Mhlawumbi ukhe weva "ngamayeza e-sulfa." Mhlawumbi ugqirha ukunike ikhrimu yokuyithambisa eluswini lwakho wathi, "Eli liyeza le-sulfa." Zithini kanye kanye ii-sulfonamides? Ngaba zii -antibiotics nje? Hayi, ibali lide kakhulu kunoko. Masifikelele ezantsi koku namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi sulfonamides?
IiSulfonamides ludidi lwamayeza enziwa ngokwenziwa, oko kukuthi, kwiilabhoratri. Aziveli ngokwendalo. Onke amayeza kolu didi lwamayeza aqulathe i-element "sulfur" kwisakhiwo sawo sekhemikhali. Yiyo loo nto ebizwa ngokuba yi-"sulfonamides."
Ngoku masibone ukuba ezi zinto zisebenza njani. Ingakumbi xa zinikwa usulelo lweentsholongwane , into eyenziwa ngala mayeza kukuthintela iintsholongwane ekwenzeni into ebizwa ngokuba yi-" folate " eziyidingayo. Siyazi nokuba i-folate yi -vitamin B9 . Cinga nje, esi sakhamzimba esibizwa ngokuba yi-folate sibalulekile ukuze iintsholongwane ziphile kwaye zisasazeke. Ngoko ke xa amayeza e-sulfonamide engena emzimbeni, ayayeka iintsholongwane ekwenzeni le folate. Kufana nokulamba ngaphandle kokutya, iintsholongwane ziyaphela kancinci kancinci zize zife.
“Ngaba akukho ngxaki emizimbeni yethu?” unokucinga. Hayi. Kuba thina, oko kukuthi, abantu, sifumana i-folate efunekayo emizimbeni yethu ekutyeni esikutyayo. Asenzi i-folate emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke eli yeza alisoloko lichaphazela iiseli emizimbeni yethu ngaloo ndlela.
Ngaphambi kokuba kufunyanwe i-penicillin , ngeminyaka yoo-1930, ii-sulfonamides yayiyenye yezona ziyobisi zibalaseleyo ezikhoyo zokunyanga izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ngelo xesha , la mayeza ayenceda ekunciphiseni inani lokufa ngenxa yezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ngobuninzi. Kodwa namhlanje, awasetyenziswa kuphela kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Amayeza akweli klasi asetyenziswa kwezinye izifo ezininzi.
Zeziphi izifo ezisetyenziselwa i-sulfonamides?
Ngaphambili, zazisetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga nokuthintela usulelo lweentsholongwane. Kodwa namhlanje, olu hlobo lwamayeza luye lwaphucuka kakhulu. IiSulfonamides zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, usulelo lwe-HIV, kunye ne-melanoma, uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezinye amayeza akweli candelo kwaye zeziphi izifo asetyenziselwa zona. Ukuze kube lula, siza kuwahlulahlula abe ngamacandelo amabini.
1. IiSulfonamides ezisetyenziswa njengee-antibiotics
La ngamayeza anikezelwa ikakhulu kwiintsholongwane.
| Iintlobo zee-antibiotics: ii-sulfonamides |
|---|
| IMafenide (Sulfamylon®) |
| I-Sulfadiazene (iSilvadene® okanye iThermazene®) – (isetyenziswa kakhulu xa kutshile) |
| I-Sulfamethizole |
| I-Sulfisoxazole |
| I-Sulfasalazine (i-Azulfidine®) – (Ikwasetyenziswa nakwi-ulcerative colitis) |
| I-Sulfadoxine – (esetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-malaria) |
2. Ii-sulfonamides ezingezizo ii-antibiotic
Ezi azizo iziyobisi ezibulala iintsholongwane. Zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye izifo ezininzi. Olu luhlu lude kancinci, kodwa lukunika umbono wobubanzi bolu hlobo lwamayeza.
