Bonke umama notata bayoyika xa ngequbuliso bebona irhashalala ebomvu emzimbeni womntwana wabo, akunjalo? Baxhalabile nge-measles, i-chickenpox, okanye olunye uhlobo lwe-allergy. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngesifo esibangela irhashalala, kodwa abantu abaninzi abangathethi kakhulu ngaso, kwaye esinokuba yingozi kakhulu, ingakumbi koomama abakhulelweyo. YiRubella leyo. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-"German measles".
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iRubella?
I-Rubella sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-RuV . Uphawu lwayo oluphambili kukuqhambuka okubomvu okubonakala emzimbeni. Olu qhambuka ludla ngokuqala ebusweni luze lusasazeke emzimbeni wonke kwiintsuku ezintathu. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu belubiza ngokuba yi-"masisi yeentsuku ezintathu."
Kodwa into ebalulekileyo apha kukuba, nangona ibizwa ngokuba yi "German measles", ayisiyo measles esiqhele ukuyazi. Zombini ezi zifo zibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. I-Rubella ayisiyongxaki imbi ukuba iyenzeka kumntwana omncinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umama okhulelweyo ufumana esi sifo, sinokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu kumntwana osesiswini. Masiyijonge ngokweenkcukacha.
Icala eliyingozi kakhulu le-rubella: I-Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS)
Olu lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu noluyingozi lwe-rubella. Ngamafutshane, ukuba umama ufumana i-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa, intsholongwane inokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama iye kumntwana wakhe esibelekweni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiCongenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) .
Ukuba umama ufumana i-rubella kwikota yokuqala yokukhulelwa, umntwana usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-CRS, enokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu xa ezalwa.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba le meko iyingozi ingathintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Okufuneka ukwenze kukuqinisekisa ukuba awuchaphazeleki yi-rubella ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe kwaye ugonywe ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Zeziphi iingxaki umntwana ozelwe ene-CRS anazo?
Umntwana ozelwe enale meko unokuba nengxaki enye okanye ezingaphezulu xa ezalwa.
| Inkqubo echaphazelekayo | Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Amehlo | Ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kombono ngenxa yeemeko ezifana ne-cataracts kunye ne-glaucoma. |
| Ukuva | Ukuba sisithulu okanye ukuba neengxaki zokuva kwasekuzalweni. |
| Intliziyo | Iziphene zentliziyo okanye ezinye iziphene ezintsonkothileyo zokuzalwa. |
| Ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo | Uphuhliso olungalunganga lwengqondo (iMicrocephaly), iingxaki zokufunda, kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha. |
| Ezinye iingxaki | Ukwanda kwesibindi kunye ne-spleen, iiplatelets ezisezantsi zegazi (i-thrombocytopenia), isifo samathambo, iingxaki ze-thyroid, kunye nesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1. |
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-rubella?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, uphawu lokuqala lwe-rubella kubantwana abancinci lurhashalala. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abadala nakubantwana abancinci, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele irhashalala. Okumangalisayo kukuba, malunga nama-50% abantu abosulelekileyo abanazo naziphi na iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba abanazo iimpawu, basenokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye.
Ezi ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonwayo:
- Ubomvu obubomvu: Buqala ebusweni buze budlulele ezantsi.
- Ubushushu bomzimba: Abukho phezulu kakhulu, ngumkhuhlane nje omncinci.
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Iliso elipinki
- Impumlo egobhozayo, njengomkhuhlane
- Umphimbo obuhlungu kunye nokukhwehlela
- Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo: Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo, ingakumbi emva kweendlebe nasentanyeni.
- Intlungu yamalungu: Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini abaselula.
- UMalaise
Sisasazeka njani esi sifo? Sisasazeka ixesha elingakanani?
I-Rubella sisifo esisasazeka lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Le ntsholongwane isasazeka ngamathontsi akhutshwa xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla, kwaye umntu ophilileyo unokusifumana esi sifo ngokuphefumla emoyeni. Ingasasazeka nangokuchukumisa indawo enentsholongwane kuyo uze uchukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba umntu angasasaza esi sifo kwabanye ukususela kwiveki ngaphambi kokuba kuvele irhashalala ukuya kuthi ga kwiveki emva kokuba kuvele irhashalala. Oku kuthetha ukuba usenokusasaza esi sifo komnye umntu nokuba awuyazi ukuba unaso.
Uvavanyo lwe-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa lubonisa ntoni?
Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, okanye sele ukhulelwe, ugqirha wakho usenokucela ukuba uhlolwe igazi ukuze ubone ukuba une-rubella na. Oku kujonga ukuba unazo na ii-antibodies emzimbeni wakho ezinokulwa nentsholongwane ye-rubella.
- Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zithi "Zilungile": Kuthetha ukuba unee-antibodies emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukhe waba ne-rubella ngaphambili, okanye ukhe wafumana i-rubella vaccine (MMR). Oku kulungile! Kuthetha ukuba ukhuselekile kwi-rubella, ngoko ke umngcipheko wokuba ufumane esi sifo ngexesha lokukhulelwa uphantsi kakhulu.
- Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zithi "Negative": Oku kuthetha ukuba awunazo ii-antibodies ezilwa ne-rubella. Oku kuthetha ukuba usemngciphekweni wokufumana esi sifo. Ukuba awukhulelwe, ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ukuba ufumane i-MMR vaccine. Kufuneka uphephe ukukhulelwa ubuncinane inyanga emva kokufumana i-vaccine. Ukuba sele ukhulelwe, kufuneka uhlale kude neendawo apho kukho khona izigulane ze-rubella.
Ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwe-rubella
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-rubella, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ugqirha uza kukuxilonga, ajonge irhashalala, aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho ukuze azame ukufumanisa isifo. Banokwenza novavanyo olufana nolu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga amanqanaba e-antibody.
- Uvavanyo lwe-swab oluthathwe empumlweni okanye emqaleni
- Uvavanyo lomchamo
Iphathwa njani?
Akukho yeza lithile lokubulala intsholongwane ye-rubella. Esi sisifo esidla ngokuziphelela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Esi sinokukwenza kukulawula iimpawu.
- Ungathatha amayeza okuphelisa iintlungu afana neParacetamol xa umkhuhlane kunye nentlungu. Kodwa soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba unike umntwana naliphi na iyeza.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolwelo.
- Phumla kakuhle.
- Ukuze uthintele ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye, zihlukanise nabanye ubuncinane iveki emva kokuba kuvela irhashalala.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-rubella: ugonyo lwe-MMR
Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ilungileyo, ikhuselekileyo, neyona isebenzayo yokukhusela i-rubella. Abantwana banikwa ugonyo lwe-MMR phantsi kweNkqubo yeSizwe yokuGonywa eSri Lanka.
- Isitofu sokugonya se-MMR: Esi sikhusela kuzo zonke izifo ezintathu: imasisi, i-mumps, kunye ne-rubella.
- Ugonyo lwe-MMRV: Olu gonyo lukwasetyenziswa nakwamanye amazwe. Ukongeza kwi-MMR, lukwakhusela kwi-chickenpox (Varicella/Chickenpox).
Ngokweshedyuli yokugonya yesizwe eSri Lanka, umntwana udla ngokunikwa idosi yokuqala ye-MMR xa eneenyanga ezili-9 ubudala kwaye idosi yesibini xa eneminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Ukugqiba zombini ezi dosi zala machiza kunika ukhuseleko oluphantse lube luhlala luhleli kwi-rubella.
Ngubani ongafanele afumane ugonyo lwe-MMR?
Abantu abalandelayo ngokubanzi abacetyiswa ukuba bafumane ugonyo lwe-MMR. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Abantu abane-aleji enzima kuyo nayiphi na into ekwigonyo.
- Abafazi abakhulelweyo.
- Abantu abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yezifo ezifana ne-HIV/AIDS, umhlaza, okanye amayeza abawasebenzisayo.
- Abantu abanesifo sephepha.
- Abantu abasandula ukunikwa igazi.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-rubella, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ingakumbi ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ukhe wadibana nomntu one-rubella okanye ukuba kukho irhashalala, musa ukulibazisa.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?
Ukuba ungumfazi okhulelweyo kwaye ufumana enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko:
- Ukopha kakhulu
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu
- Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda
Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuphuphuma kwesisu. I-Rubella inokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Rubella (i-German measles) sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane esingadli ngokuba sibi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umama okhulelweyo uyasifumana, sinokubangela iziphene ezinzulu zokuzalwa (CRS) kumntwana ongekazalwa.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo yokuzikhusela kwesi sifo kukufumana ugonyo lwe-MMR . Gonyela umntwana wakho ngexesha.
- Ukuba ungumfazi oceba ukuqala usapho, yenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba awuchaphazeleki yi-rubella ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Ukuba awukhulelwe, fumana ugonyo ngokucetyiswa ngugqirha.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ukhe wadibana nomntu onazo, bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
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