Khawuthelekelele ukuba wena nomhlobo wakho osenyongweni ninesifo esifanayo, umzekelo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Xa nobabini nisiya kugqirha, bobabini baninika uhlobo olufanayo lwamayeza. Kodwa into engaqhelekanga kukuba, uxinzelelo lwegazi lomhlobo wakho lulawulwa kakuhle ngaloo mayeza ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi. Kodwa xa usela loo mayeza, uyadideka, okanye ufumana esinye isiphumo esibi, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho alulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Kutheni kunjalo? Nangona singabantu ababini, imizimba yethu yahlukile kakhulu ngaphakathi, akunjalo? Le ngcamango yamva nje yezonyango esithetha ngayo namhlanje, ebizwa ngokuba yiPrecision Medicine, ifika phambili njengesisombululo saloo ngxaki.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iPrecision Medicine?
I-Precision Medicine ingaguqulelwa kwisiSinhala ngokuthi "i-precision medicine". Kodwa kubaluleke ngakumbi ukuqonda ingcamango kunegama.
Masiqale ngomzekelo olula. Khawucinge ukuba uya evenkileni uyokuthenga ihempe. Kukho iihempe ezininzi ezinobukhulu obufanayo, "ezincinci", "eziphakathi", "ezinkulu". Uthatha "eziphakathi" uze uzizame. Isenokuba ixinene kakhulu, okanye inkulu kancinci, okanye imikhono inokuba mide kakhulu. Kodwa awunakukhetha, ngoko ke uyayithenga. Le yindlela yendabuko "yokulingana ngobukhulu obunye".
Khawuthelekelele nje usiya kumthungi olungileyo. Uthatha zonke izilinganiso zakho, njengobude bakho, ubunzima, ubude bengalo, kunye nobubanzi begxalaba lakho, aze akuthungele ihempe elungele wena. Iza kufaneleka kakuhle kwaye ikhululekile kangakanani emzimbeni wakho? Yiloo nto kanye ethethwa yiPrecision Medicine.
I-Precision Medicine imalunga nokukhetha unyango kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo nezisebenzayo zokukhusela kwizifo, endaweni yokunika wonke umntu amayeza okanye unyango olufanayo. Isebenzisa ulwazi malunga ne-genes yakho, indawo ohlala kuyo, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo ukukunceda ukhethe unyango kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo nezisebenzayo zokukhusela kwizifo.
Kukho elinye igama lale nto, elithi "Unyango Olulungiselelwe Umntu Oyedwa." Kodwa igama elithi Precision Medicine ngoku lisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo.
Oku kwahluke njani kwindlela yesintu?
Masenze uthelekiso oluncinci ukuze siqonde ngokucacileyo umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini.
| Uphawu | Amayeza esintu (Anobukhulu obunye) | Amayeza Okuchonga |
|---|---|---|
| Ukukhetha unyango | Unyango ludla ngokugqitywa ngokusekelwe kwinto efanelekileyo "kumntu oqhelekileyo." | Unyango olufanelekileyo lukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwizakhi zofuzo zomntu, indawo akuyo, kunye nendlela yakhe yokuphila. |
| Imveliso | Isebenza kakuhle kwabanye abantu, kodwa ayisebenzi kakuhle kwabanye. | Okukhona abantu abaninzi, kokukhona amathuba okuba bafumane iziphumo ezingcono. |
| Imiphumela | Ukuba uzama iyeza uze ufumane iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kuya kufuneka utshintshele kwelinye iyeza. | Ungakhetha amayeza aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa kwangaphambili. |
| Ukuthintela izifo | Ingcebiso ngokubanzi (umz. ukuzilolonga, ukunciphisa ukutya okunamafutha) inikwa wonke umntu. | Ukwazi kwangaphambili ukuba zeziphi izifo onokuthi uzifumane ngokusekelwe kwizakhi zofuzo zakho kunokukunika icebiso elithile lokuthintela ezo zifo. |
Zeziphi izibonelelo esizifumanayo kwiPrecision Medicine?
