Indlela entsha yokunyanga umhlaza: Masifunde ngoNyango lweProton ngamazwi alula

Xa sifumanisa ukuba ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo unomhlaza, siziva sidakumbile kakhulu kwaye sothukile. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, umbuzo oza engqondweni ngulo, "Loluphi unyango olungcono?" Xa sithetha ngomhlaza, amazwi esiwavileyo sonke lutyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngendlela entsha nephucukileyo yonyango kwicandelo lonyango lwe-radiation. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-proton therapy okanye i-proton beam therapy.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni unyango lweproton?

Kulungile, masichaze oku ngokulula. Unyango lweProton lukwaluhlobo lonyango lweradiation olusetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango lweradiation lusebenzisa ii-X-rays okanye ii-electron ezinamandla aphezulu. Kodwa unyango lweproton, njengoko igama lisitsho, lusebenzisa amasuntswana anamandla aphezulu, ane-positive charge ebizwa ngokuba yi-protons .

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngokusebenzisa iiproton endaweni ye-X-ray?" Nantsi into ebalulekileyo.

Khawuthelekelele uphosa ilitye ebhaluni egcwele amanzi. Ilitye liza kugqobhoza ibhaluni liye kwelinye icala, akunjalo? Unyango lwemveli lwemitha lufana noko. Umsebe we-X-ray uhamba kwizicwili eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo njengoko uhamba uye kwithumba, kwaye emva kokutshabalalisa ithumba, uhamba kwizicwili eziphilileyo kwelinye icala. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "yidosi yokuphuma." Oku kunokubangela umonakalo kungekuphela nje kumhlaza, kodwa nakwiiseli eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo.

Kodwa unyango lweproton lufana "nebhulethi yomlingo." Olu nyango lweproton lungena emzimbeni, luye kwithumba, lusebenzise amandla alo apheleleyo ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, luze luyeke apho. Aludluli ngaphaya kwethumba. Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho "dosi yokuphuma" phantse. Ngenxa yoko, umonakalo kwizicubu ezisempilweni ezijikeleze ithumba uncinci kakhulu. Le yeyona nzuzo inkulu neyona ibalulekileyo yonyango lweproton.

Olu nyango lucwangciswa kwaye lujongwa ngugqirha ogxile kwi-radiation oncology. Simbiza ngokuba yi-radiation oncologist . Nguye ogqibayo ukuba i-proton beam kufuneka ithunyelwe nzulu kangakanani kwaye ngamandla angakanani.

Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza olu nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo?

Ngenxa yokuchaneka oku, unyango lweproton alusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Ngokukodwa, le ndlela yonyango ikhethelwe:

• Kwimihlaza ekufutshane namalungu omzimba abuthathaka: umzekelo , ingqondo, umqolo, amehlo, intliziyoXa kukho izimila ezinomhlaza ezikufutshane nezitho ezibalulekileyo zomzimba, ezifana nesibindi, le ndlela ifanelekile kakhulu ukunyanga umhlaza kuphela ngaphandle kokonakalisa ezo zitho ziphilileyo.
• Ngomhlaza wobuntwana: Ngenxa yokuba imizimba yabantwana isakhula, imitha ingonakalisa iiseli zabo ezisempilweni ngaphezu kwabantu abadala. Ke ngoko, unyango lweproton lukhetho oluhle lokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga (umz., ukukhula okungalindelekanga, ezinye ii-cancer) zonyango lwemitha olunikwa abantwana kwixesha elizayo.

Ulungiselela njani ngaphambi konyango?

Ngaphambi kokuba unyango lweproton luqale, kubakho iseshoni yokucwangcisa . Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yonyango. Kulapho iqela lakho lezonyango liceba yonke into ngokuchanekileyo.

1. Ukumisela indawo yonyango (Ukungena kwindawo)

Uza kwenziwa ulale kamnandi etafileni yonyango. Kuya kufuneka uhlale ungashukumi ngalo lonke unyango. Kuba ne-millimeter yokuhamba inokubangela ukuba umqadi weproton uhambe kwindawo engafanelekanga. Ke ngoko, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo (isixhobo sokuyithintela) ziya kusetyenziswa ukukugcina ukwindawo efanayo.

• Khawuthelekelele ukuba ubunyangwa umhlaza entlokweni yakho, ungasebenzisa into efana nemaski ekhethekileyo efanela ubuso nentloko yakho ngokugqibeleleyo.
• Ukuba ikwelinye icala lomzimba, ungasebenzisa into efana nomqamelo (isikhunta/umqamelo) omile okwelo candelo.

Nangona ezi zisenokubonakala zingenamsebenzi, zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lujoliswe ngqo.

2. Ukufumana iiskeni zemifanekiso

Wakuba ubekwe kwindawo ethile, kwenziwa i-CT scan ukuze kubonwe ubungakanani obuchanekileyo, imilo, kunye nendawo yethumba. Ngamanye amaxesha i-MRI okanye i-PET scan nayo ingasetyenziswa. Ezi scan zisetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa indlela echanekileyo ye-proton beam kusetyenziswa isoftware yekhompyutha.

