Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba isifo esithile sisichaphazela njani, kungekuphela nje ixesha esinaso esi sifo, kodwa ubomi bethu bonke? Ezinye izifo kunye neengozi zinokunciphisa ubomi bethu. Ezinye zinokubangela ukuba siphile nokukhubazeka ubomi bethu bonke. Ngoko ke, kukho indlela ekhethekileyo yokulinganisa ukuba silahlekelwa bubungakanani bobomi bethu obusempilweni ngenxa yezi zinto. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yiDALY.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iDALY (uNyaka woBomi obuLungisiweyo bokuKhubazeka)?
Ngamafutshane, i-DALY (uNyaka woBomi obuLungisiweyo bokuKhubazeka) yindlela yokulinganisa yehlabathi esetyenziswa ngabaphandi kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo ukuqikelela indlela izifo ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela ngayo ubomi babantu kunye nomgangatho wobomi kuluntu oluthile.
Cinga ngale ndlela: i-DALY ngunyaka wobomi obulahlekileyo ngenxa yobomi obusempilweni obupheleleyo ngenxa yesifo, ukukhubazeka, okanye ukufa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu besifo sakho, le minyaka yokulahlekelwa bubomi inokongeza.
Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukuqonda "umthwalo wezifo" kwilizwe okanye kummandla. Oko kukuthi, iingcali zijonga izinto zentlalo, ezoqoqosho, okusingqongileyo, kunye nezopolitiko ezichaphazela impilo yabantu iyonke. Le ndlela yaqalwa ukuqaliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1990.
Zibalwa njani ezi DALY?
Zimbini izinto eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo ukubala i-DALY.
1. Iminyaka Yobomi Elahlekileyo (YLLs)
2. Iminyaka Ephilayo Nokukhubazeka (YLDs)
Kule meko, ii-YLL yiminyaka yobomi elahlekayo ngenxa yokufa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ii-YLD linani leminyaka esempilweni elahlekayo ngenxa yesifo okanye ukukhubazeka.
Ngoko ke i-DALY yimbumba yee-YLL kunye nee-YLD.
I-DALY = YLLs + YLDs
Masiqonde ngomzekelo.
Khawucinge ngomntwana omncinci oneminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Sicinga ukuba ukuba akafumani sigulo sinzima (umz. isifo seswekile , umhlaza), uya kuphila ade abe neminyaka engama-80 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, khawucinge ukuba lo mntwana ufa engozini eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala.
Emva koko ixesha lokuphila kwakhe (YLL) lingama-80 - 15 = iminyaka engama-65. Apha, ekubeni engazange aphile nokukhubazeka, ixabiso le-YLD liyi-0.
Ngoko ke ixabiso lakhe le-DALY lingama-65. Oko kuthetha ukuba ulahlekelwe yiminyaka engama-65 yobomi obusempilweni.
Kodwa kukho into elungileyo apha. Nokuba unesifo, ukuba ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kugqirha, utshintshe indlela ophila ngayo, kwaye uphucule impilo yakho, unganciphisa eli xabiso le-DALY, oko kuthetha ukuba ungandisa ixesha lakho lokuphila ubomi obusempilweni.
Zeziphi izifo kunye neengxaki ezichaphazela iiDALY?
Kuqwalaselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezifo, iingozi kunye nokukhubazeka xa kubalwa ii-DALY. Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo nakwilizwe lethu.
| Udidi lweSifo/Imeko | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Izifo Ezisulelayo | Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV, imasisi, i-COVID-19, i-dengue, isifo sephepha kunye ne-meningitis. |
| Izifo ezinxulumene nendlela yokuphila | Isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo, umhlaza, i-cholesterol ephezulu. |
| Iingozi kunye nokwenzakala | Ukulimala okubangelwa ziingozi zendlela, ukuwa, kunye nezenzo zobundlobongela. |
| Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo | Uxinzelelo, Ixhala. |
| Ezinye iimeko | Iziphene zokuzalwa, izifo ezinxulumene nokwaluphala (umz. i-Alzheimer's), ukungondleki kakuhle, iintlungu zomqolo/intamo, ukuphazamiseka kokuva okanye ukubona. |
Umahluko phakathi kwe-DALY kunye ne-QALY
NjengeDALY, kukho enye indlela yokulinganisa ebizwa ngokuba yiQALY (Unyaka woBomi obuLungisiweyo ngoMgangatho) . Oku kukwalinganisa ubude kunye nomgangatho wobomi. I-QALY ngunyaka wobomi ophila kuwo usempilweni epheleleyo.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi zimbini ngulo:
- IiDALY zilinganisa inani leminyaka elahlekileyo ngenxa yokugula okanye ukufa.