Le ndlela yanamhlanje imiselwe ukuguqula unyango. Nazi ezinye zezibonelelo eziphambili eziza kuzisa:
- Iyeza elifanelekileyo kuwe, ngedosi efanelekileyo: Esebenzisa ulwazi lwakho lwemfuza, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ukuba leliphi iyeza eliza kusebenza kakuhle kuwe, kunye neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa, kunye nedosi efanelekileyo yokulinika.
- Ukuqonda nzulu isizathu sokuba izifo zikhule: Kutheni ezinye izifo zidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana? Kutheni abanye abantu kuphela befumana umhlaza? Ulwazi ngemfuza luluncedo kakhulu ekufumaneni iimpendulo kwimibuzo efana nale.
- Ukuthintela isifo ngaphambi kokuba sivele:Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwemfuza lunokuqikelela ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, okanye uhlobo oluthile lomhlaza kwixesha elizayo, kuya kuba luncedo kangakanani ukutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo ukuze uthintele esi sifo? I-Precision Medicine yindlela efanelekileyo.
- Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo: Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona iimpawu zinokuba zifana, kunokubakho izifo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi. Xa kuvavanywa kwinqanaba lemfuza, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga isifo esichanekileyo.
Ngawaphi amasimi asele esebenzisa iPrecision Medicine?
Oku akuyonto nje eza kuza kwixesha elizayo. Oogqirha kumazwe aphuhlileyo kwihlabathi liphela sele beyisebenzisa ngempumelelo le ndlela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ziphambili.
1. Unyango lomhlaza (i-Precision Oncology)
Olu lolona hlobo lukhulu noluphumeleleyo lwePrecision Medicine ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngaphambili, besiqhele ukwahlula umhlaza ngokwendawo oqale kuyo. Umzekelo, "umhlaza wemiphunga" okanye "umhlaza webele."
Kodwa ngoku izazinzulu zifumanise ukuba nomhlaza okhula kwindawo enye unokuba neminwe ye-molecular eyahlukileyo. Njengeminwe yethu ye-fingerprints. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantu ababini abanomhlaza wemiphunga banokuba notshintsho olwahlukileyo kwi-genetic (utshintsho) kwiiseli zabo zomhlaza.
Ngoko ke, kwi-Precision Oncology, kuthathwa isampuli encinci yethumba lesigulana (i-biopsy), kwaye kuhlolwa utshintsho lwemfuza. Emva koko, isigulana sinikwa iyeza (unyango olujoliswe kulo) elihlasela kuphela olo tshintsho lwemfuza oluthile .
Khawucinge ngeqela lamasela angena esixekweni. Indlela yendabuko kukubeka isixeko sonke phantsi komthetho wokuvalwa kwendlu nokujonga yonke indlu. Oku kuchaphazela nabantu abangenatyala. I-Precision Medicine ifana nokusebenzisa i-CCTV ukufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi indlu amasela azifihle kuyo aze aye kuloo ndlu abambe amasela. Oku akubangeli monakalo mkhulu kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
2. Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy yomhlaza
Eli lelinye inyathelo elimangalisayo lokuya phambili kunyango lomhlaza. Imizimba yethu inomkhosi olwa nezifo. Siwubiza ngokuba yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela . Lo mkhosi unokubona nokutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga, oko kukuthi, iiseli zomhlaza, ezikhula emizimbeni yethu.
Kodwa ezinye iiseli zomhlaza zinobuqili kakhulu. Zifihlakele kakuhle, zifihlakele kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela.
I-immunotherapy isebenza "ngokuqeqesha" inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba ikwazi ukubona nokuhlasela ezi seli zomhlaza ezifihlakeleyo. Kufana nokunika umkhosi wethu inkqubo entsha yeradar enokuzibona iintshaba ezifihlakeleyo. Oku kusincede ukuba sisebenzise ukhuselo lwemizimba yethu ukulawula okanye ukunyanga umhlaza.
3. I-Pharmacogenomics
Nangona eli gama lisenokubonakala linzima kancinci, ingcamango ilula kakhulu.
I-Pharmacy = amayeza (amayeza)
I-Genomics = I-Genetics
Oko kuthetha ukufunda indlela ii-genes zakho ezisabela ngayo kumayeza owaselayo.
