Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-'smallpox' kootatomkhulu noomakhulu bakho. Ngelo xesha, yayithathwa njengesifo esiyingozi kakhulu nesibulalayo. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba esi sifo ngoku sisusiwe ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi liphela. Kodwa namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento eyiyo le smallpox, eye yabulala izigidi zabantu kuyo yonke imbali,, indlela esasazeke ngayo, kwaye zithini iimpawu zayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-smallpox?
Ngamafutshane, i-smallpox yayisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane engasafumanekiyo ngokwendalo emhlabeni. Sasasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Umntu one-smallpox wayedla ngokuba neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa ngamadyungudyungu asasazeka emzimbeni wonke.
Yayisisifo esibulalayo. Malunga nama-30% abo banesifo seengcongconi bafa . Sabulala abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-300 nama-500 kwihlabathi liphela ngeminyaka yoo-1900 kuphela, ngaphambi kokuba esi sifo sipheliswe ngo-1980. I-World Health Organization (WHO) yathi ingcongconi “yenye yezona zifo zibulalayo ezakha zaziwa luluntu.”
Izazi-mbali zikholelwa ukuba i-smallpox sisifo esineminyaka engaphezu kwama-3,000 ubudala. Oku kungenxa yokuba izilonda ezifana ne-smallpox zifunyenwe kwizilwanyana ezifuywayo zaseYiputa. Ngokukhula kwempucuko, esi sifo sasasazeka kwihlabathi liphela ngeendlela zorhwebo.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abantu baqonda ukuba xa umntu enesifo seengcongconi aze aphile, akakwazi ukuphinda asifumane. Kamva, ugqirha waseNgilani ogama linguEdward Jenner wafumanisa ukuba abantu banokukhuseleka kwingcongconi ngokufaka intsholongwane yengcongconi engabulaliyo (iCowpox) echaphazela iinkomo.
Ngo-1967, i-World Health Organization (WHO) yaqalisa isicwangciso esikhulu sokuphelisa i-smallpox kwihlabathi liphela ngenkqubo yokugonya ebanzi. Ngenxa yoko, akukho matyala e-smallpox axeliweyo emva ko-1977 . Ngo-1980, yabhengezwa ngokusesikweni ukuba isusiwe ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inani elincinci kakhulu lale ntsholongwane ligcinwa phantsi kweemeko zokhuseleko eziphezulu kakhulu eMelika naseRashiya ngeenjongo zophando kuphela.
Ungaziqonda njani iimpawu ze-smallpox?
Igama elithi i-smallpox livela kwimpawu ephambili yesi sifo, ezizii-blisters ezincinci ezibonakala ebusweni, ezandleni nasemzimbeni kwaye kamva zizaliswe bubomvu .
Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- Ukuziva ungenabomi kwaye unomkhuhlane
- Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
- Intlungu yomzimba
- Intlungu yomqolo enganyamezelekiyo
- Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlanza
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Kwenzeka ngaphakathi emlonyeniIzilonda kunye namadyungudyungu. Intsholongwane ingena emqaleni ngezi zinto.
- Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba okuya kusiba mandundu kancinci kancinci
- Amaqhubu kufutshane namehlo, ngamanye amaxesha abangela ubumfama
Ixesha lokufukama kwesi sifo
Ngokomyinge, kuthatha malunga neentsuku ezili-10-12 ukuba iimpawu zibonakale emva kokuba intsholongwane ingenile emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha eli xesha linokuba lifutshane njengeentsuku ezisi-7 okanye libe lide njengeentsuku ezili-17. Intsholongwane ayibonisi zimpawu kwiintsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kokungena emzimbeni.
Kuphela emva kokuba isigulana sinomkhuhlane apho esi sifo siqala ukusasazeka komnye umntu.
Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane ophezulu, ukungonwabi, ukuhlanza, kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Emva kweentsuku ezimbini, kuvela irhashalala ebomvu nethe tyaba eluswini. Oku kuqala emlonyeni nasemqaleni, emva koko kusasazeka ebusweni nasezandleni, kuze kudlulele emzimbeni wonke kwiiyure ezingama-24.
Injani indalo yama-blister?
Ama-blister e-smallpox agubungela umzimba wonke ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni. Nantsi indlela la ma-blister atshintsha ngayo kulo lonke ixesha lesi sifo:
- Okokuqala iqala njengamabala abomvu acacileyo ngaphakathi emlonyeni ize isasazeke emzimbeni wonke kwiiyure ezingama-24.
- La mabala ajika abe ngamaqhuqhuva aphakamileyo azaliswe lulwelo olucacileyo.
- Kungaphelanga usuku okanye ezimbini, la maqhuqhuva ajika abe ngamaqhuqhuva azele bubovu.
- Kwisithuba esingangeveki, la maqhuqhuva ayoma kwaye kuvela uqweqwe ngaphezulu.
- Ezi crusts ziza kuwa kwiiveki ezi-3-4 ezizayo, kodwa zinokubangela amanxeba angapheliyo .
Ingaba i-smallpox kunye ne-chickenpox ziyinto enye?