Ngeli xesha, iqela lezonyango linokwenza amabala amancinci kakhulu eluswini lwakho okanye kwisixhobo sokumisa ukungasebenzi, njengokusebenzisa ipeni. Ungakhathazeki, oku kunokukunceda uhlale kwindawo efanayo ngalo lonke ixesha usiza kunyango.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene ngexesha lonyango?

Unyango lunikezelwa kwigumbi elikhethekileyo elibekelwe loo njongo. Ezi zezinye zezinto ezihlala zenzeka.

1. Ukukubeka kwindawo efanelekileyo: Iqela lezonyango liza kukubeka etafileni yonyango lize likulungiselele ngezixhobo zokukuthintela ukuhamba njengoko bekucwangcisiwe.

2. Ukufota:Ngaphambi kokuba unyango luqale, kuya kuthathwa eminye imifanekiso embalwa (i-X-ray okanye i-CT) ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukwindawo efanelekileyo. Emva koko iqela lezonyango liya kuya kwigumbi lolawulo elahlukileyo.

3. Ukunika unyango: Nangona uwedwa egumbini, bahlala bekujongile kwaye bekumamele ngeekhamera zevidiyo kunye neemakrofoni. Ungathetha ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga. Kukho inxalenye enkulu efana nengalo yomatshini eqhagamshelwe kumatshini ehambisa umqadi weproton, ebizwa ngokuba yi-gantry . Le gantry ijikeleza kuwe, ijolise umqadi weproton kumhlaza kwiikona ezifanelekileyo. Usenokuva ingxolo encinci xa umatshini usebenza, kodwa awuyi kuva ntlungu .

Ithatha ixesha elingakanani le nyango?

Umqadi weproton uthunyelwa emzimbeni wakho ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, njengemizuzu embalwa . Kodwa kungathatha imizuzu engama-20-30 nangaphezulu ukukubeka endaweni, ukuskena, nokujonga yonke into kabini uze ulungiselele.

Olu nyango ludla ngokunikezelwa iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki kangangeeveki ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, olu cwangciso luyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika ishedyuli ethile.

Zithini izibonelelo zonyango lweproton?

Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, eyona nzuzo inkulu kukuba akukho monakalo mkhulu kwizicwili eziphilileyo. Kukho ezinye iingenelo ezimbalwa eziza noku. Masizijonge ngolu hlobo.

Ingaba olu nyango luphumelele? Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Ngokuphathelele impumelelo, akukho mahluko mkhulu phakathi konyango lweproton kunye nonyango lweradiation lwendabuko. Zombini zinezinga elifanayo lempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko besixoxile ngaphambili, uphando lubonise ukuba unyango lweproton lubonelela ngeziphumo ezingcono kwiimeko ezithile (umz., iithumba zobuchopho zabantwana).

Xa kufikwa kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, akunakwenzeka ukuthi "akukho ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga konke konke" . Kaloku, olu lunyango olunamandla. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zihlala zenzeka kancinci kancinci, emva kweeseshoni ezininzi zonyango. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezenzekayo zixhomekeke kwindawo yomzimba onyangwayo .

• Ukuba ingqondo inyangwa: Intloko ebuhlungu kunye neengxaki zenkumbulo zinokubakho.
• Ukuba isisu okanye indlela yokugaya ukutya inyangiwe: isicaphucaphu, iintlungu zesisu, kunye norhudo lunokwenzeka.
• Ukuba unyanga umlomo okanye umphimbo : Izilonda emlonyeni kunye nobunzima bokuginya zinokwenzeka.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango?

Xa iseshoni yonyango iphelile, iqela lezonyango liza kungena, lisuse izixhobo ezikuthinteleyo, kwaye likuncede uphume etafileni. Uninzi lwabantu lunokubuyela ekhaya emva nje konyango. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba, akukho mitha iya kukhutshwa emzimbeni wakho . Ngoko ungaba phakathi kwabanye abantu, kwanabantwana abancinci, ngaphandle koloyiko.

Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo, oko kuthetha ukuba akuyi kuba namiphumo emibi kwaye ubuyele esiqhelweni. Eli xesha liya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho.

Ufuna ukuthetha nogqirha nini?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina unxibelelwano oluqhubekayo neqela lakho lezonyango ngexesha lonyango. Ingakumbi,

• Ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zimbi kakhulu kunokuba ubulindele.
• Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, ezingalindelekanga .

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango, buza ugqirha wakho, "Zeziphi iimpawu ekufanele ndizixele ngoko nangoko ukuba ziyavela?"

Okwangoku, kukho inani elilinganiselweyo lamaziko ehlabathini anikezela ngonyango lweproton. Oku kungenxa yokuba le teknoloji ibiza kakhulu. Kwaye esinye sezizathu kukuba iluncedo kakhulu kwiintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza. Kodwa njengoko kuphuma ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neenzuzo zale teknoloji, le ndlela yonyango inokwenzeka ukuba ixhaphake ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo.