Ngaba kukho iiproteni ezininzi kakhulu kumchamo wakho? (I-Proteinuria) - Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye le!

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umchamo wakho, okanye umchamo, unegwebu kancinci? Okanye mhlawumbi ugqirha wenze uvavanyo lomchamo wathi, "Uneproteni eninzi kakhulu kumchamo wakho." Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-proteinuria . Ngamafutshane, oku kuthetha ukuba umchamo wakho uneproteni engaphezulu kunokuba kufanele. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lokuqala lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.

Yintoni iprotheyini kwaye kutheni ibaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu?

Cinga ngayo, iiproteni zifana nezisebenzi emizimbeni yethu. Zenza umsebenzi omninzi obalulekileyo.

• Inceda ekwakheni izihlunu namathambo . Xa sibaleka kwaye sitsiba, xa siphakamisa iintsimbi, sifuna izihlunu ezomeleleyo.
• Ilawula ubungakanani bolwelo egazini lethu .
• Zinceda imizimba yethu ukuba ilwe nosulelo . Zifana namajoni amancinci emizimbeni yethu.
• Banoxanduva lokulungisa izicwili ezonakeleyo .

Ezi proteni kufanele ukuba zibe segazini lethu. Kulapho zenza khona umsebenzi wazo obalulekileyo. Kodwa, ukuba ngesizathu esithile ezi proteni ziyavuza egazini zize ziphele zisemchameni, oko kuthetha ukuba ziyasuswa emzimbeni. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kunokuchaphazela impilo yomzimba wethu wonke.

Ingaba iprotheyini esemchameni iyingozi?

Ewe, iiproteni ezikwimchamo ziyinto exhalabisayo , njengoko ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba le meko inyusa umngcipheko wokufa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo nesifo sentliziyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-proteinuria, inokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD) . Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba namanqanaba aqhelekileyo eeproteni kumchamo wabo nangona bene-CKD. I-CKD kukulahlekelwa kancinci komsebenzi wezintso. Ukuba oku kuyaqhubeka, unokufuna ukufakelwa izintso okanye i-dialysis. Isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zezona zizathu zimbini ziphambili zomonakalo wezintso. Ezi zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo zesifo sezintso.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko?

Nabani na unokuba ne-proteinuria. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nale meko ukuba:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala .
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nesifo sezintso okanye okwangoku .
• Ukuba unesinye isifo esichaphazela izintso zakho, esifana nesifo seswekile .
• Lo mngcipheko ufunyenwe uphezulu kumaqela athile eentlanga (umzekelo, abantu abamnyama, amaHispanic, amaNative American, okanye abemi bePacific Islanders).

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

I-Proteinuria yimeko eqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, kuxelwe ukuba malunga ne-6.7% yabemi baseMelika banale meko.

Iprotheyini ingena njani emchameni? Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kwezintso?

Cinga ngezintso zethu njengesihluzo esibalaseleyo. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukucoca inkunkuma kunye namanzi angaphezulu egazini lethu. Ezi nkunkuma zihluziweyo kunye namanzi zizinto eziphuma emzimbeni njengomchamo.

Ngaphakathi kwezintso kukho imithambo yegazi emininzi emincinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-glomeruli . Le yinqanaba lokuqala lokuhluzwa kwegazi. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi glomeruli azivumeli amasuntswana amakhulu eeprotheyini okanye iiseli zegazi ukuba zidlule ziye kumchamo. Kufana nesihluzo esineemesh esibamba iziqwenga ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezinye iisuntswana ezincinci zeprotheyini zidlula kwezi glomeruli, iityhubhu ezinde nezincinci (iityhubhu) ezikwizintso ziphinda zifunxe ezo protheyini zibuyele emzimbeni.

Ngoko ke, iiproteni ziqala ukungena emchameni ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle kule nkqubo:

• Ukuba kukho umonakalo kwi-glomeruli okanye kwi-tubules.
• Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngenkqubo yokuphinda kufunxwe iiproteni.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Sizibona njani?

