Ngaba umntwana wakho unxaniwe kakhulu ngequbuliso kwaye uchama rhoqo? Ngaba uqalise ukumanzisa ibhedi ebusuku? Okanye uncipha umzimba nangona esitya kakuhle? Musa ukuzithatha njengeziqhelekileyo ezi zinto. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Type 1 Diabetes. Esi sisifo sobomi bonke esinokuchaphazela abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala abaselula, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha abantu abadala. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngaso ngokweenkcukacha.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1?
Isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 sisifo esibangelwa yingxaki kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngokuchanekileyo, sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba . Ngokwesiqhelo, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ilwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo. Kodwa kule meko, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ayisebenzi kakuhle ize iqalise ukutshabalalisa iiseli kwipancreas zethu ezenza i-hormone i-insulin.
Cinga nge-insulin njengesitshixo esivula iingcango zeeseli emzimbeni wethu. Ukuze iswekile (iglucose) ekutyeni esikutyayo ingene kwiiseli njengamandla, esi sitshixo se-insulin siyimfuneko kakhulu. Ngoko ke xa ezo seli zitshatyalalisiwe, ukuveliswa kwe-insulin kuyeka ngokupheleleyo. Okwenzekayo kukuba iswekile egazini ayinakungena kwiiseli kwaye iqokelelana egazini. Oku sikubiza ngokuba lizinga eliphezulu leswekile egazini (i-hyperglycemia). Ukuba oku akulawulwa, kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni.
Esi asisosifo esibangelwa yimpazamo yakho okanye yomntwana wakho. Izinto ezifana noko ukutyayo nokuselayo, indlela yokuphila, njl. azinampembelelo koku. Le yingxaki eyenzeka emzimbeni ngokwawo.
Zithini iimpawu zesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1? Uzibona njani?
Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala kancinci kancinci kwaye zinokuba nzima kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa. Ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho unezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukoma okugqithisileyo | Ukuziva ngathi awufumani manzi aneleyo nokuba sele uwasele, kwaye umlomo wakho womile ngalo lonke ixesha. |
| Ukuchama rhoqo | Amanabukeni abantwana abancinci ahlala egcwele. Abantwana ababengaqhelanga ukumanzisa ibhedi ebusuku baqala ukumanzisa ibhedi. |
| Indlala enkulu | Ukulamba ngokukhawuleza nangona sele utyile. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukunciphisa umzimba nangona usitya kakuhle. |
| Ukudinwa nokudinwa | Ndisoloko ndiziva ndidiniwe nangona ndingenzanga nto. |
| Umbono ofipheleyo | Ukuziva ngathi umbono wakho awucacanga. |
| Ukuphola kwenxeba okulibazisekileyo | Nokuba inxeba elincinci okanye ukukrweleka kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphola. |
| Usulelo lwemvubelo yesini kubafazi | Ukurhawuzelelwa rhoqo sisini kunye nosulelo. |
| Iimpawu ezingxamisekileyo (imeko ye-DKA) - Ukuba zikhona, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza! | |
| Ivumba elimnandi leziqhamo emlonyeni | Umoya onuka njengesixhobo sokususa ipolishi yeenzipho. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Ukucaphuka rhoqo kunye nokuhlanza. |
| Isisu esibuhlungu | Intlungu ebuhlungu esiswini ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza | Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla. |
| Ukudideka kunye nokulala kakhulu | Ukungaqikeleli kunye nokudinwa kakhulu. |
Ezi mpawu zongxamiseko zibonisa imeko esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yiDiabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA). Ukuba ubona into efana nale, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Yintoni unobangela?
Izazinzulu azikayazi eyona nto ibangela isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, kodwa zikholelwa ukuba sibangelwa yindibaniselwano yemfuza kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo .
Ngamafutshane, umntu usenokuba nesifo esibangelwa yimfuza. Emva koko, intsholongwane okanye into ethile ekwindalo inokubangela ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba iqalise olo hlaselo lungafanelekanga.
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onale sifo, umngcipheko wokuba abanye basifumane uphezulu kancinci.
- Ukuba akukho mntu unaso kusapho, umngcipheko umalunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-250.
- Ukuba umama unayo, umngcipheko uphakathi komntu omnye kwabangama-25 kunye nomntu omnye kwabayi-100.
- Ukuba utata unayo, umngcipheko ngu-1 kwi-17.
- Ukuba bobabini abazali banayo, umngcipheko unokuba phakathi komntu omnye kwabalishumi kunye nomntu omnye kwabane.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1?
Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini angalawulekiyo ixesha elide anokonakalisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka:
- Iingxaki zamehlo: izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa kukubona (i-retinopathy), i-cataracts.
- Iingxaki zeenyawo: Ukuba ndindisholo emilenzeni, amanxeba angapholiyo aze abe mandundu.
- Isifo sentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Isifo sezintso: Ukonakala kwezintso ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo (i-Neuropathies): Izinto ezinje ngokuba ndindisholo nokurhawuzelela kwamalungu omzimba.
- Izifo zesikhumba: Ulusu olomileyo, usulelo oluqhelekileyo.
- Umngcipheko okhulayo wesifo sohlangothi .
Endaweni yokoyika ezi zinto, khumbula ukuba ungazikhusela phantse kuzo zonke ezi ngxaki ngokulawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho kakuhle. Kwakhona, ukuphila nesi sifo kunokubangela uxinzelelo kunye nokudakumba. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukunyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo kunye nempilo yakho yomzimba . Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo?
Ukuchonga isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 kudla ngokuba lula. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza olu vavanyo:
- Uvavanyo lweglucose egazini: Xa isifo sifunyenwe, inqanaba leswekile lidla ngokuba phezulu kakhulu.
- Uvavanyo lwe-A1c (uvavanyo lwe-Glycosylated hemoglobin): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa inqanaba lakho eliqhelekileyo leswekile egazini kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-antibody: Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 okanye uhlobo lwesibini. Ukuba ii-autoantibodies ezinxulumene nesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 zikhona egazini, kuqinisekiswa ukuba sisifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1.
Ukongeza, ungenza izinto ezifana novavanyo lomchamo ukujonga ii-ketones kumchamo.
Iphathwa kwaye ilawulwa njani?
Ukuphila nesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 kuthetha ukuba kufuneka uthathe i-insulin yonke imihla ukuze uphile. Oku akunakukwenziwa ngepilisi. I-insulin isindisa ubomi kwaba baguli. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini ekwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.
Oku akuyonto ekufuneka uyenze wedwa. Iqela le-endocrinologist kunye neqela lesifo seswekile linokukunceda. Kodwa kufuneka wenze izigqibo yonke imihla. Kukho iinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili zolawulo:
1. Unyango lwe-insulin
2. Ukubeka iliso kwi-glucose
3. Imfundo Efunekayo Nokuqonda (Imfundo)
Iindlela zokuthatha i-insulin
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-insulin. Ziyahluka ngendlela ezisebenza ngayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nexesha ezihlala ngalo emzimbeni. Kusenokufuneka usebenzise iintlobo ezingaphezu kwesinye. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokufumana i-insulin:
- Iinaliti ezininzi zemihla ngemihla (MDI): Ukujova i-insulin kumaleko wamafutha phantsi kolusu izihlandlo ezininzi ngemini usebenzisa isirinji.
- Ipeni ye-Insulin: Esi sisixhobo esifana nepeni esiza sizaliswe yi-insulin. Kulula ukusisebenzisa kuneenaliti.
- Ipompo ye-insulin: Esi sisixhobo esincinci esihambisa i-insulin emzimbeni ngomlinganiselo ofunekayo imini yonke ngetyhubhu encinci ebekwe phantsi kolusu.
- I-insulin ephefumliweyo:Kukwakho nohlobo lwe-insulin olufuthwa ngomlomo, olufana nolwe-inhaler olusetyenziswa zizigulana ze-asthma.
Ubungakanani be-insulin oyifunayo bunokutshintsha imihla ngemihla, ngokweminyaka, xa uqala ukugula, okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ukubeka iliso kumanqanaba eswekile
Kufuneka uqaphele amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho imini yonke.
- Imitha yeglucose yegazi: Sisixhobo esilinganisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini ngokuthatha ithontsi elincinci legazi kwincam yomunwe.
- I-CGM (Ukubeka esweni iGlucose ngokuqhubekayo - CGM): Indlela ehlala ilinganisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini rhoqo emva kwemizuzu embalwa isebenzisa isensa encinci efakwe phantsi kwesikhumba ize ithumele idatha kwifowuni yakho okanye kwenye isixhobo. Oku ngoku kufumaneka eSri Lanka.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika inqanaba leswekile egazini ekujoliswe kulo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuzama ukuhlala kuloo nqanaba.
Ngaba esi sifo sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?
Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho nyango lwesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, kodwa izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka nokuphanda iindlela zokuthintela esi sifo okanye ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwaso.
Kwamanye amazwe aphuhlileyo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zonyango lokufakelwa isidoda, kodwa ziyingozi ngakumbi.
- Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-Islet: Ukufakelwa kweeseli ezivelisa i-insulin kuphela.
- Ukufakelwa iPancreas: Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngexesha elinye kwizigulana ezifuna ukufakelwa izintso.
Ezi ziselunyango olusekelwe kuphando olungafumanekiyo kuye wonke umntu kwaye luyingozi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 asikuko into oyenzayo ngenxa yeempazamo zakho okanye indlela otya ngayo. Yingxaki kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Ukuze uphile nale meko, kubalulekile ukuba usele i-insulin ubomi bakho bonke.
- Lumka ngeempawu ezinje ngokunxanwa kakhulu, ukuchama rhoqo, kunye nokwehla kobunzima. Ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukulawula kakuhle amanqanaba eswekile egazini kunokuthintela umonakalo emehlweni, kwizintso, entliziyweni, nakwimithambo-luvo.
- Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uhambe wedwa kolu hambo. Fumana inkxaso kugqirha wakho, kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo bakho. Ngolawulo olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni nobusebenzayo.
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