Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo, mhlawumbi uhlala uzibuza ukuba yonke into ilungile na ngomntwana wakho. Ngalo lonke ixesha xa uskena, uziva unexhala. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngokungalindelekanga, iskena sityhila ukuba umntwana wakho unesiphene sokuzalwa. Kunzima ukuchaza intlungu noloyiko oluvayo ngexesha elinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza aphucukile kakhulu namhlanje. Ubusazi ukuba ungayilungisa ingxaki ngokwenza utyando ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba umntwana azalwe? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'Fetal Surgery'.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni utyando lwe-Fetal?
Utyando losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, ngokufutshane, lutyando olwenziwa kusana ngelixa lusakhula ngaphakathi kwesibeleko sakho. Abanye oogqirha balubiza ngokuba lutyando lokukhulelwa. Lubandakanya ukungenelela nokunyanga ingxaki enokuba yingozi kubomi okanye ibangele ukukhubazeka okukhulu kusana emva kokuzalwa. Ithemba kukusindisa ubomi bosana okanye ukwandisa amathuba omntwana okuphila ubomi obusempilweni nobunemveliso emva kokuzalwa.
Kukweziphi iimeko apho olu hlobo lotyando lufunekayo?
Olu hlobo lotyando alwenziwa kuzo zonke iziphene zokuzalwa. Lwenziwa kuphela kwiimeko ezinzulu kakhulu, ezikhethekileyo. Cinga ngale ndlela.
- Ukuba kukho ingozi ekhawulezileyo kubomi bomntwana: Umzekelo, khawucinge ukuba kukho ithumba elikhulu (ukukhubazeka kwemiphunga) eliye lenzeka emaphashini omntwana, elicinezela intliziyo encinci yomntwana. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, umntwana unokuba nesifo sentliziyo esesesibelekweni, nto leyo enokuba yingozi kubomi bakhe. Kwimeko enjalo, oogqirha banokwenza utyando lokususa ithumba lisesesibelekweni.
- Ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka emva kokuzalwa: Kukho ezinye iimeko ezingasongeli ubomi bomntwana ngoko nangoko, kodwa zinokubangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu emva kokuzalwa. Umzekelo omhle yi -spina bifida, imeko yomgogodla apho umqolo womntwana ungavaleki kakuhle. Oku kungonakalisa imithambo-luvo, kwenze kube nzima kumntwana ukuhamba okanye ukulawula amathumbu akhe kunye nesinyi emva kokuzalwa. Ukuba olu tyando lwenziwa ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni, lunokunciphisa ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo kwaye lunike umntwana ubomi obungcono emva kokuzalwa.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba isigqibo sokwenza olu tyando senziwe ngononophelo olukhulu, emva kokuqwalasela izinto ezininzi malunga nempilo kamama nomntwana.
Ngubani owenza olu hlobo lotyando?
Olu asilotyando nje kuphela. Lufuna iqela elikhulu loogqirha abaziingcali. Lufana neqela lamaqhawekazi. Eli qela lidla ngokuquka:
- Oogqirha Babantwana: Aba ngabalinganiswa abaphambili. Bafumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokwenza utyando kwiintsana emva kokuba zizelwe, nokuba zingaphakathi esibelekweni.
- Iingcali zonyango loomama nosana: Ezi ziingcali ezigxile kwiingxaki ezenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Zijonga impilo kamama nomntwana.
- Iingcali zokubulala iintlungu: Abantu abafumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekulawuleni i-anesthesia (ukwenza ingqondo ingasebenzi kakuhle) kumama nakumntwana.
- Iingcali zentliziyo ezingekazalwa: Abo bajonga ngokukodwa ukusebenza kwentliziyo yomntwana.
- Iingcali Zokufota Imifanekiso Yemveku: Abo basebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound kunye ne-MRI obuphezulu ukunika oogqirha umfanekiso ocacileyo wemeko yomntwana.
Wonke umntu usebenzisana ukuze olu tyando lunzima lube yimpumelelo.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zotyando losana olungekazalwa?
Oogqirha baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza olu tyando. Indlela eza kusetyenziswa ithathwa ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nemeko yomntwana kunye nempilo kamama. Makhe sijonge iindlela eziphambili.
