Akukho namnye kuthi ocinga kakhulu "ngamathe" kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, akunjalo? Sicinga ngawo njengento nje esemilonyeni yethu. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngaphandle kwala mathe, ubungenakukwazi ukutya, ukuthetha, okanye ukungcamla ukutya? Amathe ngokwenene lulwelo olumangalisayo oludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Makhe sithethe ngawo ngqo, nangokulula, namhlanje.
Ziziphi iingenelo ezinkulu ezibonelelwa ngamathe emzimbeni wethu?
Isaliva ayilomanzi nje kuphela. Inceda kakhulu kwimpilo yomlomo wethu kunye nempilo yethu iyonke. Khawuthelekelele ukuba zingaphi iingxaki ebesiya kujongana nazo ukuba besinokulahlekelwa ngamathe.
Ngamafutshane, amathe ngumkhuseli wendalo emilonyeni yethu kwaye yiyo eqala inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
Nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezenzeka ngamathe.
| Umsebenzi owenziwe ngamathe | Ingcaciso nje |
|---|---|
| Ukugcina umlomo nomqala umanzi | Amathe yinto egcina izidlele zethu, ulwimi, kunye nemilebe zinganamatheli, nto leyo esenza sikwazi ukuthetha lula. Ikwasebenza njengesithambisi esikhusela kwiintsholongwane. |
| Ukwenza kube lula ukuhlafuna nokuginya ukutya | Amathe ayawufumisa ukutya esikutyayo, akwenze kube yibhola encinci (i-bolus) aze akuncede ukuba kuhambe emqaleni. Ngaphandle kwamathe, ukuginya ukutya kuya kuba nzima kakhulu. |
| Ukuqala ukugaya ukutya | I-enzyme i-amylase efumaneka kumathe iqala inkqubo yokugaya ukutya okunesitatshi esikutyayo (njengesonka nerayisi) emlonyeni. |
| Ukhuseleko kwizifo | Izinto ezifana ne-lysozyme ematheni zitshabalalisa iintsholongwane eziyingozi emlonyeni kwaye zilawula iintsholongwane zomlomo. |
| Ukukhusela amazinyo | Amathe ahlamba amaqhekeza okutya emva kokutya. Akwanika i-calcium (iCalcium hydroxyapatite) emazinyweni. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wokubola kwamazinyo nesifo seentsini . |
| Ukulinganisela i-pH yomlomo | I-asidi yezinto esizityayo nesiziselayo iyahluka. Amathe agcina i-pH (i-asidi/i-alkaline) yomlomo kwinqanaba elithile. |
| Ukunceda ukungcamla | Ukuze ulwimi lwethu lunambithe ukutya okomileyo, kufuneka lube manzi. Loo manzi afumaneka ngamathe. |
Ivela phi le ncasa?
Amathe aveliswa zii-salivary glands ezingaphakathi nangaphandle kwemilomo yethu. Amathe aveliswa zezi glands angena emlonyeni ngemibhobho emincinci (ii-ducts). Sinee-pair ezintathu eziphambili zee-salivary glands.
- Ii-Parotid glands: Ezi zezona glands zinkulu zamathe. Ziphambi kweendlebe, ezidleleni. Zikhupha amathe emlonyeni kufutshane namazinyo angaphezulu.
- Ii-sublingual glands: Ezi zifumaneka phantsi kolwimi.
- Ii-submandibular glands: Ezi zifumaneka phantsi komhlathi ongezantsi. Amathe avela kwezi glands aphuma aye emlonyeni phantsi kolwimi.
Ezi glands zithathu ziphambili zivelisa i-90% yamathe ethu. I-10% eseleyo iveliswa ngamakhulu ee glands ezincinci ezifumaneka emlonyeni wonke. Ngokomyinge, umntu omdala uvelisa iilitha eziyi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1.5 zamathe ngosuku.
Ukuveliswa kwamathe kulawulwa njani?
Ukuveliswa kwamathe kulawulwa yinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo (i-ANS). Asinakukulawula oku ngabom, kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Iinxalenye ezimbini zale nkqubo zichaphazela ukuveliswa kwamathe.
1. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo enovelwano
Yile nto isilungiselela iimeko ezingxamisekileyo, uloyiko, kunye noxinzelelo. Kufana nokuphendula "ukulwa okanye ukubaleka". Xa le nkqubo isebenza, kuvela amathe aqinileyo nanamathelayo.Yiyo loo nto uziva ngathi umlomo wakho womile xa usoyika, ukhathazekile, okanye uvavanywa.
2. Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ye-Parasympathetic
Le nkqubo yenza okwahlukileyo kwezinye iinkqubo. Yiyo esigcina sizolile kwaye sikhululekile. Ibizwa ngokuba "kukuphumla nokugaya ukutya." Xa le nkqubo isebenza, ivelisa amathe amanzi. La mathe amanzi yiyo esinceda sitye kwaye siginye ukutya.
Kwakhona, ezinye izinto zemihla ngemihla zinokutshintsha ukuveliswa kwamathe:
- Xa usitya into emuncu: Khawuthelekelele usitya iqhekeza lemango kunye nelayimu encinci. Umlomo wakho uqala ukuqunjelwa, akunjalo? Kungenxa yokuba ukutya okumuncu kugcwele iasidi. Umzimba uvelisa amathe amaninzi ukunciphisa loo asidi nokukhusela amazinyo akho.
