Uninzi lwethu lunengxaki ye-cholesterol ephezulu. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa ufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi kwaye ubona ukuba inqanaba lakho le-LDL lingaphezulu kwamanani amathathu. Ngoko ke, ngaba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba uqale ukuthatha iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-statins ukulawula i-cholesterol yakho? Usenokuba sele ulisebenzisa eli yeza. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi malunga neli yeza, ukusebenza kwalo, kunye neengenelo kunye neengxaki zalo. Masicacise yonke imibuzo onayo ngalo namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi statins?
Iistatins ludidi lwamayeza anokuthatyathwa kuphela ngomyalelo kagqirha. Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukulungisa amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol. Ngokukodwa, amanye amayeza e-statin anokunciphisa i-LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol yakho, eyaziwa ngokuba yi- "bad" cholesterol, ngama-50% nangaphezulu.
Oogqirha babiza i-LDL ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi" ngesizathu. Cinga ngemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emzimbeni wakho njengemibhobho yamanzi. Oko kwenziwa yile cholesterol ye-LDL kukuzibeka eludongeni lwemibhobho yamanzi efana ne-moss. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zidiphozithi (sizibiza ngokuba yi-plaque) ziyakha kwaye zinciphise indawo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yakho. Oku kwenza intliziyo isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi, kwaye kukwathintela ukuhamba kwegazi.
Iistatin azithobi nje i-LDL. Zithobisela nolunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lakho olubizwa ngokuba yi-triglycerides. Zikwanceda isibindi sakho ukuba sisuse i-cholesterol engafunekiyo. Ngamanye amaxesha la mayeza anokunyusa amanqanaba e-HDL (i-High-Density Lipoprotein), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol "elungileyo" . I-HDL "ilungile" kuba iqokelela i-cholesterol engafunekiyo emzimbeni wonke ize iyise esibindini. Isibindi emva koko siyisusa emzimbeni.
La mayeza eza ngohlobo lweepilisi okanye iikhaphu. Athathwa kube kanye ngemini. Angathathwa nokutya okanye ngaphandle kokutya. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuwathatha ngexesha elifanayo yonke imihla. Ileyibhile ekwibhotile yakho yamayeza iya kukuxelela ukuba umele uwathathe ngaliphi ixesha losuku. Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-statins ezisebenza ixesha elifutshane zithathwa ebusuku kuba imizimba yethu ivelisa i-cholesterol eninzi ebusuku xa silele. Nangona kunjalo, ii-statins ezisebenza ixesha elide azisebenzi kangako nangaliphi na ixesha losuku.
Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni.
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Khawuthelekelele ukuba isibindi sakho sesona sityalo senza i-cholesterol. I-75% ye-cholesterol esiyidingayo emzimbeni wethu iveliswa sesi sibindi. Inxalenye eseleyo ivela ekutyeni esikutyayo.
Ngoko ke, ukuze le fektri ivelisa i-cholesterol isebenze, ifuna umsebenzi obalulekileyo. Loo nto yi-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-HMG-CoA reductase. Kufana nokufuna umkhandi oyintloko ukuze akhe imoto.
Iistatini zenza umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kufana nonogada esangweni lomzi-mveliso. Iistatini ziyayithintela i-enzyme ye-HMG-CoA reductase ukuba ingangeni kumzi-mveliso. Oko kukuthi, ziyayithintela. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Ngenxa yokuba "umsebenzi" oyintloko owenza i-cholesterol uphelile, imveliso ye-cholesterol yesibindi iyancipha kakhulu. Le yindlela iistatini ezilawula ngayo amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini lakho.
Ngamafutshane, ii-statins ziphazamisana nenkqubo yesibindi yokuvelisa i-cholesterol, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol embi (LDL) egazini.
Kutheni le nto sizidinga ezi statins?
Isizathu esiphambili kukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.
I-cholesterol ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu ukuze yenze i-vitamin D, ii-hormones, kunye nee-asidi ezinceda ekugayeni ukutya. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba, i-cholesterol eninzi kakhulu iqokelelana egazini.
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, le cholesterol eyongezelelweyo iqala ukuqokelelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, la ma-deposit (i-plaque) abangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe. Emva koko akukho ndawo ingako yokuba igazi lihambe. Kufana nokuxinana kweemoto kwindlela exakekileyo.
Imeko inokuba mandundu nangakumbi. Ngamanye amaxesha, iidiphozithi ze-cholesterol eziqokelelene ngaphakathi kwezo mithambo yegazi zinokuba zingazinzi kwaye ziqhume ngequbuliso. Ukuba igazi liqhekeka apho, lingayivala ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi. Ukuba oku kuvaliwe kwenzeka kumthambo ohambisa igazi entliziyweni, kubangela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo . Ukuba kwenzeka kumthambo ohambisa igazi engqondweni, kubangela isifo sohlangothi . I-statins yehlisa i-cholesterol kwaye isikhusela kwezi meko zinzima.
Ziziphi iintlobo ze-statins ezikhoyo kwimarike?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-statins. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba uhlobo kunye nomthamo ofanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekwe kwimeko yakho.
| Igama lesiyobisi se-statin (Igama eliqhelekileyo) | Amagama eeMveliso aqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| I-Atorvastatin | I-Lipitor®, iCaduet® |
| I-Fluvastatin | - |
| I-Lovastatin | I-Mevacor®, i-Altoprev™ |
| I-Pitavastatin | ILivalo®, iZypitamag® |
| IPravastatin | - |
| I-Rosuvastatin | I-Crestor®, i-Ezallor Sprinkle® |
| I-Simvastatin | Zocor®, FloLipid®, Vytorin® |
Kwezinye iimeko, iyeza le-statin linikwa kwipilisi edibeneyo nelinye iyeza.
