Khawuthelekelele ukuba imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu wonke ifana nothungelwano lweendlela kwisixeko. Kukule mizila apho igazi lihamba khona, lithwele ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo kwiseli nganye emzimbeni wethu. Xa yonke into ihamba kakuhle, olu hambo lwenzeka ngaphandle kwemiqobo. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ngequbuliso umqobo omkhulu, njengelitye elikhulu, uvale le ndlela iphambili? Imoto iyema ngokupheleleyo, akunjalo? Kwenzeka into efanayo ukuba ihlwili legazi (i-thrombus) lenzeka kwenye yemithambo yethu yegazi. Oku kuyekisa ukuhamba kwegazi, kubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwilungu elinikezelwa yiloo mthambo, kwaye kunokuba yingozi kubomi. Namhlanje sithetha ngotyando olukhethekileyo olwenziwayo ukusindisa ubomi kwimeko eyingozi kangaka.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iThrombectomy?
I-Thrombectomy yinkqubo yotyando yokususa ihlwili legazi elifakwe kwimithambo yegazi yakho (nokuba yimithambo yegazi okanye umthambo). Kufana nokususa ihlwili kumbhobho wamanzi uze uphinde uphume. Injongo ephambili yolu tyando kukubuyisela ukuhamba kwegazi okuqhelekileyo okuvalwe yihlwili legazi.
La mahlwili egazi anokwakheka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emizimbeni yethu. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Emilenzeni
- Ezandleni
- Amathumbu
- Engqondweni
- Emiphungeni
- Entliziyweni
Ngamanye amaxesha olu tyando kufuneka lwenziwe kwiiyure ezimbalwa, kuba ukuba alwenziwanga kakuhle, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokulahlekelwa lilungu okanye ubomi.
Ngubani ngokwenene odinga olu tyando?
Ukuba unehlwili legazi, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala azame ukulinyanga ngamayeza. Umzekelo, unganikwa amayeza okuthintela ukugabha kwegazi okanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba la mayeza awawulawuli uqhekeko lwegazi, okanye ukuba ihlwili likhulu kwaye kwimeko engxamisekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni enze i-thrombectomy.
Izizathu eziphambili zokwenza olu tyando zezi:
- Thintela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi: Ukuba ihlwili legazi lenzeka kumthambo omkhulu wegazi oya engqondweni okanye entliziyweni, linokuba yingozi.
- Nqanda ukonakala kwamalungu omzimba ngonaphakade: Ukuba igazi eliya engalweni okanye emlenzeni linqanyuliwe, izicwili ezikwelo lungu ziya kuqala ukufa. Ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi akubuyiselwanga ngokukhawuleza, ilungu lisenokungasebenzi okanye kufuneke linqunyulwe.
- Thintela i-embolus: Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi elenziwe kwindawo ethile liqhekeka, lihamba negazi, lize linamathele kwenye indawo yomzimba, umzekelo, emiphungeni. Le yimeko enobungozi kakhulu.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izizathu zokuba kungabikho utyando lwe-thrombectomy?
Ewe, ayinguye wonke umntu onokwenza olu tyando. Kwezinye iimeko, umonakalo wokwenza oku unokuba ngaphezulu kuneenzuzo. Ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni angalwenzi olu tyando:
- Ukuba ihlwili legazi likwindawo ekunzima kakhulu ukuyifikelela ngotyando.
- Ukuba ihlwili legazi likwimithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu , ukufaka izixhobo kwindawo enjalo yokususa ihlwili kunokonakalisa umthambo ngokwawo.
- Ukuba ungakwazi ukulawula ukujiya kwegazi lakho kakuhle ngamayeza .
- Ukuba unesifo segazi esele sikhona.
- Ukuba kukho ukopha ngaphakathi kwengqondo (i-intracranial hemorrhage) .
- Ukuba une- high blood pressure leyo ayinakulawulwa nokuba usebenzisa amayeza.
- Ukuba ihlwili legazi lingaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-30 ubudala kwaye lihlala ixesha elide .