| Igama leziyobisi | Ukusetyenziswa |
|---|---|
| I-Acetohexamide, i-Chlorpropamide, i-Tolazamide, i-Tolbutamide | Uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile |
| I-Furosemide (Lasix®), iBumetanide, iTorsemide, iChlorthalidone, iHydrochlorothiazide, iIndapamide | I-Diuretics isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukudumba okubangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokusilela kwentliziyo okubangelwa kukuxinana. |
| I-Celecoxib (iCelebrex®) | Iintlungu zamalungu kunye neemeko zokudumba ezifana ne-arthritis. |
| IDarunavir (iPrezista®) | Iyeza lokulwa nentsholongwane kaGawulayo (i-antiretroviral drug) |
| I-Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Ngentloko ebuhlungu ye-migraine. |
| I-Sildenafil (iViagra®, iRevatio®) | Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemithambo yemiphunga. |
| I-Tamsulosin (iFlomax®) | Xa kukho ubunzima bomchamo obubangelwa kukwanda kwe-prostate gland (i-benign prostatic hyperplasia). |
| I-Zonisamide (iZonegran®) | Ukuxhuzula okubangelwa kukuxhuzula. |
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ube ne-allergy kwi-sulfonamides?
Ewe, unako. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva abantu besithi, "Ndinganyamezelani namayeza e-sulfa." Phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-8% yabemi behlabathi bane-allergy kuhlobo oluthile lweyeza le-sulfa. Kodwa oku kufana kakhulu ne-allergy kwi-penicillin.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile: ukuba nje ubune-allergy kwiyeza elinye le-sulfonamide akuthethi ukuba une-allergy kuzo zonke ezinye iziyobisi kweli klasi. Le yinto oogqirha abayamkelayo ngoku.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ukhe waba ne-allergy kwi-sulfonamide ngaphambili, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale amayeza amatsha. Uya kukwazi ukukucebisa amanye amayeza afanelekileyo kuwe.
Zithini iingxaki zolu hlobo lweyeza?
Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, ii-sulfonamides zinokuba neengxaki ezithile kunye nemiphumo emibi. Ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Ukuxhathisa iintsholongwane: Xa usebenzisa i-antibiotic efanayo ixesha elide, ezinye iintsholongwane ziyaxhathisa elo yeza. Oku kuthetha ukuba iyeza alisasebenzi kwezo ntsholongwane. Oku kunokwenzeka nakwii-sulfonamides.
- Ukulahlekelwa yimpembelelo kwezinye iibhaktheriya: Ezinye iintlobo zeebhaktheriya ziyamelana ngokwemvelo nala mayeza.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu: Ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu , kodwa abanye abantu banokufumana iziphumo ezibi kakhulu zesikhumba ezifana neStevens-Johnson syndrome kunye ne-toxic epidermal necrolysis .
Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu nakumayeza. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho ngoyena mthombo ulungileyo wolwazi malunga namayeza owanikwe wona, iingenelo zawo kunye neengozi zawo. Mbuze ngawo.
Ingaba iBactrim™ nayo yi-sulfonamide?
Ewe, ngokuyinxenye. I-Bactrim™ ine-sulfamethizole, uhlobo lwe-sulfonamide. Ukongeza, ikwanayo nenye iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-trimethoprim. Ezi zimbini zisebenza kunye.
Ingaba iCelebrex® nayo yi-sulfonamide?
Ewe. I-Celecoxib (edla ngokubizwa ngegama lebrendi i-Celebrex®), esetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlungu ze-arthritis, ikwayi-sulfonamide.
Ngaba eli yeza linokubangela ukuba kubekho iikristale kumchamo?
Ewe, amanye amayeza e-sulfa anokubangela ukuba kubekho iikristale kumchamo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuyonto ixhaphakileyo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika ingcebiso malunga nokuba amayeza owasebenzisayo anokubangela oku na kunye nento onokuyenza ukuyithintela (umzekelo, sela amanzi amaninzi).
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IiSulfonamides azingomayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela, kodwa ziluhlobo olukhulu lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezahlukeneyo.
- Olu hlobo lwamayeza lusetyenziswa kwizifo ezininzi, ukusuka kwiintsholongwane ukuya kwisifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nemigraines.
- Iingxaki zokunganyamezelani zinokwenzeka kwiziyobisi zesulfa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ne-allergy kuhlobo oluthile akuthethi ukuba uza kuba ne-allergy kuzo zonke iziyobisi ezikwelo didi.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naliphi na iyeza elitsha, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo kunye nazo naziphi na izinto ezibangela ukuba ungabi namdla kwiziyobisi ngaphambili.
IiSulfonamides, amayeza e-sulfa, ii-sulfonamides, ii-antibiotic, i-allergy yamayeza, i-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, i-Bactrim, i-Celebrex, i-Lasix
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