziphumo zinokuvela emva kweminyaka.
- Ukukhubazeka:Ukukhubazeka kweengalo, imilenze, okanye izihlunu zokuphefumla.
- Ukudumba kwengqondo (i-Encephalitis) okanye ukudumba kwee-membrane ezijikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo (i-Meningitis).
- I-Post-polio syndrome: Ubuthathaka obutsha bemisipha, iintlungu, kunye nokudinwa okwenzeka emva kweminyaka emininzi isifo siphelile.
- Ukufa: Ukufa kuyenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezihlunu ezinceda ekuphefumleni.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani ipoliyo?
Ugqirha unokuxilonga ipoliyo ngokuhlola iimpawu zakho nokuvavanya ulwelo lomzimba wakho. Qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba ubukhe wahamba kutshanje.
Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zingenziwa ukujonga ubukho bentsholongwane yepoliyo:
- Isampuli yeswab yomphimbo
- Isampuli yesihlalo
- Uvavanyo lwegazi
- Ukuhlolwa kolwelo oluthathwe kwi-spinal cord (Lumbar puncture)
Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zepoliyo zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya nezinye izifo.
Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga ipoliyo?
Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo sonke ekufuneka siyazi. Akukho nyango okanye unyango oluthile lwepoliyo okwangoku. Akukho nyango lunokunyanga esi sifo ngokukhawuleza.
Into ekuphela kwayo enokwenziwa kukubonelela ngonyango oluxhasayo oluphelisa iimpawu.
- Unyango lomzimba lunokunceda kwiimisipha ezibuthathaka okanye ezingasebenzi kakuhle.
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, kunokufuneka uqhagamshelwe kumatshini okuncedayo ukuphefumla (i-ventilator).
Ekubeni esi sifo singenakunyangwa, mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukubaluleka kokuthintela esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sikhule.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ukhe wadibana ngokusondeleyo nesigulana esinepoliyo kwaye ngoku uzive ungaphilanga, okanye ukuba unemibuzo malunga nogonyo lwepoliyo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ngokukodwa, ukuba ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha ngequbuliso , yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze ufumane isiqabu ekhaya?
Ukongeza kwingcebiso kagqirha wakho, ungafumana isiqabu ekhaya ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Sela iziselo ezininzi ezifana namanzi kunye nesobho.
- Faka izinto ezifudumeleyo zokunciphisa iintlungu zemisipha.
- Sela amayeza okudambisa iintlungu (kodwa ungamniki umntwana amayeza okudambisa iintlungu ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha ).
- Landela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho malunga nonyango lomzimba kunye nokuzilolonga.
- Phumla kakuhle.
Isisombululo esingcono: ukuthintela!
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo, esebenzayo, nekuphela kwayo yokunciphisa umngcipheko we-polio kukufumana i-polio vaccine . Olu vaccine ludla ngokunikezelwa ebuntwaneni. Kuyimfuneko ukuba umntwana wakho afumane olu vaccine ngexesha ngokweshedyuli yesizwe yokugonya yelizwe lethu.
Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba wagonywa okanye akunjalo usengumntwana, ungathetha nogqirha wakho ngaloo nto uze ufumane ingcebiso.
Ukongeza, unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuthi:
- Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo, ingakumbi emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese nokutshintsha inabukeni yomntwana wakho.
- Ukuba amanzi acocekileyo akafumaneki, sela amanzi asebhotileni uze uwasebenzisele ukupheka.
Ipoliyo isenokuba sisifo esingaqhelekanga namhlanje, kodwa asikapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini. Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela wena nabantwana bakho. Ngoko ke, ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba wena kunye nabo bonke abantu kusapho lwakho niyaziqhelanisa na neegonyo zakho, thetha nogqirha wakho namhlanje.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-polio sisifo esiyingozi, esinganyangekiyo, nesihlala singasebenzi kakuhle.
- Oku kubangelwa kakhulu bubumdaka, ingakumbi ilindle, elisasazeka lula.
- Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lwepoliyo, kuphela unyango oluxhasayo olunikezelwayo ukunciphisa iimpawu.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nenamandla yokuzikhusela kwesi sifo kukufumana isitofu sokugonyela ipoliyo.
- Qinisekisa ukuba imigonyo yomntwana wakho ihlaziyiwe ngokweshedyuli yesizwe yokugonya. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, buza ugqirha wakho.
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