I-proteinuria ayisoloko ibonakalisa zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala . Yiyo loo nto inokuba yingozi kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imeko iqhubeka, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudumba kobuso, isisu, imilenze, okanye amaqatha (i-edema) . Abanye abantu baxela ukuba ubuso babo buziva bukhukhumele xa bevuka kusasa, okanye imilenze yabo idumbile ngokuhlwa.
• Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu, ukudinwa.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha ebusuku.
• Ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo, ingakumbi kusasa.
• Umchamo onegwebu okanye onamaqamza. Olu luphawu lokuqala oluqatshelwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ukuba luphuma amagwebu njengamanzi anesepha, kufuneka ukhathazeke.

Kubalulekile: Ezi mpawu zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo sezintso esingapheliyo. Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, ingakumbi umchamo onamagwebu kunye nokudumba, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini izizathu zeproteinuria?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-proteinuria inokubangelwa ziimeko zempilo ezingenabungozi kangako (ezingengomhlaza) okanye zexeshana. Imizekelo yezi ziquka:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni - Oku kuthetha ukungabi namanzi aneleyo emzimbeni.
• Ukudumba- Ukuvuvukala kwindawo ethile emzimbeni.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension).
• Amatye ezintso.

Kwakhona, izinto ezinje ngokuzilolonga okunzima, uxinzelelo, ukuthatha amayeza afana ne-aspirin yonke imihla, kunye nokuchanabeka kumkhuhlane omkhulu kunokunyusa okwethutyana amanqanaba eeprotheyini kumchamo.

Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zempilo ezinzulu kakhulu zingonakalisa izintso kwaye zibangele i-proteinuria. Ezi meko ziquka:

• Ezinye izifo zomzimba ezifana ne-lupus kunye ne-Goodpasture's syndrome.
• Ukudumba kwezintso okukhawulezileyo , okwaziwa ngokuba yi-glomerulonephritis.
• Umhlaza weeseli zeplasma , okwaziwa ngokuba yi-multiple myeloma.
• Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kubangela ukuba i-hemoglobin iqokelele egazini (i-intravascular hemolysis).
• Isifo sentliziyo.
• I-proteinuria kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kumfazi okhulelweyo ngaxeshanye - oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-preeclampsia.
• Ityhefu.
• Iingozi/ukwenzakala emzimbeni (`Ingozi`).
• Umhlaza wezintso.
• Iimeko zentliziyo (`Ukusilela kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukunganyamezelani`).

Zingakanani iiproteni esifanele sizixhalabele kumchamo wethu?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ubungakanani beprotheyini kumchamo wethu kufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-150 milligrams ngosuku. Ukuba umchamo wakho uneeprotheyini ezingaphezu kwe-150 milligrams ngosuku, oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-proteinuria. Umda ophezulu wale nqanaba liqhelekileyo unokwahluka kancinci kwilabhoratri nganye.

Ukuba une -protein ephakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-3.5 grams kumchamo wakho ngosuku, ibizwa ngokuba yi -nephrotic-range proteinuria . I-Nephrotic syndrome yimeko engaqhelekanga apho izintso zikhupha iiproteni ezininzi kakhulu emchameni.

Ingaba esi sisifo esosulelayo?

Hayi, i-proteinuria ayisosifo esosulelayo . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abanye abantu kusapho lwakho banaso esi sifo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba nawe ube naso. Oku kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho utyekelo oluvela kwilifa.

Uyixilonga njani le nto kanye? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala enze uvavanyo lwe-dipstick ukuze afumanise ukuba une-proteinuria.Kolu vavanyo, uchamela kwisitya esikhethekileyo eofisini kagqirha wakho okanye esibhedlele. Emva koko, ugqirha ufaka intonga yeplastiki ebhityileyo (i-dipstick) egqunywe ngekhemikhali ekhethekileyo kwisampuli yomchamo. Ukuba kukho iproteni eninzi kumchamo, intonga iya kutshintsha umbala.

Emva koko, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lomchamo kwisampuli yomchamo eseleyo. Oku kuza kujonga inkangeleko, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, kunye nolwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lomchamo phantsi kwe-microscope. Ugqirha uza kukhangela izinto ezingafumaneki rhoqo kumchamo. Umzekelo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iibhaktheriya, kunye neekristale zetyuwa okanye zeproteni ezinokwenza amatye ezintso.