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngugqirha kuphela ohlola imeko yakho yempilo onokugqiba ukuba ufuna i-thrombectomy okanye akunjalo.
Iimeko eziphambili ezinyangwa nge-thrombectomy
Olu tyando lusetyenziselwa iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Imeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Ukwakheka kwehlwili legazi emthanjeni ongaphakathi emzimbeni (ngokufuthi emlenzeni). |
| Ischemia yeZitho eziLungileyo | Ukuvaleka ngequbuliso yi-blood clot yomthambo ohambisa igazi engalweni okanye emlenzeni. |
| Istroke | Ukonakala kwenxalenye yengqondo ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwegazi okuvalela umthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi engqondweni. |
| Uhlaselo lwentliziyo (i-Myocardial Infarction) | Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yentliziyo ehambisa igazi entliziyweni ngehlwili legazi. |
| Ukubethelwa kweMiphunga | Ihlwili legazi elenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni (ngokuqhelekileyo emlenzeni) liyaqhekeka lize lihlale emthanjeni osemaphashini. |
| I-Acute Mesenteric Ischemia | Ukuvaleka ngequbuliso komthambo ohambisa igazi emathunjini. |
Ziziphi iintlobo zotyando lwe-thrombectomy?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza olu tyando. Makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini.
| Utyando / Utyando lweThrombectomy oluVulekileyo | I-Thrombectomy engaphakathi kwesikhumba / engaphantsi kakhulu |
|---|---|
| Kule meko, ugqirha usika ulusu phezu komthambo apho kukho ihlwili legazi, avule umthambo wegazi, aze asuse ihlwili legazi ngqo. Ngokukodwa, umthambo wegazi uyasikwa, kufakwa isixhobo esincinci esifana nebhaluni kuwo, kwaye ihlwili legazi liyakhutshwa. Emva koko umthambo uthungwa ndawonye. | Oku akubandakanyi ukunqunyulwa okukhulu. Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci eluswini, kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu encinci kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter kwimithambo yegazi. Emva koko, kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuthatha imifanekiso ezifana ne-X-ray, le tyhubhu ikhokelwa kwindawo apho igazi liqhekeke khona. Apho, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukuqhekeza ihlwili legazi libe ziingceba okanye ukulifunxa njenge-vacuum cleaner. |
| Oku kudla ngokwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo. | Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngokunika isigulana isithomalalisi (isithomalalisi). Akukho mfuneko yokubulala iintlungu ezinkulu. |
Yintoni omele uyenze ngaphambi kotyando?
Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenziwa njengotyando olungxamisekileyo, ngoko usenokungabi naxesha lokulungiselela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba lutyando olucwangcisiweyo, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela oku kulandelayo:
- Uvavanyo lokuthatha imifanekiso: Banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana ne -ultrasound, i-MRI, okanye i-CT scan ukuze babone ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nendawo apho igazi liqhekeka khona.
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya: Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, kufuneka uyeke ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kotyando. Ukutshaya kunokubangela iingxaki emva kotyando.
- Ukuyeka amayeza athile: Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo, kuquka iivithamini kunye namayeza esintu. Usenokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi (i-anticoagulants) kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?
Le nkqubo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenzayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu kunye nendawo apho igazi liqhekeka khona, inkqubo ingathatha iyure okanye iiyure ezininzi. Ngokubanzi, nantsi into eyenzekayo:
1. I-Anesthesia/Ukubulala iintlungu: I-Anesthesia okanye i-sedative iya kufakwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho ukuze ungeva ntlungu.
2. Ukusikwa/ukubhoboza: Kutyando oluthe ngqo, ulusu luyasikwa apho kukho khona umthambo wegazi. Kwindlela yokusikwa okuncinci, kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci odlula eluswini uye emthanjeni.
3. Ukucoca igazi (Indlela yokulivula): I-cannula (i-catheter) kunye neentambo zifakwa emthanjeni ngomngxuma zize zikhokelwe kwindawo apho igazi liqhekekileyo khona ngelixa ujonga i-scan.
