Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba amehlo abanye abantu makhulu kancinci, ngokungathi ayavuvukala? Okanye amehlo avuvukile kwaye abomvu? Mhlawumbi nawe uziva into efana nale. Enyanisweni, oku kunokuba yinto enzulu kunengxaki yobuhle ebonakala ngaphandle. Ubusazi ukuba oku kunokubangelwa yingxaki ye-thyroid gland emzimbeni wakho? Namhlanje sithetha ngale meko eyenza abantu abaninzi bangakhululeki, kodwa inokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. Isifo Samehlo Se-Thyroid (TED).
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Thyroid Eye Disease (TED)?
Isifo Seliso Se-Thyroid (TED) sisifo apho izicubu ezijikeleze amehlo akho, ezifana nezihlunu kunye neeseli zamafutha, zivuvukala kwaye zidumbe. Oku kubangelwa yingxaki yenkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela. Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yokuzikhusela, efana "nomkhosi" okhusela umzimba wethu kwizifo, ngempazamo iqala ukuhlasela iiseli zayo eziphilileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba.
Kwi-TED, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela i-thyroid gland yakho kunye nezicubu ezijikeleze amehlo akho. Le meko idla ngokubonakala kubantu abanesifo sikaGraves, imeko apho i-thyroid gland isebenza kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha beyibiza ngokuba siSifo Samehlo sikaGraves.
Nangona esi sifo sisifo sokuzikhusela komzimba ubomi bonke, iziphumo emehlweni (TED) zihlala ziphela emva kwexesha elithile kwisigaba esisebenzayo. Esi sigaba sisebenzayo sinokuhlala iminyaka emibini. Ngeli xesha, iimpawu zinokucotha kwaye zinciphe. Uninzi lwabantu aluchaphazeleki kakhulu, kodwa kwabanye, ukuba bukhulu, umonakalo osisigxina ekuboneni nasekuboneni unokwenzeka.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Iimpawu ze-TED zingahluka kumntu nomntu, kodwa kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Ezi zihlala zichaphazela amehlo omabini, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha liliso elinye kuphela elinokuchaphazeleka.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukubonakala kwamehlo (i-Proptosis) | Olu lolona phawu luphambili olubonwa ngabantu abaninzi. Izicubu ezingasemva kwamehlo ziyadumba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iliso lidumbe. |
| Ukungakhululeki kwamehlo kunye nokurhawuzelelwa | Usenokuziva rhoqo izinto ezifana nesanti emehlweni akho, ukuziva urhawuzelelwe, okanye ukuziva urhawuzelelwa. |
| Ukudumba kunye nokubomvu kweenkophe (i-Blepharitis) | Indawo ejikeleze amehlo, ingakumbi iinkophe eziphezulu nezisezantsi, isenokuba idumbile kwaye ibomvu. |
| Amehlo omileyo okanye ukukrazula kakhulu | Amehlo asenokuvakala omile kuba awavali kakuhle. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba usenokukrazula ngakumbi. |
| Uloyiko lokukhanya (i-Photophobia) | Ndiva ngathi amehlo am ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nangona ilanga licimile kwaye izibane zivuliwe. Kunzima ukugcina amehlo am evulekile. |
| Intlungu yamehlo kunye nentloko ebuhlungu | Xa uhambisa amehlo akho, usenokuva intlungu efana noxinzelelo emva kwamehlo akho. |
| Umbono ophindwe kabini/iDiplopia | Njengoko izihlunu zamehlo zidumba, iintshukumo zamehlo omabini azihambelani kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba into enye ibonakale ngathi zimbini. |
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ukuba le meko iba mandundu?
Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lwabantu alubi neengxaki ezinkulu. Emva kokuba inqanaba elisebenzayo lesi sifo liphelile, imbonakalo kunye nombono wamehlo unokubuyela kwisiqhelo kwinqanaba elithile. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukuqhekeka kwezicwili ezijikeleze amehlo kunokwenzeka, okubangela utshintsho oluhlala luhleli.
Utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwinkangeleko
- Ukurhoxa kweenkophe: Iinkophe zitsalwa phezulu, nto leyo eyenza amehlo abonakale makhulu kwaye esoyika.
- Amehlo avele ngaphandle:Leyo ityhalelwa phambili phambi kwamehlo isenokuba yeyokusisigxina.
- Amehlo abhityileyo: Ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo kunokuba yinto engapheliyo.
Utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kumbono
- Umbono ofipheleyo
- Umbono ophindwe kabini
- Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukulahleka ngokupheleleyo kombono: Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Oku kwenzeka xa izicubu ezingasemva kweliso zivuvukala kwaye zicinezela umthambo wokubona. Oku kungxamiseko.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, isizathu esiphambili sale nto yinkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unesitshixo endlwini yakho. Xa ufaka isitshixo esifanelekileyo kuso, ucango luyavuleka. Ngoku khawuthelekelele ukuba isela liza lifake isitshixo sobuxoki esifana neso sitshixo lize livule ucango. Ezinye zezinto ezenza inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (ii-antibodies) ziziphatha ngendlela efanayo neehomoni ze-thyroid kwaye zinamathela kwii-receptors kwi-thyroid gland nakwizicubu ezingasemva kwamehlo. Yingakho oko kuchaphazela i-thyroid gland nako kuchaphazela amehlo.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela le meko:
- Ukuba ngumfazi: Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okufumana esi sifo kunamadoda. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba indoda iyasifumana, amathuba okuba sibe qatha kancinci.
- Amanqanaba e-hormone ye-thyroid angaqhelekanga: Amanqanaba e-hormone ye-thyroid anyukileyo (hyperthyroidism) okanye anciphileyo (hypothyroidism) anokuchaphazela oku.
- Unyango lweRadioiodine: Olu lolona nyango luphambili lwesifo sikaGraves. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, olu nyango lunokuba mandundu okanye lubangele i-TED entsha.
- Ukutshaya: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo enobungozi kwaye unokuyilawula. Abantu abatshayayo nabachanabeka kumsi osetyenziswa ngabanye basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-TED. Kwakhona, ukuba umntu otshayayo unesifo, iimpawu zinokuba nzima kwaye zihlale ixesha elide.
Ukuba une-TED, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuyeka ukutshaya ngoko nangoko ukuba uyatshaya.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Ugqirha wakho unokufumana umbono wale meko ngokujonga amehlo akho (uvavanyo lwamehlo ngokwasemzimbeni). Baza kujonga ngononophelo izinto ezifana nendawo yeenkophe zakho kunye neengqalutye zamehlo akho.
Ukongeza, iimvavanyo ezilandelayo zinokuyalelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokujonga umsebenzi we-thyroid:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi:Ukuvavanya amanqanaba ehomoni ye-thyroid (TSH, T3, T4) kunye namanqanaba ee-antibodies ezichasene ne-thyroid gland.
- Iiskeni zamehlo nge-ultrasound, CT, okanye MRI: Ezi skeni zinokubona ngokucacileyo indlela ezidumbile ngayo izihlunu kunye nezinye izicubu ezingasemva kwamehlo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Uhlobo lonyango olufunekayo luya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba kunye nobunzima besifo sakho. Ngelixa isifo sisebenza, unyango oluxhasayo lusetyenziswa ukulawula iimpawu. Xa isifo siphelile, kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kubuyiselwe umbono kunye nenkangeleko.