- Xa ndicinga ngokutya: Nokuba ndicinga ngokutya okumnandi kwenza umlomo wam uzive umanzi.
- Imini nobusuku: Ukuveliswa kwamathe kuphezulu emini, kodwa ebusuku, xa silele, ukuveliswa kwamathe kuncipha kakhulu. Oku kucingelwa ukuba kunxulumene nomjikelo wemihla ngemihla wemizimba yethu (i-Circadian rhythm).
Ziziphi imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga namathe?
Ezinye iimeko zonyango, amayeza, kunye nonyango zinokutshintsha ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwamathe avelisiweyo. Kukho iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili: ukungabi nasalivation kunye nokungabi nasalivation. Kuzo, ukungabi nasalivation yeyona ixhaphakileyo.
Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamathumbu kunye nomlomo owomileyo
Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Hyposalivation'. Uphawu oluvela koku ngumlomo owomileyo `(Xerostomia).` Xa amathe enganelanga, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokubakho.
| Iingxaki ezinokuvela ngenxa yokuncipha kwamathe | |
|---|---|
| Umoya ombi (iHalitosis) | Ukungonwabi komlomo nomqala kunye nentlungu |
| Ukwanda kokubola kwamazinyo kunye nesifo seentsini | Ubunzima bokuthetha nokuginya ukutya |
| Ubunzima bokunxiba amazinyo okufakelwa | Umngcipheko okhulayo wokosuleleka ngomlomo |
Zithini izizathu zomlomo owomileyo?
- Ezinye iimeko zonyango:Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (ukungabikho kwamanzi emzimbeni), isifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-HIV, isifo sikaSjögren, izifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba ezifana ne-lupus.
- Amayeza: Amayeza okudakumba nokuxhalaba, amayeza okubangela ukunganyamezelani (i-antihistamines), amanye amayeza okudambisa iintlungu, amanye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (ii-beta-blockers), kunye ne-chemotherapy yomhlaza zinokubangela umlomo owomileyo.
- Unyango ngemitha: Unyango ngemitha, ingakumbi kubantu abanomhlaza wentloko nentamo, lunokonakalisa amathe kwaye lunciphise ukuveliswa kwamathe.
Ukunyuka kwamathe
Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Hypersalivation' okanye i-'Sialorrhea'. Oku kuxa amathe evelisa amathe amaninzi kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Oku kunokubangela ukuvuza amathe. Iintsana ezincinci ziyavuza amathe kuba azikwazi ukulawula izihlunu zomlomo wazo ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukuqunjelwa kakhulu kunokubangela izilonda ezibuhlungu neziqhekekileyo ezimbombeni zomlomo (i-Angular cheilitis). Kwiimeko ezinzima, le ncindi ingangena kwimibhobho yomoya ize ibangele iimeko ezifana ne-aspiration pneumonia.
Zithini izizathu zokwanda kwamathe?
- Imingxunya enganyangwanga: Ukubola kwamazinyo kubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zikhule emlonyeni. Umzimba unokuvelisa amathe amaninzi ukuzama ukukhupha ezi ntsholongwane.
- I-Gastritis (GERD): Xa i-asidi yesisu ingena emqaleni, umzimba uvelisa amathe amaninzi ukukhusela umlomo kuloo asidi.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Xa sele uza kuhlanza, amathe akho avelisa amathe amaninzi ukuthintela i-asidi yesisu ukuba ingonakalisi umlomo wakho.
- Ukukhulelwa: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, utshintsho lweehomoni kunye nokucaphuka kunokunyusa ukuveliswa kwamathe okwethutyana.
- Amayeza athile: Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zengqondo (umz., iClozapine) anokubangela ukwanda kokuveliswa kwamathe njengesiphumo esibi.
Ngaba kufuneka ndiye kugqirha ngento efana nale?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba umlomo wakho womile okanye uphuma amathe rhoqo, musa ukungayinaki loo nto. Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Angakuhlola aze afumanise ukuba yintoni ebangela oko. Isenokuba liyeza olisebenzisayo, okanye inokuba luphawu lwenye imeko yezonyango. Nje ukuba imbangela ifunyaniswe, ugqirha wakho angakunika unyango olufanelekileyo.
Abanye abantu bafumana amathe aqinileyo nanamathelayo. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusela amanzi amaninzi . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ingxaki iyaqhubeka, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isaliva lulwelo olubalulekileyo kwimpilo yomlomo nomzimba wethu. Lunceda ekugayeni ukutya, lukhusele amazinyo, kwaye lulwa nezifo.
- Umlomo owomileyo (ukungabikho kwamathe) asinto ithathwa lula. Ingakhokelela ekuboleni kwamazinyo nezinye izifo zomlomo.
- Ukukhupha amathe amaninzi (ukuvuza) kunokuba yimpembelelo embi yeemeko ezithile zonyango okanye amayeza.
- Ukuba unengxaki yexesha elide ngamathe (umlomo owomileyo, amathe amaninzi, amathe atyebileyo), qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
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