Abantu abaninzi bayayibhidanisa i-smallpox kunye ne-chickenpox. Nangona zombini zizifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane ezibangela amadyungudyungu eluswini, kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini.
Khumbula, i-chickenpox idla ngokuba sisifo esingenamandla, esinokunyangeka, kodwa i-smallpox sisifo esibi kakhulu nesibulalayo.
| Isizathu sotshintsho | Ingqakaqha | Iqhwiqhwi |
|---|---|---|
| Intsholongwane ebangela | Ibangelwa yintsholongwane yeVariola. | Ibangelwa yintsholongwane yeVaricella. |
| Ubunzima besifo | Inzima kakhulu. Malunga nama-30% abo bosulelekileyo bafa. | Idla ngokuba ncinci kakhulu. Izinga lokufa liphantsi kakhulu. |
| Iindawo apho kuvela khona amaqhuqhuva | Okokuqala iqala emlonyeni, emqaleni, ebusweni, nasezandleni ize isasazeke emzimbeni wonke. Izigulane ezininzi zikwanazo neempumlo ezintendeni nasezinyaweni zeenyawo zazo. | Idla ngokuqala esifubeni, esiswini, emqolo, nasebusweni. Amaqhuqhuva awafumaneki rhoqo ezintendeni nasezinyaweni. |
Yintoni ebangela esi sifo kwaye sisasazeka njani?
Ingqakaqha ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiVariola. Kwakukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale ntsholongwane. Uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu yayiyiVariola major, eyabulala malunga nama-30% abo bayifumeneyo. Olunye uhlobo, iVariola minor, yabangela isifo esingesibi kangako, esabulala malunga ne-1%.
I-smallpox isasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Esi sifo siqala ngomkhuhlane. Esi sifo sinokusasazeka ngokuphefumla amathontsi amathe xa umntu ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha. Sinokusasazeka nangokuchukumisa impahla yomntu osulelekileyo, izinto zokulala, okanye ulwelo lomzimba. Esi sifo asisasazwa zizilwanyana okanye zizinambuzane.
Ziziphi iindlela zokuxilonga kunye nonyango?
I-smallpox ayikabikwa amashumi eminyaka, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima nakugqirha ukuyifumanisa ngoko nangoko le sifo. Esi sifo siqinisekiswa ngokuvavanya isampuli yezicubu kwi-blister ye-smallpox. Nokuba ngomnye umntu onesifo esithathwa njengengxamiseko yezempilo kwihlabathi liphela.
Kukho amayeza amaninzi okulwa neentsholongwane avunyiweyo ukuba asetyenziswe xa kukho ubhubhane. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-tecovirimat (TPOXX) kunye ne-brincidofovir (Tembexa). La mayeza abonakalisiwe ukuba ayakuthintela ukukhula kwentsholongwane ye-smallpox. La mayeza agcinwa kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela ngexesha leengxamiseko.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba umntu uneempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokurhawuzelela okungaqhelekanga, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo ngoko nangoko .
Ugonyo lweSmallpox kunye namabali anxulumene nalo
Ngaba ukhe wazibona izibazi ezingqukuva emagxeni abazali bakho okanye ootatomkhulu noomakhulu?Olu luphawu logonyo lwe-smallpox. Olu nxeba alubangelwa yinaliti esetyenziswa ukufaka inaliti. Lubangelwa yindlela amasosha omzimba asabela ngayo kwintsholongwane ephilayo ye-vaccinia kwi-vaccinia.
Kwindawo yokugonywa, kuvela i-blister enesilonda kunye nokurhawuzelelwa kuqala. Eli blister loma emva koko, lishiye inxeba elingqukuva. Ukwakheka kwesi silonda kubonisa ukuba isitofu sinikwe ngempumelelo kwaye umzimba unamandla okuzikhusela.
Emva kowe-1972, amazwe amaninzi, kuquka neSri Lanka, ayeka ukunika uluntu ngokubanzi imijovo ye-smallpox. Ngenxa yoko, isizukulwana esitsha sanamhlanje asikanikwa le mijovo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Smallpox sisifo esibulalayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane iVariola esibulele izigidi zabantu kuyo yonke imbali.
- Esi sifo satshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini ngo-1980, ngenxa yenkqubo yokugonya yehlabathi eyayikhokelwa yi-World Health Organization (WHO).
- Iimpawu eziphambili yayikukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye namadyungudyungu agcwele ubovu asasazeka emzimbeni wonke.
- Ingxibongo kunye ne-chickenpox zizifo ezimbini. Kwingxibongo, amadyungudyungu axhaphake kakhulu ezintendeni nasemacaleni, ngelixa kwingxibongo, anqabile.
- Isilonda esingqukuva esandleni sabantu abadala abaninzi sisibonakaliso sokuba bafumene ugonyo lwe-smallpox.
- Amazwe kwihlabathi liphela agcine imigonyo ye-smallpox kunye nonyango oluza kusetyenziswa xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unomkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nerhashalala engaqhelekanga, ungoyiki kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
Ingxibongo, Ingxibongo, Intsholongwane, Iimpawu, Ingxibongo, Isitofu, Amanxeba, Izifo Ezisulelayo, Usulelo
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