- I-Simvastatin ene-ezetimibe okanye i-niacin
- I-Atorvastatin ene-ezetimibe okanye i-amlodipine
- I-Lovastatin ene-niacin
Ngubani ofanele athathe ii-statins?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Iistatin aziloyeza elifanele zonke iintlobo. Ugqirha uza kukunika eli yeza ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo sentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-statins ziyacetyiswa kwezi zifo zilandelayo:
- Kwabo bangakwaziyo ukulawula amanqanaba abo e-cholesterol ngokutya nangokuzilolonga .
- Kwabanye abantu, ngenxa yezizathu zemfuza (ii-genes), oko kukuthi, ilifa, umzimba uvelisa i-cholesterol engaphezulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Kwabo bantu.
- Kwabo baneengozi zesifo sentliziyo, ezinje ngeswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwecuba.
Xa ugqiba ekubeni uyawadinga na amayeza e-statin, ugqirha wakho uya kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bakho, isini, kunye nembali yosapho lwakho. Ama-statin anokunikwa abantu abadala, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, abantwana abancinci.
Nazi ezinye iimeko apho oogqirha badla ngokucebisa ii-statins:
- Kwabo banamanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-cholesterol (LDL), angaphezu kwe-190 mg/dL, kwaye abanakulawulwa lutshintsho kwindlela abaphila ngayo.
- Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40-75 ubudala abanesifo seswekile kunye namanqanaba e-LDL angaphezu kwama-70 mg/dL.
- Kwabo bakha bahlaselwa yintliziyo, banesifo sohlangothi, okanye banesifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze imithambo yegazi (i-PAD).
- Kwabo baneminyaka engama-40-75 ubudala, abanamanqanaba e-LDL angaphezu kwama-70 mg/dL kunye nomngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana isifo sentliziyo.
Ngaba ii-statins zineziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, ii-statins zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwabantu alufumani naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nokuba ziyenzeka, uninzi lwazo zincinci.
Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwazi oku. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho. Emva koko angalungisa idosi yakho okanye akutshintshele kwenye i-statin.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo nezingaqhelekanga | |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ezincinci |
|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga |
|
Kubalulekile: Lumka ngeGrapefruit kunye nePomegranate!
Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba ungayisebenzisi ijusi yegrapefruit okanye ipomegranate xa uthatha ii-statins ezithile (ingakumbi i-Atorvastatin, iLovastatin, iSimvastatin). Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi ziqhamo zinokuphazamisana nokukwazi komzimba ukudiliza i-statin. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni amayeza amaninzi aqokeleleke emzimbeni wakho, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko weziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nee-statins
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uyeka ukuthatha ii-statins ngequbuliso?
Oku kuyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha ii-statins ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho, amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol aza kuqala ukunyuka kwakhona. Oko kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko wakho wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi uza kunyuka kwakhona. Oku kufana nokuthatha isambrela emvuleni. Ukhuseleko olunikezelwa ngamayeza luya kulahleka. Ngoko ke musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza nangasiphi na isizathu ngaphandle kokubuza ugqirha wakho.
Ngaba ii-statins zibangela ukutyeba?
Ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba ii-statins zinokubangela ukwanda kancinci kobunzima. Enye into kukuba xa abanye abantu beqala ukuthatha amayeza, kuba amanqanaba abo e-cholesterol emahle, bacinga ukuba, "Ndiphilile ngoku," baze bayeke ukulawula ukutya kwabo kunye nokuzilolonga. Nangona kunjalo, banokukhula ubunzima. Khumbula, nokuba uthatha ii-statins, kubalulekile ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha xa ndisela la mayeza?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na ezi mpawu zilandelayo ngelixa uthatha ii-statins, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:
- Intlungu yemisipha okanye yamalungu enganyamezelekiyo
- Ubuthathaka
- Ifiva
- Ukutyheli kwamehlo okanye ulusu (i-Jaundice)
- Umchamo omnyama
Ngaba kukho abantu abangafanele bathathe ii-statins?
Ewe. Iistatin azifanelekanga kwabanye abantu.
- Kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo
- Kwabomama abancancisayo
- Kubantu abanezifo ezithile zesibindi ezinzima
Ukuba unesifo seswekile, xelela ugqirha wakho. Kumntu osele esengozini yokufumana isifo seswekile, ii-statins zinokunyusa kancinci loo mngcipheko. Nangona kunjalo, kuba abantu abanesifo seswekile basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo sentliziyo, iingenelo zee-statins zingaphezulu kakhulu kunomngcipheko omncinci. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukwenza esi sigqibo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iistatins ngamayeza abaluleke kakhulu anciphisa i-cholesterol embi (LDL) egazini lakho kwaye akukhusele kwingozi yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.
- Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokugqiba ukuba uyalifuna eli yeza okanye akunjalo, loluphi uhlobo, kwaye ungakanani umthamo.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha ii-statins okanye utshintshe idosi ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
- Ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga (ingakumbi iintlungu zemisipha), yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ungalibali ukulandela ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga ngelixa uthatha ii-statins. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zivela ekudibaniseni zombini.
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