- I-QALYIlinganisa inani leminyaka esempilweni oyifumanayo ngenxa yokuphucula umgangatho wobomi ngenxa yonyango okanye utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo .
Ungawuphucula njani amanqaku akho e-DALY?
Uphando lufumanise ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze wandise ubomi bakho obusempilweni kwaye unciphise umthwalo wezifo. Ungazixoxa nogqirha wakho uze uzenze ngendlela ekufaneleyo.
| Kwenziwe ntoni | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukunciphisa i-body mass index (BMI) | Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni ngokobude bakho. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike iingcebiso ngale nto. |
| Ukuyeka ukutshaya | Ukuyeka okanye ukunciphisa ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo kunceda ekukhuseleni kwizifo ezininzi. |
| Ukuyeka ukusebenzisa utywala | Ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala kuluncedo kakhulu empilweni. |
| Umsebenzi womzimba kunye nokuzilolonga | Ukwenza umthambo wemihla ngemihla njengokuhamba, ukubaleka, nokudada kunokugcina intliziyo nomzimba wakho usempilweni. |
| Ukutya okunesondlo | Ukutya ukutya okutyebileyo kwimifuno emitsha, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, kunye nokutya okune-fiber (okufana nerayisi emdaka, iinkozo ezipheleleyo). |
Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abamkela olu hlobo lwendlela yokuphila enempilo bongeza ubuncinane iminyaka emibini yobomi obusempilweni ebomini babo xa kuthelekiswa nabo bangalandeliyo.
Kutheni le nto umlinganiselo we-DALY uluncedo?
Ngokujonga idatha ye-DALY, amagosa ezempilo kunye noogqirha banokuqonda umthwalo wesifo kwilizwe. Ngokusekelwe kolo lwazi, banokuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo ukulawula esi sifo, ukufundisa abantu, kunye nokuphucula iinkonzo zempilo.
Umzekelo, ukuba isifo seswekile okanye isifo sentliziyo siyanda phakathi kwabantu abaselula kwilizwe lethu, idatha ye-DALY iya kubonisa indlela eya kuyichaphazela ngayo ubomi babo obusempilweni kwixesha elizayo. Emva koko, singayilawula loo meko ngeenkqubo zokwazisa kwinqanaba lesikolo, ezinje ngokubakhuthaza ukuba benze umthambo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izithintelo kwindlela ye-DALY?
Ewe. Ngenxa yokuba i-DALY ilinganisa impembelelo yesifo ngenani elinye, ngamanye amaxesha ayibonisi umfanekiso opheleleyo. Kuba ayizizo zonke izifo okanye iingxaki ezifanayo.
Umzekelo, zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ukuba ne -asthma ixesha elifutshane kunye nokuphila ne -schizophrenia , isifo sengqondo esibi , ubomi bakho bonke.
Kwakhona, nokuba umntu unesiphene (umz., ukungakwazi ukuhamba, ubunzima bokuthetha), angaphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobanelisayo ukuba unokufikelela kwinkonzo yezempilo efanelekileyo, inkxaso yosapho kunye noluntu, kunye nezixhobo zokwenza ubomi bakhe bube lula. Ezi zinto zentlalo azinakuqwalaselwa rhoqo xa kubalwa ii-DALY.
Nangona kunjalo, i-DALY sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu nesiluncedo ekufumaneni ukuqonda okubanzi imeko yempilo yelizwe liphela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-DALY yindlela yokulinganisa inani leminyaka yobomi obusempilweni olahlekelwa yiyo ngenxa yesifo, ukukhubazeka, okanye ukufa ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Oku kubalwa ngokudibanisa iminyaka elahlekileyo ngenxa yokufa ngaphambi kwexesha (ii-YLL) kunye neminyaka ephila nokukhubazeka (ii-YLD).
- Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela ixabiso le-DALY, ezifana nezifo zendlela yokuphila, izifo ezosulelayo, iingozi, kunye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo .
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, nokuphepha ukutshaya notywala), unokwandisa ubomi bakho obusempilweni.
- Idatha ye-DALY ibaluleke kakhulu ekucwangciseni nasekuphuculeni iinkonzo zempilo zelizwe. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nengxaki yezempilo, thetha nogqirha wakho.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho