Xa sisiva igama elithi utyando lwesifuba okanye utyando, abantu abaninzi baziva besoyika kancinci. Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Kuba ngaphakathi esifubeni kukho amalungu abalulekileyo ebomini, njengentliziyo nemiphunga. Ngoko ke akuqhelekanga ukuziva unexhala xa sisiva igama elithi utyando kwindawo enjalo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye utyando lwesifuba?
Ngamafutshane, naluphi na utyando olwenziwa esifubeni sakho (esifubeni) luwela kolu didi. Xa sicinga ngesifuba, intliziyo ifika engqondweni ngoko nangoko, kodwa olu tyando alupheleli nje entliziyweni. Ukongeza, ezinye iintlobo ezininzi zotyando ezinxulumene nezitho zomzimba ziwela kolu didi.
Khawucinge nje, utyando olwenziwayo kwiingxaki zezitho ezifana nezi:
- Imiphunga: Utyando lweethumba, umhlaza, okanye ezinye izifo ezikwimiphunga.
- Umqala: Umbhobho othwala ukutya esikutyayo ukuya esiswini.
- I-Trachea: Umbhobho ophambili esiphefumla ngawo.
- I-Diaphragm: Umsipha omkhulu owahlula isifuba nesisu.
- Udonga lwesifuba: Oku kuquka iimbambo, ithambo lesifuba eliphakathi, kunye nemisipha ejikeleze lona.
- I-Mediastinum: Le yindawo ephakathi kwemiphunga. Iqulethe izinto ezifana nentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu.
Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba oku kubanzi kangakanani.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zotyando.
Oogqirha benza olu tyando ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nemeko yakho yempilo kunye nohlobo lotyando.
1. Utyando Oluvulekileyo: Oku kuquka ukwenza utyando olukhulu nokuvula isifuba. Le ndlela iyimfuneko kwezinye iintlobo zotyando ezintsonkothileyo.
2. Utyando Olungenabungozi Kakhulu: Le yindlela ephucukileyo ngoku. Endaweni yokusika okukhulu, kwenziwa imingxunya embalwa kakhulu . Ikhamera encinci ifakwa esifubeni ngomngxunya omnye. Emva koko, kufakwa izixhobo ezibhityileyo nezinde ngezinye izigcawu kwaye ugqirha wenza utyando ngelixa ebukele imifanekiso evela kwikhamera. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-"VATS surgery" xa isenziwa esifubeni kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-"laparoscopic surgery" xa isenziwa esiswini. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi zixhobo kunye nekhamera ziqhagamshelwe kwirobhothi, kwaye ugqirha ulawula irobhothi aze enze utyando.
Zeziphi izifo ezinyangwa ngolu tyando?
Olu tyando lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezininzi ezenzeka esifubeni nakwisisu esingaphezulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ii-Aneurysms | Imithambo yegazi ephambili esifubeni iba buthathaka ize idumbe njengebhaluni. Ukuba ayinyangwa, le mithambo yegazi ingaqhuma. |
| Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso | Ukulungisa imingxunya okanye ezinye iziphene entliziyweni eziba nazo ezinye iintsana ekuzalweni. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga | Lawula ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo ngokungaqhelekanga okanye okungahambelaniyo. |
| Ukumelwa yintliziyo | Nceda intliziyo xa ibuthathaka kwaye ingakwazi ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni. |
| Isifo seMitha yeCoronary | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Sonke siyazi ukuba 'utyando lwe-bypass' (CABG) lwenziwa ngenxa yoku. |
| Ukufakelwa intliziyo okanye imiphunga | Ukufakelwa ilungu eliphilileyo endaweni yentliziyo okanye imiphunga engasebenzi kakuhle. |
| Iingxaki zevalvu yentliziyo | Lungisa okanye utshintshe iivalvu ezisentliziyweni xa zingavaleki kakuhle okanye zinciphile. |
| Umhlaza wemiphunga | Ukususwa kweethumba ezinomhlaza emiphungeni ngotyando. |
| IiCysts kwi-thyroid okanye kwi-thymus gland | Ukususwa kweethumba eziqhelekileyo okanye ezinomhlaza kwezi zitho. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya (i-Dysphagia) | Izisombululo zotyando kwezinye iimeko ezenza kube nzima ukuginya ukutya. |
| I-Acid Reflux (GERD) | Utyando lwenziwa xa i-acid esiswini (imeko embi ye-gastritis) ingenakulawuleka ngamayeza. |
Loluphi utyando oludla ngokwenziwa? Ngaba olu tyando lunzulu?
Kukho utyando lwesifuba oluqhelekileyo oluphindwe kabini eSri Lanka, nasemhlabeni jikelele.
1. I-Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Le yi-"bypass" esiyaziyo sonke. Lolona tyando lwentliziyo oluqhelekileyo olwenziwayo ehlabathini.
2. Utyando lokususa inxalenye (i-lobe) yomphunga: Olu lutyando lokususa inxalenye (i-lobe) yomphunga. Ludla ngokwenziwa kwiimeko ezifana nomhlaza wemiphunga.
Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, ngaba olu tyando lunzulu? Ewe, eneneni, uninzi lotyando lwesifuba lunzima kakhulu. Isizathu soku kukuba, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, intliziyo nemiphunga zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemizimba yethu.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha kukuba olu tyando lwenziwa liqela elikhulu lezonyango, kuquka oogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye neengcali zokubulala iintlungu, ngenjongo yokukunika iziphumo ezilungileyo kangangoko. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubathemba.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando? Silungiselela njani?
Kukho ixesha elithile ngaphambi kotyando apho uhlolwa kakuhle khona. Oku kwenzelwa ukubona ukuba umzimba wakho uza kukwazi ukumelana notyando.
- Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo: Izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lomchamo zenzelwa wonke umntu.
- Kwiinkqubo zotyando ezinxulumene nentliziyo: I-ECG, uvavanyo lwe-Echo, kunye ne-angiograms zingenziwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Kwimiphunga: Kuza kwenziwa ii-X-ray zesifuba, ii-CT scans, njl.njl.. Uya kunikwa novavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Pulmonary function tests" ukuze ubone ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na. Ngamanye amaxesha iqhekeza elincinci lethishu lingafuneka lithathwe kwimiphunga yakho ukuze livavanywe (``Biopsy``).
Ugqirha uceba utyando lwakho ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zazo zonke ezi mvavanyo.
Nantsi into ekufuneka uyilungiselele:
Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukulungiselela kwakho ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpumelelo yotyando.
- Xelela ugqirha wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo (leyo uyinikwe ngugqirha kunye naleyo uyithengileyo kwikhemesti, kwaneentlungu zokuphelisa iintlungu kunye neevithamini).
- Ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi) kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando lwakho. Ungaze uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
- Oku kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uyeke ukutshaya ubuncinane inyanga ngaphambi kotyando lwemiphunga. Kufunyaniswe ukuba ukuba awutshayi inyanga emva kotyando, unokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinxulumene namanxeba ngesiqingatha.
- Ufanele uyeke ukutya nokusela ngobusuku bangaphambi kotyando okanye ngexesha ugqirha wakho akuxelele ngalo.
- Yenza isicwangciso sokuchacha kwakho. Lungiselela kwangaphambili ukuba umntu abuye ekhaya evela esibhedlele kunye nomntu oza kukunceda kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba ufikile ekhaya. Kukwangumbono omhle ukulungiselela ukutya kwangaphambili uze ukugcine efrijini.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?
Emva kokuba usiwe kwigumbi lotyando, ingcali yokubulala iintlungu iza kukunika amayeza nge-cannula ukuze ikulale ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, kuza kufakwa ityhubhu ukuze ikuncede uphefumle. Ngexesha lotyando olukhulu lwentliziyo, umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-"heart-lung machine" uya kuthatha umsebenzi wentliziyo yakho kunye nemiphunga ngexesha lotyando.
Emva koko ugqirha wotyando:
1. Njengoko bekucwangcisiwe, ukusikwa okufunekayo kwenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela evulekileyo okanye engaphantsi kakhulu. Isifuba singavulwa ngokwenza ukusikwa ecaleni kwe-sternum (sternotomy) okanye phakathi kweembambo ezimbini (thoracotomy).
2. Isitho esinengxaki siyalungiswa, sisuswe, okanye sityalwe esitsha.
3. Jonga ngononophelo ukuba akukho nakuphi na ukopha.
4. Ekugqibeleni, zonke izisikelo zivaliwe.
Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, uza kuvuka ukwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU) okanye kwigumbi lokuchacha.
- Wakuba uqalile ukuphefumla kakuhle, umbhobho wokuphefumla uza kususwa.
- Imisele enye okanye ezingaphezulu zesifuba zingafakwa ukuze kukhutshwe ulwelo esifubeni. I-catheter ingafakwa ukuze kuqokelelwe umchamo.
- Xa imeko yakho izinzile, uza kudluliselwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uphume ebhedini uze uqale ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ngoncedo lwabahlengikazi. Baza kukufundisa nokuzilolonga kokuphefumla okuya kunceda imiphunga yakho ikhule kwakhona.
- Ungagoduka wakuba ufezekisile iinjongo ezibekwe ngugqirha wakho (ezifana nokuhamba kakuhle, ukulawula iintlungu). Oku kudla ngokuthatha malunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezili-10, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Oku kuyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kutyando olwenzileyo. Utyando olungenabungozi kangako lunokuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha inyanga okanye ngaphezulu ukuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo emva kotyando oluvulekileyo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, awuyi kuvunyelwa ukuqhuba kangangenyanga emva kotyando. Uya kucelwa nokuba unciphise ukuphakamisa iintsimbi kangangeeveki ezi-6.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi zezi tyando?
Eyona nzuzo iphambili kukuba olu tyando lunokusindisa ubomi bakho okanye lwandise ubomi bakho. Lunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho ngokuphucula ukusebenza kwentliziyo okanye imiphunga yakho. Lunokunceda kwizinto ezifana nobunzima bokuginya kwaye lwenze ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube lula.
Njengalo naluphi na utyando, olu tyando lunemingcipheko ethile.
- Iintsholongwane, ingakumbi i-pneumonia.
- Ukuwa kwemiphunga.
- Amahlwili egazi.
- Uxinzelelo.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
- Isifo sentliziyo.
- Ukudumba kwepulmonary.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela kakuhle ezi ngozi ngaphambi kokuba utyando.
Iimeko apho kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko
Ukuba ufumanisa ezi mpawu emva kokubuyela ekhaya, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukopha okanye ubomvu obuphuma enxebeni.
- Inxeba lidumbile kwaye libomvu.
- Umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lwesifuba aluyonto eyenziwa entliziyweni kuphela. Lungenziwa nakweyiphi na ilungu esifubeni, kuquka imiphunga kunye ne-trachea.
- Ngoku, ngenxa yokuba ubuchwepheshe buhambele phambili, kukho iindlela zotyando ezingangenisi kakhulu ezenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci endaweni yokusikwa okukhulu.
- Ukulungiselela kakuhle utyando, ingakumbi ukuyeka ukutshaya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze ufumane iziphumo eziphumelelayo.
- Ixesha lokuchacha linokuba lide kancinci, kwaye kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha kanye ngeli xesha.
- Zive ukhululekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo malunga notyando lwakho, iingozi zalo, kunye nexesha lokuchacha. Kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe ukwazi yonke into ngokucacileyo.
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