Sonke sinezakhi zofuzo ezahluke kancinci, ngoko ke iyeza elifanayo liya kusebenza ngokwahlukileyo emizimbeni yethu.
- Imizimba yabanye abantu iyawohloka ize ikhuphe iyeza ngokukhawuleza. Kubo, idosi eqhelekileyo isenokunganeli.
- Imizimba yabanye abantu iyayicola kancinci kakhulu le chiza. Kubo, nokuba yidosi eqhelekileyo inokuba yityhefu.
I-Pharmacogenomics ibandakanya ukuthatha ulwazi oluncinci lwemfuza yakho ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi ngaphambi kokuba unike iyeza, kwaye ubone indlela umzimba wakho oza kusabela ngayo kuloo yeza kwangaphambili. Oku kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba amisele iyeza elifanelekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kuwe. Oku kunokukunceda uphephe iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nonyango olungasebenziyo.
4. Izifo Ezingaqhelekanga
Kukho izifo zemfuza ezingaqhelekanga nezingaqhelekanga ehlabathini. Ngamanye amaxesha noogqirha abakwazi ukuchonga unobangela wesifo. Kukho iintsapho eziphethwe sesi sifo emva kokuya ezibhedlele iminyaka emininzi kwaye zivavanyelwa iintlobo ngeentlobo, kodwa abakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba siyintoni esi sifo.
I-Precision Medicine izise ithemba elikhulu kubantu abanjalo. Ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuhlola yonke i-genetic makeup yesigulana (Genomic Sequencing) kwaye ufumane "impazamo encinci kakhulu" (ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic) kuloo khonkco le-DNA. Loo mpazamo incinci yimbangela yesifo sonke. Xa kufunyenwe unobangela ochanekileyo wesifo, kuba lula kubaphandi ukufumana unyango lwaso.
I-Precision Medicine iza kutshintsha njani ubomi bethu kwixesha elizayo?
Le teknoloji isesencinci, kodwa amandla ayo makhulu kakhulu. Kwixesha elizayo, xa usiya kugqirha, uya kuba nolwazi lwakho lwemfuza kunye neziphumo zakho zovavanyo lwegazi rhoqo.
- Ngaphambi kokuba akunike iyeza, ugqirha ujonga ingxelo aze agqibe kwelokuba, "Owu... usenokuba une-allergy kweli yeza, ngoko ke siza kumnika eli."
- Ukuba unesifo esingenamntu kusapho lwakho, ungafumanisa ukuba imbangela yimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo, impazamo kwindlela ophila ngayo, okanye utshintsho olutsha kwimfuza.
- Sonke siya kukwazi ukwenza isicwangciso sezempilo esisilungele thina.
Oku akuseyonto yesayensi. Eli likamva lezonyango. Kuza kuthatha ixesha ukuba ezi teknoloji zifike eSri Lanka kwaye zibe yinto eqhelekileyo. Kodwa sele, unyango olujoliswe kulo olu lusetyenziswa ngandlela ithile kwabanye abaguli abanomhlaza kwilizwe lethu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amayeza OkuchongaYinkqubo yezonyango yanamhlanje ephepha indlela enye yonyango, endaweni yoko ikhetha unyango olufanelekileyo kumntu ngamnye.
- Ngenxa yesi sizathu, zonke ezi zinto zintathu ziyaqwalaselwa: ii-genes zakho, indawo ohlala kuyo, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo .
- Le ndlela sele isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwi-oncology , kwi-immunotherapy , nasekuxilongweni kwezifo ezingaqhelekanga .
- Ngomsebenzi obizwa ngokuba yi -pharmacogenomics , le ndlela inceda ekunikezeni idosi efanelekileyo yamayeza elungiselelwe iijini zakho kwaye ayinazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
- Nangona eli lisengummandla ophuhlayo, linamandla okuguqula amayeza kungekudala. Ngenye imini, unyango luya kusebenza ngakumbi, lukhuseleke ngakumbi, kwaye lube lolwenzelwe wena.
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