Yonke into malunga noVavanyo lweMfuzo ngaphambi kokuzalwa ngamagama alula

Ngaba ungumama ozayo? Ngoko ke umnqweno wakho omkhulu kukuzala umntwana osempilweni. Mhlawumbi sele uyazi malunga novavanyo lwegazi kunye neeskeni ezenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa ukuqinisekisa impilo yakho neyeyomntwana wakho. Kodwa ngaba ukhe weva ngohlobo oluthile lovavanyo olunokufumanisa kwangaphambili ukuba umntwana wakho ongekazalwa unesifo semfuza okanye isiphene sokuzalwa? ​​Namhlanje sithetha ngalo mba ubaluleke kakhulu abantu abaninzi abanemibuzo ngawo, oko kukuthi uVavanyo lweMfuzo lwaNgaphambi kokuzalwa.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni olu vavanyo lwemfuza?

Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge ukuba zeziphi iijini kunye neekromosomu. Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengesakhiwo esikhulu. Iijini ziyiplani epheleleyo, okanye iseti yemiyalelo, yokwakha eso sakhiwo. Iikromosomu zifana neencwadi ezinkulu ezigcina ezi jini zilandelelana. Xa umntwana ekhula, isiqingatha sale "ncwadi" sizuzwa kunina kwaye esinye isiqingatha sizuzwe kuyise.

Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho iziphene, iimpazamo, okanye umahluko kwezi miyalelo, okanye kwezi "ncwadi". Kulapho umntwana anokuba nesifo semfuza okanye isiphene sokuzalwa. Ngoko ke, uvavanyo lwemfuza lwangaphambi kokuzalwa yinkqubo yokuvavanya umntwana ngaphambi kokuzalwa, ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuze kubonwe ukuba umntwana unayo na ingxaki enjalo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zovavanyo: masiqonde umahluko

Olu vavanyo lwemfuza lunokwahlulwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda umahluko ochanekileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini.

1. Uvavanyo Lokuhlola: Olu luvavanyo olulinganisa umngcipheko.

2. Uvavanyo lokuxilonga: Olu luvavanyo oluqinisekisa imeko yesifo.

Cinga ngayo njengoqikelelo lwemozulu. Uvavanyo lokuhlola luthi, "Kukho amathuba angama-70% okuna namhlanje." Luthi kuphela kukho amathuba aphezulu okuna, kungekhona ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo kuza kuna. Uvavanyo lokuxilonga lufana nokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba "kuyana ngoku."

Lo mahluko ungaqondwa ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo zokuhlola ezisetyenziswa kakhulu?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lokuhlola. Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ezo zikufaneleyo.

1. Uvavanyo lwemfuza lwabazali (Uvavanyo lwabathwali)

Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu. Oku akwenzelwa umntwana, kodwa kumama notata. Kukho izifo ezithile zemfuza, kwaye nangona sine-gene ebangela eso sifo emizimbeni yethu, asibonisi zimpawu zeso sifo. Sibizwa ngokuba 'ngumthwali' . Khawucinge ukuba ungumthwali wesifo esithile, kwaye umyeni wakho naye ungumthwali wesifo esifanayo, nokuba nobabini aninazo iimpawu, kukho umngcipheko we-25% wokuba umntwana azalwe eneso sifo. I-Thalassemia, isifo esiqhelekileyo eSri Lanka, ngumzekelo omhle woku.

• Oku kwenziwa ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula.
• Ngokwesiqhelo, umama uya kuvavanywa kuqala. Ukuba umama ufunyenwe enesifo, notata uya kuvavanywa.
• Olu vavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe kube kanye ebomini .

2. Uvavanyo lokukhangela iingxaki kwiikhromosomu zomntwana

Iseli nganye emzimbeni wethu inee-chromosomes ezingama-23, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zizonke zingama- 46. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa umntwana ekhulelwe, inani lala ma-chromosomes linokutshintsha. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho ezintathu ze-chromosome 21 endaweni yezimbini, inokubangela i-Down syndrome.Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezenziwayo ukuvavanya umngcipheko weemeko ezinjalo.

• Uvavanyo lwe-DNA yosana olungenaseli (NIPT): Eli ligama lesiSinhala elithetha 'Uvavanyo Lokukhulelwa Olungenalo Utyando'. Olu buchwepheshe buphucuke kakhulu. Xa ukhulelwe, kukho iziqwenga ze-DNA ezincinci kakhulu zosana lwakho ezidada egazini lakho. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa isampuli yegazi elula ethathwe kuwe ukuze kwahlulwe ezo ziqwenga ze-DNA yosana lwakho kwaye kujongwe umngcipheko weengxaki eziqhelekileyo ze-chromosome ezifana ne-Down syndrome. Oku kungenziwa emva kweeveki ezili-10 zokukhulelwa .
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu luvavanyo olwenziwa kwigazi likamama. Nangona kunjalo, oku akujongi i-DNA yomntwana, kodwa kumanqanaba eeproteni ezithile egazini likamama. Ngokusekelwe kula manqanaba eeproteni, kubalwa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe nesifo semfuza. I-Quad Screen ngumzekelo wolu hlobo lovavanyo. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe kwiiveki ezithile ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

3. Uvavanyo lokujonga naziphi na iziphene emzimbeni womntwana

Ezi zidla ngokwenziwa nge-ultrasound scan.