4. Ukususa ihlwili legazi: Kwityando elithe ngqo, ihlwili likhutshwa ngebhaluni. Ngezinye iindlela, ihlwili liyatyunyuzwa, linyibilikiswe, okanye lifunxwe ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
5. Ukuvalwa: Kwityando ngqo, umthambo wegazi osikiweyo kunye nolusu zithungwa ndawonye. Kwelinye indlela, i-cannula iyasuswa kwaye umngxuma uvalwe nge-clamp okanye kusetyenziswa isixhobo esikhethekileyo (isixhobo sokuvala imithambo yegazi) ukuvala umngxuma.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Kwaye zithini iingozi?
Emva kotyando, uza kusiwa kwigumbi lokujonga kwaye iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo (uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukubetha kwentliziyo, njl.njl.) ziya kuhlolwa ngokusondeleyo. Abanye abantu banokuya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye. Kodwa abanye abantu kuya kufuneka bahlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa. Kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho.
Endleleni yakho eya ekhaya, ugqirha uza kukuxelela ngezi zinto:
- Indlela yokunyamekela indlela yokusika.
- Amayeza okufuneka uwasebenzise nokungafanele uwasebenzise.
- Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo ungaphinda uqalise nini?
Njengazo zonke iintlobo zotyando, i-thrombectomy ineengozi ezithile, kodwa ezi ngozi zihlala zincinci xa zithelekiswa nomonakalo obangelwa kukuba ne-blood clot.
Makhe sijonge iingenelo kunye neengozi eziphambili.
| Iinzuzo | Iingozi |
|---|---|
| Ukukwazi ukusindisa ubomi. | Ukonakala komthambo wegazi okanye ukucutheka kwawo (stenosis). |
| Ukuthintela ukulahlekelwa lilungu, njengengalo okanye umlenze. | Ukopha kakhulu. |
| Ukunciphisa umonakalo engqondweni obangelwa zizifo ezifana nokukhubazeka. | Ukuqokelelana kwegazi phantsi kolusu (iHematoma). |
| Buyisela ngokukhawuleza ukujikeleza kwegazi kwaye uyeke ukonakala kwamalungu omzimba. | Iimeko ezibangela usulelo. |
| Ihlwili legazi liyaqhekeka lize libambeke emiphungeni (pulmonary embolism). | |
| Elinye ihlwili legazi. |
Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifuna ukutyelela ugqirha
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya emva kotyando, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa . Okanye, yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ukopha: Ukuba kukho ukopha kwindawo yotyando.
- Intlungu yesifuba: Ukuba ngequbuliso uziva iintlungu zesifuba okanye ukuxinana.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla): Ukuba ngequbuliso ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukudideka: Ukuba uziva unesizungu okanye unentloko ebuhlungu, okanye ukuba uziva ngathi ulahlekelwa zingqondo.
- Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukulahleka kokulinganisela: Ukuba uziva unesiyezi kwaye unengxaki yokuhamba.
- Umkhuhlane: Ukuba unomkhuhlane, usenokuba luphawu losulelo.
- Intlungu, ukudumba, okanye ukuba ndindisholo kwiingalo okanye emilenzeni.
- Kuphuma ulwelo olufana nobovu kwindawo etyumkileyo.
Ezi mpawu zinokuba luphawu lwengxaki enkulu, ngoko ke musa ukuzityeshela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lweThrombectomy lunyango olubalulekileyo nolusindisa ubomi olususa ngotyando ihlwili legazi elibambeke kwimithambo yegazi.
- Ayizizo zonke iihlwili zegazi ezifuna olu tyando. Uninzi lunokunyangeka ngamayeza. Olu tyando lwenziwa kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo nezinzima.
- Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza olu tyando (utyando oluthe ngqo kunye notyando olungenalo utyando kakhulu). Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha (amayeza, utshintsho lwendlela yokuphila) ngokuchanekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi kwakhona emva kotyando.
- Qaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezinokwenzeka emva kotyando. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezinjalo ezibonakala, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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