Yintoni omawuyenze ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unesifo sezintso?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba unesifo sezintso, uza kukucela ukuba uphinde uvavanyo lomchamo kathathu kwixesha leenyanga ezintathu. Ukuba kufunyenwe iproteni kwisampuli nganye yomchamo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba unemeko engapheliyo (yexesha elide). Okukhona oku kubonwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okulawula nokuthintela ukuqhubeka kwesifo sezintso aba maninzi.

Ukongeza, ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa:

• Uvavanyo lokuhlanjululwa kwe-creatinine: I-Creatinine yimveliso yenkunkuma yamakhemikhali. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubungakanani be-creatinine kumchamo wakho nasegazini. Ukuba izintso zakho ziphilile, ziyayisusa i-creatinine egazini lakho ziyidlulisele kumchamo wakho. Kodwa ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle, i-creatinine ihlala egazini lakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Glomerular filtration rate (GFR): I-GFR ithelekisa amanqanaba eeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-creatinine kunye ne-albumin egazini lakho, ngokusekelwe kubungakanani bomzimba wakho, ubudala, isini sebhayoloji, kunye nohlanga. I-GFR ingaxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba izintso zakho zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani kunye nokuba isifo sakho sezintso siqhubele phambili kangakanani. Olu lwazi lunokukunceda uphuhlise isicwangciso sonyango esingcono.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi olulinganisa isixa siphela seprotheyini kwi-serum: I-serum yinxalenye yegazi equlethe iiprotheyini.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Uvavanyo olufana ne-CT scans kunye ne-ultrasounds lunokufumanisa iingxaki ezinje ngamatye ezintso, iithumba, okanye ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo.
• I-Urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP): I-UPEP ivumela ugqirha wakho ukuba akhangele iintlobo ezithile zeeproteni. Isampuli yomchamo wakho ithunyelwa kwilebhu. Apho, ingcali yelebhu ifaka umbane kwisampuli yomchamo wakho. Oku kunokutyhila ubungakanani beproteni kumchamo wakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-immunofixation (IFE):Ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti encinci kunye nombhobho ukuze athathe isampuli yegazi kumthambo osesandleni sakho okanye esandleni sakho. Isampuli yegazi ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ivavanywe iiproteni ezithile egazini.
• I-biopsy yezintso: Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho ususa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lezintso zakho. Isampuli ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri. Ingcali yelabhoratri ihlola isampuli yezintso phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba yintoni ebangela isifo sezintso zakho kunye nokuba monakalo mkhulu kangakanani owenzekileyo.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Unyango lwe-proteinuria luxhomekeke kwisizathu . Isizathu ngasinye sinonyango lwaso.

Ukuba i-proteinuria ibangelwa sisifo sezintso , isicwangciso sakho sonyango singabandakanya amayeza, utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo, kunye nokuzilolonga . Ukuba une-high blood pressure, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza. Ukuba une-low blood pressure, licebo elihle ukuba uhlolwe umchamo kwaye uhlolwe uxinzelelo lwegazi minyaka le.

Ukuba unesifo seswekile , kufuneka ulawule amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho . Kufuneka uvavanye igazi lakho le-GFR rhoqo ngonyaka.

Abafazi abakhulelweyo abanembali ye-preeclampsia kufuneka babonane nogqirha wabo rhoqo ukuze bahlolwe. Nangona i-preeclampsia yimeko enzima, idla ngokuba ngcono kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokubeleka.

Ukuba une-proteinuria kodwa awunaso isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye naziphi na ezinye iingxaki zempilo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi ukunceda ukuthintela ukonakala kwezintso. Kungumbono olungileyo ukuba uhlolwe uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho kwaye umchamo wakho uhlolwe rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunaso isifo sezintso.

Ukuba une-proteinuria encinci okanye yexeshana, usenokungadingi naluphi na unyango.

Ngaba ukusela amanzi kunciphisa iiproteni kumchamo?

Hayi, ukusela amanzi amaninzi akuyi kuyinyanga i-proteinuria. Ukusela amanzi amaninzi kuya kukwenza uchame kakhulu, nto leyo enokunciphisa inani leeproteni kumchamo wakho ngexesha elinye. Nangona kunjalo, akuyi kuyithintela izintso ekuvuzeni iproteni.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? Zeziphi izinto ekufuneka ndizenze?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzinyamekela kukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.