Unyango oluxhasayo ngexesha lesifo esisebenzayo
| Indlela yonyango | Kwenzeka ntoni kuyo? |
|---|---|
| Amaconsi Amehlo | Inceda amehlo omileyo, abomvu, nabuhlungu. |
| Izongezo zeSelenium | Ekubeni ukunqongophala kwe-selenium kunokwenza iimpawu zibe mandundu, ukuthatha ezi zongezo phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha kunokunceda. |
| Iiglasi zamehlo zePrism | Ezi glasi zikhethekileyo zinokunxitywa njengesisombululo sexeshana sokubona kabini. |
| Amayeza alawula iihomoni ze-thyroid | Ukuba unezinga eliphezulu le-thyroid hormone ngenxa yesifo sikaGraves, uza kunikwa amayeza afana neMethimazole kunye nePropylthiouracil ukuze ayilawule. |
| Ii-Corticosteroids | Ukuba iimpawu zinzima, ugqirha wakho unokukunika eli yeza (umz., iPrednisolone) okwethutyana elifutshane ukuze kuncitshiswe ngokukhawuleza ukudumba nokudumba. |
| Unyango ngemitha | Imitha ephantsi ijoliswe ngasemva kwamehlo, itshabalalisa iiseli zomzimba ezisebenzayo apho kwaye inciphisa ukudumba. |
Utyando ukuba kuyimfuneko
Utyando ludla ngokwenziwa emva kokuba isigaba esisebenzayo sesi sifo siphelile kwaye imeko izinzile. Kulapho kuphela apho kunokuthi kuchongwe ukuba loluphi utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwinkangeleko nakwimbono oluye lwenzeka.
- Utyando lokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-orbital: Ukuba uxinzelelo olungasemva kweliso luphezulu kakhulu kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokonakala kwe-optic nerve, icandelo elincinci lethambo elijikeleze iliso liyasuswa ukuze kwenziwe isithuba. Olu tyando lwenziwa ukunciphisa ukuphuma kweliso.
- Utyando lwe-eyelid: Olu tyando lwenziwa ukuze kubuyiselwe i-eyelid egobileyo.
- Utyando lwemisipha yamehlo: Ukuba ukubona kabini kuhlala kuhleli, utyando lwenziwa kwimisipha yamehlo ukuze kubuyiselwe intshukumo yamehlo kwimo eqhelekileyo.
- Utyando lwe-thyroid: Ukuba amayeza awakwazi ukulawula amanqanaba e-thyroid hormone, i-thyroid gland inokufuneka isuswe ngotyando.
Ixesha lokubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko
Njengomntu one-TED, kubalulekile ukuhlala uqaphela iimpawu zakho. Ingakumbi ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho embonweni wakho, kufuneka wazise iqela lakho lezonyango ngoko nangoko.
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
- Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba umbono wakho unciphile kwaye awukwazi ukubona macala omabini.
- Ukuba umbala utshintshile (umz., ubomvu bubonakala ngathi yipinki ephanzileyo).
- Ukuba ngequbuliso uva iintlungu eziqatha emehlweni.
Le meko inokuba nefuthe elikhulu ebomini bakho. Ungaziva uxinezelekile ngokweemvakalelo ngenxa yentlungu yamehlo, ukungonwabi, kunye notshintsho kwindlela obonakala ngayo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo neqela lakho lezonyango kwaye ucele inkxaso kusapho nakubahlobo. Ukuba uziva ngathi awufumani nkxaso oyifunayo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo loo nto. Baya kukwazi ukukunika izixhobo ozidingayo ukuxhasa impilo-ntle yakho yengqondo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo Seliso Se-Thyroid (TED) sisifo esibangelwa kukuzimela komzimba esinxulunyaniswa neengxaki ze-thyroid, ingakumbi isifo sikaGraves.
- Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukudumba kwamehlo, ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo, iintlungu, kunye nokubona kabini.
- Ukutshaya kwenza esi sifo sibe sibi kakhulu. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuyeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zoku, kuquka amayeza, unyango lwemitha, kunye notyando. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
- Ukuba ufumana naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo ekuboneni kwakho (ukwehla kobubanzi bokubona, utshintsho lombala) , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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