• I-Nuchal Translucency (NT) Scan: Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-11 ukuya kwezili-14 zokukhulelwa. Lulinganisa ubukhulu bomaleko wolwelo phantsi kolusu ngasemva kwentamo yomntwana. Ukuba olu luhlu luphezulu kunoluqhelekileyo, lunokuba luphawu lokungaqheleki kwe-chromosome, njenge-Down syndrome, okanye ingxaki ngentliziyo yomntwana.
• Uvavanyo lwe-AFP (Uvavanyo lwe-Maternal Serum): Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-15-22. Ukuba inqanaba leprotheni ebizwa ngokuba yi-AFP liphezulu egazini likamama, oko kunokubonisa ingxaki yomqolo womntwana (iziphene zetyhubhu ye-neural) okanye isisu.
• I-Fetal Anatomy Scan (i-Anomaly Scan): Le yi-scan eqhelene noomama abaninzi. Kolu vavanyo olukhulu, olwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-18 nezingama-20 , ugqirha uhlola ngononophelo onke amalungu omntwana, ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni, kuquka ingqondo, intliziyo, izintso, umqolo, amalungu omzimba kunye nobuso.

Uvavanyo lokuxilonga oluqinisekisa isifo

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokuhlolwa aziqhelekanga, okanye ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomntwana onesifo sofuzo (umz., ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-35, imbali yosapho), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lokuxilonga ukuqinisekisa isifo.

Olu vavanyo luchanekile kakhulu kuba luthatha isampuli yeeseli zomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, alulula njengovavanyo lokuhlola. Luthathwa njengovavanyo 'olungena emzimbeni',Kukho umngcipheko omncinci kakhulu (0.1% - 0.5%) wokuphuma kwesisu.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zovavanyo lokuxilonga:

1. I-Amniocentesis: Oku kudla ngokwenziwa phakathi kweeveki ezili-16 nezingama-20 zokukhulelwa . Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha, phantsi kwesikhokelo sesikena, ufaka inaliti encinci kakhulu esiswini sakho esibelekweni sakho aze akhuphe inani elincinci lolwelo lwe-amniotic olujikeleze umntwana. Olu lwelo luqulathe iiseli zomntwana.

2. I-Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS): Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kwangethuba, phakathi kweeveki ezili-11 ukuya kwezili-13 zokukhulelwa . Apha, kufakwa inaliti esiswini okanye kwisini kwaye kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili kwi-placenta. Iiseli ezikwi-placenta zifana ngokwemfuza neeseli zomntwana.

Ngokuthumela ezi sampuli kwilebhu ukuze zivavanywe, kunokuqinisekiswa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntwana uneengxaki ze-chromosome.

Ingaba kuyimfuneko na ukwenza ezi vavanyo? Ngubani obaluleke kakhulu kubo?

Hayi, akunyanzelekanga ukuba wenze ezi vavanyo. Esi sisigqibo sakho sobuqu ngokupheleleyo kuwe nakusapho lwakho. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze eso sigqibo, kufuneka ucinge ngeenkolelo zakho, imilinganiselo yakho, kunye nezicwangciso zakho zexesha elizayo.

Abanye abazali bathanda ukwazi ngemeko yempilo ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wabo azalwe. Ngale ndlela, banexesha lokuceba kwangaphambili, bafunde ngayo, baze balungiselele ngengqondo unyango olukhethekileyo nonyango oluza kufuneka umntwana.

Kwakhona, ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo zingadanisa kakhulu, kwaye abanye abazali baphoqeleka ukuba benze izigqibo ezinzima kakhulu, njengokuthi baqhubeke nokukhulelwa okanye bangaqhubeki.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi mvavanyo zinikwa ingqwalasela engakumbi kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokuhlola zangaphambili 'ziyingozi enkulu'.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okanye lomyeni wakho onesifo esibangelwa yimfuza.
• Ukuba umama uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-35 ubudala (kuba umngcipheko wezifo ezithile zofuzo uyanda njengoko iminyaka ikhula).
• Ukuba ukhe waphunyelwa zizisu ngaphambili okanye wazala umntwana oswelekileyo.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo ngale nto, buza ugqirha wakho yonke imibuzo onayo engqondweni uze uyicacise. Musa ukugcina nantoni na engqondweni.

• "Ngokweminyaka yam kunye nembali yam yezonyango, zeziphi iimvavanyo zovavanyo ezilungele mna?"
• "Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lokuhlolwa aziqhelekanga, siza kwenza ntoni emva koko?"
• "Zithini iingozi kumntwana okanye kum ukuba ndivavanywa?"
• "Lithini ithuba lokuba kubekho iziphumo ezingezizo ezichanekileyo kwezi mvavanyo?"
• "Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana iziphumo?"
• "Ngaba uvavanyo olufana ne-NIPT lunokumisela isini somntwana?" (Ewe, uvavanyo lwe-NIPT mhlawumbi ne-Anomaly scan nazo zinokumisela isini somntwana.)