Ukongeza, nazi ezinye iindlela onokunceda ngazo:

• Ukunciphisa ukutya okutyebileyo kwiproteni.
• Ukunciphisa ukutya ityuwa. Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukutya ukutya okuninzi okutyebileyo kwi-fiber kunokunceda ukunciphisa i-cholesterol kunye nokulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini.
• Ukuzilolonga okanye ukuhlala usebenza rhoqo.Zama ukwenza umsebenzi weeyure ezimbini ubuncinane ngeveki.
• Jonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho rhoqo.
• Ukuyeka ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amayeza angengowe-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha ekuxelele. Ezona NSAID zisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-aspirin (Bayer®), ibuprofen (Advil®), kunye ne-naproxen (Aleve®).

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela oku?

I-Proteinuria ayinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo . Nangona kunjalo, ungayilawula . Iimeko ezininzi ezibangela i-proteinuria zinokulawulwa ngamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila.

Injani imeko yomntu one-proteinuria?

Ukuba ifunyenwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye yanyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, imeko yabantu abane-proteinuria ilungile.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, i-proteinuria inokukhokelela ekufeni. Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abangenayo i-proteinuria baphila ixesha elide kunabo bane-proteinuria ethambileyo okanye enzima.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba kufuneka uchame rhoqo kunesiqhelo, okanye ukuba uziva iintlungu xa uchama.
• Ukuba umchamo wakho unegwebu okanye unamaqamza.
• Ukuba uziva unesicaphucaphu okanye uhlanza.
• Ukuba uziva unesiyezi, ubuthathaka, okanye unentloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukuba unesidumba okanye ukudumba ebusweni bakho, esiswini, okanye emzimbeni ongezantsi.
• Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki emva konyango.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ugqirha uyazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ndine-proteinuria?
• Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ndibe ne-proteinuria?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ozicebisayo?
• Ingaba ndine-proteinuria engathathi cala okanye eyexeshana?
• Ngawaphi amayeza okanye unyango olucebisayo?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndenze naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela enditya ngayo okanye kwindlela endiphila ngayo?
• Ukuba andinayo iproteinuria, yeyiphi enye imeko endinokuba nayo?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweProteinuria kunye neOrthostatic Proteinuria?

I-Orthostatic proteinuria ( ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-postural proteinuria) ithetha ukubaOku kuthetha ukuba kukho iiproteni ezininzi kumchamo wakho xa uchama umi, kodwa iiproteni kumchamo wakho ziqhelekile xa uchama ulele. Le yimeko edla ngokubonakala kubantu abancinci, ingakumbi abantu abade nabancinci, kwaye ayiyongozi kangako.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweProteinuria kunye neTransient Proteinuria?

I-proteinuria yexeshana yimeko yexeshana . Idla ngokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nokuzilolonga okunzima, uxinzelelo, umkhuhlane, kunye nokuchatshazelwa ngumkhuhlane ogqithisileyo ixesha elide. I-proteinuria yexeshana idla ngokuziphelela ngaphandle konyango.

I-Proteinuria lizinga eliphezulu leprotheyini kumchamo wakho. Ukuba une-proteinuria, kusenokufuneka uchame rhoqo, kwaye umchamo wakho unokuba namagwebu okanye ube namaqhubu. Usenokuba neempawu eziqhelekileyo zokugula, ezifana nokucaphuka, ukuhlanza, ukudinwa, kunye nokudumba. Ukuba unale mpawu kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, kungcono ukubona ugqirha. Angafumanisa imeko ebangela i-proteinuria yakho aze akunike unyango oluza kukunceda ugcine izintso zakho ziphilile.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene umbono olungileyo malunga ne-proteinuria. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kumchamo wakho (ingakumbi umchamo onamagwebu) okanye ukudumba emzimbeni wakho. Ukuba uyibona kwangethuba, unokuthintela iingxaki ezininzi. Izintso zifana nezisebenzi zomzimba wethu ezithuleyo. Luxanduva lwethu ukuzinyamekela kakuhle. Ungakhathazeki, ezi meko zinokulawulwa ngeengcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nonyango.

` iproteinuria, iproteni kumchamo, isifo sezintso, umchamo onegwebu, impilo yezintso, umonakalo wezintso, i-CKD