Xa sithetha ngonyango olunikwa umntu olwa nomhlaza, igama elinye elifika engqondweni ngokukhawuleza lithi "iKhemotherapy." Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, ngoku kukho iindlela ezintsha ezinokujolisa kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye zinyange ngelixa zinciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngenye indlela yonyango echanekileyo kakhulu, ephucukileyo kakhulu. Siyibiza ngokuba yi "Targeted Therapy."
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTargeted Therapy?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba indlu yakho inokhula oluninzi. Ngoku uneendlela ezimbini zokususa olu khula. Enye indlela kukufafaza igadi yonke nge-herbicide. Oku kuya kubulala ukhula, kodwa kunokonakalisa neentyatyambo nemifuno emihle oyityale ngolonwabo. Yiyo le indlela i-chemotherapy yendabuko esebenza ngayo rhoqo. Ibulala iiseli ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza, kuquka iiseli zomhlaza, kunye neeseli eziphilileyo emzimbeni wethu (umzekelo, iiseli zeenwele, iiseli eziphilisa amanxeba emlonyeni).
Ngoku enye indlela kukuchonga ukhula ngalunye ngesandla kwaye ufake ukhula kuphela kulo. Emva koko iintyatyambo ezilungileyo aziyi konakaliswa. Ngokufanayo, iTargeted Therapy yindlela yonyango echonga uphawu oluthile lweeseli zomhlaza kwaye ijolise kuloo nto. Ngenxa yoku, umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo uncinci kakhulu. Ukubeka ngokuchanekileyo, oku kufana nokuvula isitshixo esithile kuphela ngesitshixo esithile. Yiyo loo nto le ndlela yonyango ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Precision Medicine". Oko kuthetha ukuba lunyango oluchanekileyo nolujoliswe kulo.
Lusebenza njani kanye kanye olu nyango?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, kufuneka siqale siqonde kancinci malunga nendlela umhlaza okhula ngayo. Yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu inento ebizwa ngokuba yi-genes. Oku kufana nencwadi yemiyalelo exelela iseli indlela yokusebenza. Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho lwe-genetic luyenzeka kule ncwadi yemiyalelo, oko kukuthi, kwii-genes. Emva koko iseli ephilileyo iqala ukujika ibe yiseli yomhlaza. Oko kuthetha ukuba iseli iqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo.
Nantsi into eyenziwa ziingcali ze-oncologists ngexesha lonyango olujoliswe kulo:
1. Okokuqala, utshintsho lwemfuza olubangele umhlaza luyachongwa: Iiseli zakho zomhlaza ziyahlolwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba loluphi utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza olubangele ukuba umhlaza uvele. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezinale nguqu ijoliswe kuyo, kodwa iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza zinayo.
2. Khetha ithagethi:Okulandelayo, iproteni ethile okanye inkqubo eveliswa ngaphakathi kwiseli yomhlaza ngenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza ikhethwa njengethagethi. Le thagethi ayifumaneki kwiiseli eziphilileyo, okanye ikhona ngobuninzi obuncinci kakhulu.
3. Ukuhambisa iyeza elifanelekileyo: Iyeza elikhethekileyo lenzelwe ukubopha nokuvala ithagethi ekhethiweyo. Xa eli yeza lingena emzimbeni, liya ngqo kwithagethi kwiiseli zomhlaza.
Olu hlaselo lutshabalalisa iseli yomhlaza okanye luthintele isignali exelela iseli yomhlaza ukuba yahlukane kwaye ikhule. Ngenxa yoko, umhlaza uyayeka ukukhula kwaye kancinci kancinci uqala ukuncipha.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zonyango olujoliswe kulo?
Ewe, olu nyango lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwindlela olusebenza ngayo. La magama asenokuvakala engaqhelekanga kuwe, kodwa kulungile ukwazi okuncinci.
- Amayeza eemolekyuli ezincinci: La ngamamolekyuli amancinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke anokungena ngqo kwiseli yomhlaza aze ahlasele iindawo ekujoliswe kuzo ngaphakathi. La mayeza adla ngokuthathwa njengeepilisi.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kubandakanya ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba ethu ukuze aqaphele kwaye atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Phantsi koku, kukho unyango oluphambili olufana `(ii-Monoclonal antibodies)`, `(ii-Bispecific antibodies)` kunye `(unyango lweeseli ze-CAR T)`.
- Ii-antibody-drug conjugates: Eli liyeza elenziwe ngobuchule kakhulu. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ichiza elilwa nomhlaza (njengechiza le-chemo) linamathele kwi-antibody ekhangela iiseli zomhlaza kwaye lithunyelwe emzimbeni. Xa elo chiza lifumana iseli yomhlaza echanekileyo kwaye linamathele kuyo, iyeza lingena ngqo kwiseli yomhlaza lize liyitshabalalise. Kufana nokuhambisa iphakheji kwidilesi efanelekileyo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza olu nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo?
Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo yindlela yonyango ephumelelayo esetyenziswa ngoku kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ngakumbi kumhlaza webele, umhlaza wemiphunga, kunye nomhlaza wendlala. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa olu nyango lukwanikezelwa nakwezinye iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza.
| Inkqubo apho uhlobo lomhlaza luwela khona | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza onxulumene negazi | I-Multiple Myeloma, i-Acute Leukemia, i-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma |
| Umhlaza wamathambo kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo | Ezinye ii-sarcomas zezicubu ezithambileyo |
| Umhlaza wenkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Umhlaza we-Coloral, umhlaza we-Esophageal |
| Umhlaza wenkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini | Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, umhlaza we-endometrial |
| Umhlaza wentloko nentamo | Umhlaza weLaryngeal, umhlaza weNasopharyngeal |
| Umhlaza wolusu | I-Melanoma, i-Squamous cell carcinoma |
| Umhlaza we-thyroid | Umhlaza we-thyroid obangelwa yi-anaplastic, umhlaza we-thyroid obangelwa yi-Medullary |
| Umhlaza wenkqubo yomchamo | Umhlaza wesinyi, Umhlaza wezintso |
Ingaba olu nyango lufanelekile kuye wonke umntu?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Unyango olujoliswe ngqo alufanelekanga kubo bonke abaguli abanomhlaza. Kuba, ukuze olu nyango lusebenze, "ithagethi" esithethe ngayo ngaphambili kufuneka ibekho kwiiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango lufanelekile kuwe kuphela ukuba kukho utshintsho oluthile lwemfuza okanye iproteni kuhlobo lwakho lomhlaza olunokuthi lujoliswe kwiyeza. Ugqirha wakho uya kwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo aze agqibe ukuba olu nyango lufanelekile na kumhlaza wakho okanye akunjalo.
Indlela unyango olunikwa ngayo kunye noko ungakulindela
Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zamayeza onyango ajoliswe kuwo, ngoko ke indlela asetyenziswa ngayo inokwahluka.
- Njengepilisi: Amayeza amaninzi afumaneka njengeepilisi eziginywayo.
- Njengesitofu (inaliti): Amanye amayeza anikwa njengesitofu phantsi kolusu.
- Nge- saline (IV): Amanye amayeza anikwa emzimbeni ngesisombululo se-saline esifakwa emthanjeni.
Ishedyuli yonyango iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumayeza owanikiweyo. Kusenokufuneka uwathathe yonke imihla, ngeveki, okanye ngenyanga. Amanye amayeza ayaqhubeka, ngelixa amanye enobude obuthile.
Ngexesha lonyango lwakho, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga rhoqo. Ngeli xesha, angenza uvavanyo lwegazi, ii-X-ray, kunye nee-CT scans ukuze abone ukuba uqhuba njani na kwaye ukuba unyango luyasebenza na. Ugqirha uza kukubuza nangazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango aze akunike naluphi na uncedo olufunekayo kunye nonyango.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho?
Nangona unyango olujoliswe kulo lungenakwenzakalisa iiseli ezisempilweni, lusenokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zihlala zahlukile kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-chemotherapy. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ozifumanayo zixhomekeke kwiyeza olinikwayo kunye nohlobo lomzimba wakho.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo |
|---|
| Urhudo |
| Ulusu olomileyo okanye irhashalala |
| Iienzymes zesibindi eziphakamileyo - Oku kunokubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi. |
| Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) |
| Ukuphola kwenxeba okulibazisekileyo |
| Ukopha esiswini okanye emathunjini (igazi elikwisitulo okanye kwisitulo esimnyama) |
| Amahlwili egazi |
| Iimeko zentliziyo (umz., i-arrhythmia) |
| Ukutshintsha kombala weenwele |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, nokuba zincinci. Ukuba kukho into embi kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe, ungoyiki ukuthetha ngayo. Iqela lezonyango liza kukunceda ufumane amayeza afanelekileyo okanye olunye unyango.
Ngaba unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo okanye i-chemotherapy lungcono?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba omnye "ungcono" kunomnye. Kuxhomekeke kwisigulana, uhlobo lomhlaza, nezinye izinto ezininzi.
- Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo: Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo luchaneke ngakumbi kuba lujolise kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo omncinci kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
- Ukuziqhelanisa: Nangona kunjalo, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, unyango olujoliswe kulo alufanelekanga kuye wonke umntu. Kumntu ongenalo "unyango" olufanelekileyo, i-chemotherapy iselunyango oluphumelelayo kakhulu nolusebenzayo.
- Unyango oludibeneyo: Kwezinye iimeko, ukunika unyango olujoliswe kulo kunye ne-chemotherapy kunye kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezingcono kunokunika enye yodwa.
Ekugqibeleni, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo. Uza kuhlola zonke iirekhodi zakho zonyango kunye nohlobo lomhlaza wakho aze akuchazele ezona ndlela zibalaseleyo onokuzisebenzisa.
Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo lunyango olutsha oluguqula umhlaza. Njengoko izazinzulu ziqhubeka nokufumanisa iimfihlo zemfuza zeeseli zomhlaza, unyango oluchanekileyo nolusebenzayo luyaphuhliswa yonke imihla. Usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi malunga nolu nyango. Ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngalo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango olujoliswe kwiTargeted luyindlela ephucukileyo yokunyanga umhlaza ehlasela kuphela iithagethi ezithile kwiiseli zomhlaza, nto leyo enciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
- Olu nyango lusebenza ngokujolisa kwiinguqu zemfuza ezibangela ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zahlukane.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka kwi-chemotherapy, kwaye zinokubandakanya iingxaki zesikhumba, urhudo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Olu nyango alufanelekanga kubo bonke abaguli abanomhlaza. Luxhomekeke kwiimpawu zofuzo zomhlaza wakho.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho we-oncologist malunga nazo zonke iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo kuwe, izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.
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