| Indlela yotyando | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Utyando oluvulekileyo losana olungekazalwa | Kule meko, umama unikwa i-anesthesia jikelele. Emva koko, ugqirha usika isisu sikamama aze asuse isibeleko. Emva koko, isibeleko naso siyasikwa kancinci aze umntwana anyangwe. Kodwa umntwana akasuswa ngokupheleleyo esibelekweni. Xa utyando lugqityiwe, isibeleko nesisu zithungwa ngononophelo. Emva koko, ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka. |
| Utyando lwe-Fetoscopic | Oku kufana 'notyando lwe-keyhole'. Endaweni yokwenza umngxuma omkhulu, kwenziwa imingxunya embalwa kakhulu esiswini nasesibelekweni. Ngale mingxunya, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera encinci eqhotyoshelwe kuyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-fetoscope. Ngokusekelwe kwimifanekiso evela kwikhamera, ugqirha usebenzisa izixhobo ezincinci ezifakwe kwezinye imingxunya ukwenza utyando. Oku akumkhathazi kangako umama. |
| Utyando olwenziwe ngexesha lokubeleka (Inkqubo yokuPhuma) | Le yinkqubo ekhethekileyo kakhulu. I-EXIT imele i-Ex-utero Intrapartum Treatment. Oku kwenziwa ukuba kukho into efana nethumba elikhulu entanyeni yomntwana, okanye ukuba kukho ukuvaleka kwendlela yomoya. Kule meko, isibeleko sivuleka njenge-cesarean section (C-section), kwaye kuphela intloko namagxa omntwana akhutshwayo. Kodwa i-umbilical cord ayinqunyulwa. Ekubeni umntwana esaqhagamshelwe kwi-placenta, ufumana ioksijini kumama. Okwangoku, oogqirha balungiselela indlela yomoya yomntwana baze bamenze akwazi ukuphefumla yedwa. Kuphela emva koko i-umbilical cord iyanqunyulwa kwaye umntwana ukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo. |
Zeziphi iimeko ezinyangwa ngolu tyando?
- I-Spine Bifida/Myelomeningocele: Isiphene sokuzalwa somnqonqo.
- Ukukhubazeka kweMiphunga ezalwa nayo: Iithumba okanye ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwimiphunga.
- I-Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH): Izitho zesisu ziphuma zingene esifubeni.
- Iingxaki zeMonochorionic Twin: Iimeko ezifana neTwin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome ezenzeka kumawele abelana ngeplacenta enye.
- I-Sacrococcygeal Teratoma (SCT): Ithumba elikhulu elikhula ezantsi komqolo womntwana.
- I-Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS): Imeko apho indlela yomoya yomntwana ivalekile ukususela ekuzalweni.
- Ukuvaleka kweendlela zomchamo ezisezantsi (LUTO): Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo yomntwana.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nasemva kotyando?
Ngaphambi kotyando
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe enenye yezi ngxaki, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukujonga ngokusondeleyo wena nomntwana wakho. Baza kukuchazela ngokucacileyo ngemeko yomntwana wakho, ubunzima bayo, kunye neendlela zonyango ezikhoyo. Eli lixesha elinzima kakhulu kuwe nakusapho lwakho. Ke ngoko, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kusebenzisana nawe ukukunceda uthathe isigqibo ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwo wonke umntu.
Emva kotyando
Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando. Ngeli xesha, iqela lezonyango liya kuqhubeka nokukujonga wena nomntwana wakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuzala ngaphambi kwexesha kunokufuneka. Kwakhona, ukuba olu hlobo lotyando lwenziwe, umntwana uya kuzalwa ngotyando olucwangcisiweyo. Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, umntwana usenokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengozi?
Njengalo naluphi na utyando, olu lunezibonelelo kunye neengozi. Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olupheleleyo ngazo zombini ezi ntlobo zotyando ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.
| Iinzuzo | Iingozi |
|---|---|
| Iingenelo zomntwana | |
| Olu tyando ludla ngokwenziwa ukuze kusindiswe ubomi bomntwana . Kwiimeko ezifana ne-Spine Bifida, utyando lwasekuqaleni lunokunciphisa umonakalo wemithambo-luvo, nto leyo enokunceda umntwana akwazi ukuhamba aze alawule isinyi sakhe emva kokuzalwa. | |
| Iingozi kumama nomntwana | |
Iingozi kumama:
| Iingozi ezinokubakho kumntwana:
|
Xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unesiphene sokuzalwa, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uxinezelekile, ulusizi, kwaye usoyika. Ukwenza izigqibo kunokuba nzima ngamanye amaxesha. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa. Ugqirha wakho kunye neqela lezonyango bakhona ukukunceda. Banokukunika lonke ulwazi oludingayo kwaye bakukhokele ukuze wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo kuwe nakumntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lwe-Fetal lutyando olukhethekileyo olwenziwa ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Oku kwenzelwa ukusindisa ubomi bomntwana okanye ukunciphisa ukukhubazeka okukhulu.
- Oku akuyonto eyenziwa kuzo zonke iziphene zokuzalwa. Kwenziwa kuphela kwiimeko ezinzulu kakhulu nezikhethiweyo.
- Oku kufuna inkxaso yeqela lezonyango elinolwazi oluphezulu.
- Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili, kuquka utyando oluvulekileyo, utyando lwe-keyhole (fetoscopic), kunye notyando olwenziwa ngexesha lokuzalwa (EXIT).
- Olu tyando luneengenelo zalo, kodwa lukwanomngcipheko kumama nakumntwana. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
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