Ukuletha umntwana ekhaya luvuyo olukhulu. Kodwa kwabanye oomama, kunye nolu vuyo, baqala ukuziva benosizi olukhulu, benesizungu , kwaye besoyika. Bayazibuza, 'Kutheni oku kusenzeka kum? Andingomama olungileyo?' Ukuba uvakalelwa ngolu hlobo, awuwedwa. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu. Le yimeko esiyibiza ngokuba yiPostpartum Depression (PPD) . Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.
Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndine-Postpartum Depression?
Nangona besisazi ngesifo sokudakumba emva kokubeleka ixesha elide, iingcali zithi sidla ngokungafumaneki kakuhle. Kodwa ngoku ekubeni ulwazi luphezulu, oogqirha bakhangela izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko kwangethuba xa besiya ekliniki okokuqala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ukuba usemngciphekweni, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga impilo yakho yengqondo kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Emva kokuba ufumene umntwana, kubalulekile ukuba wena kunye nabantu obathandayo (umyeni, umama, usapho) niqaphele naluphi na utshintsho kwimo yakho okanye iimpawu zokudakumba. Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga oku nakwikliniki yakho yasemva kweeveki ezi-6.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba esi ayisosifo esinokufunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi okanye ngeskeni. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha uza kwenza esi sigqibo ngokukubuza imibuzo embalwa malunga nesimo sakho sengqondo.
Kukho imibuzo emininzi esetyenziswa rhoqo kule njongo.
| Isixhobo Sokuhlola | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Isikali soxinzelelo emva kokubeleka sase-Edinburgh (EPDS) | Le yinto oogqirha abaninzi abayijonga njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuxilonga i-PPD. Kukho iingxelo ezimfutshane ezili-10 apha. Izinto ezifana nokuthi "Ndizive ndixhalabile okanye ndoyika ngaphandle kwesizathu" okanye "Ndinengcinga zokuzenzakalisa." Okufuneka ukwenze kukundixelela ukuba uzive kangaphi ezo zinto kwiveki ephelileyo. |
| Imibuzo emi-2 yezeMpilo yeSigulana (i-PHQ-2) | Olu luvavanyo olusisiseko oluquka imibuzo emibini emifutshane kakhulu. Lubuza ukuba uzive kangakanani "ungenamdla wokwenza izinto" okanye "udanile, ungenathemba" kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo. |
| Imibuzo yezeMpilo yeSigulana eneMibuzo eli-9 (i-PHQ-9) | Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-PHQ-2 olungentla lubonisa ukuba uneempawu zokudakumba, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa olu luhlu lwemibuzo. Baza kubuza ngezinye iimpawu, ezinje ngokutshintsha kwendlela olala ngayo kunye nomdla wokutya, ubunzima bokugxila, kunye nokudinwa. |
Ukongeza kwezi mibuzo, ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza eminye imibuzo ukuze ahlole ubukhali beempawu zakho. Ngokukodwa, baza kukubuza ukuba ngaba unengcinga zokuzilimaza wena okanye umntwana wakho . Baza kuzama nokufumanisa ukuba le yi-PPD okanye yenye imeko, efana ne-"Bipolar Disorder" okanye "Postpartum Psychosis". Basenokujonga namanqanaba ehomoni yakho ye-thyroid. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-"Hypothyroidism" inokubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-PPD.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokudakumba emva kokubeleka?
Ngamanye amaxesha le meko ingaziphucula ngokwayo emva kweenyanga ezi-3 zokuzalwa komntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla , okanye ukuba intlungu ngokubanzi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"baby blues" ihlala iiveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ufune unyango.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba malunga nama-90% abafazi abane-PPD banokuchacha ngempumelelo ngamayeza okanye unyango lwengqondo oludityaniswe namayeza . Kwakhona, ukuthatha inxaxheba kumaqela enkxaso luncedo olukhulu.
Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ze-PPD okanye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Postpartum Psychosis", ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunokufuneka. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu, apho kukho imibono engekho ngqiqweni, ukuphupha izinto ezingaqhelekanga, okanye iingcinga zokuzibulala, unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)" luyasetyenziswa.
Kungcono ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ayinyangwa okanye ilibazisiwe, imeko inokuba mandundu. Iingcali zifumanise nokuba i-PPD enganyangwanga inokuchaphazela abantwana. Abantwana abanjalo banokuba neengxaki zokulala, uphuhliso olungasebenzi kakuhle lwengqondo, ukungazithembi, kunye nomsindo oqhelekileyo.
Amayeza onyango
Izihlandlo ezininzi inyathelo lokuqala kunyango kukujongana neengxaki ezikhawulezileyo ezifana nokulala kunye nomdla wokutya. Amayeza okudakumba asebenza kakhulu koku.
Kodwa, ukuba uncancisa umntwanaUkuba uyawasebenzisa okanye awuwasebenzisi amayeza, kunye nokuba loluphi unyango omawulukhethe, sisigqibo ekufuneka wena nogqirha wakho nisenze ngononophelo olukhulu. Amanye amayeza okudakumba anokudluliselwa kubisi lwebele ngamanani amancinci kakhulu. Kukho impikiswano malunga namanye amayeza, afana ne-`(Lithium)`.
Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze wenze isigqibo emva kokuqonda ngokupheleleyo iingenelo kunye neengozi. Ukuba usela amayeza, kucetyiswa ukuba uwasebenzise rhoqo ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 okanye unyaka ukuthintela ukuba esi sifo singaphindi sibuye.
Kwakhona, ukuba ukhe waba ne-PPD ngaphambili, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba uqalise ukuthatha iipilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa kungekudala emva kokubeleka kwakho okulandelayo okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho.
I-psychotherapy inceda njani?
Unyango lwengqondo, okanye "unyango lokuthetha," lusetyenziswa kwi-PPD, nokuba lodwa okanye ludibene namayeza. Ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kumcebisi ofanelekileyo ogxile kwi-PPD.
Okufuneka ukwenze kukudibana nomcebisi uze uthethe naye ngexesha elithile. Baza kukubuza ngobomi bakho nendlela oziva ngayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela yonke into ngokunyaniseka, ngaphandle kokugweba. Yonke into oyithethayo iyimfihlo phakathi kwakho nomcebisi.
Kolu hlobo lonyango, umcebisi ukufundisa ukutshintsha iingcinga zakho ezimbi kunye nokuziphatha kwakho kwaye ujonge izinto ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ezimbini zezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zonyango ezisetyenziswa kwi-PPD zezi:
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Ngamafutshane, lukunceda ukuchonga nokutshintsha iingcinga eziyingozi nezingalunganga kunye nokuziphatha okuvela kuzo.
- Unyango lokusebenzisana nabantu (IPT): Oku kukunceda ukusombulula ubudlelwane bakho nabantu (ubudlelwane neqabane lakho, usapho, abahlobo) kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa zizo, kwaye ulawule olo budlelwane ngcono.
Izinto onokuzenza xa uhlala ne-PPD
Ngelixa ufumana unyango, ungazinyamekela. Ezi zinto ziya kuba luncedo olukhulu kwinkqubo yakho yokuchacha.
- Zenzele ixesha: Zinike ixesha elincinci yonke imihla. Ukuba nomntwana imini yonke kuyadinisa kakhulu.
- Phuma ngaphandle: Phuma ngaphandle ithutyana yonke imihla. Ubuncinane hambahamba endlwini. Nokuba lolo tshintsho luncinci lunokuba luncedo kakhulu engqondweni yakho.
- Cela uncedo: Musa ukoyika ukucela uncedo kwilungu losapho okanye kumhlobo othembekileyo ngemisebenzi yasekhaya, ukunyamekela abantwana, okanye ukuthetha ngezinto. Musa ukuzama ukwenza yonke into wedwa.
- Ukuzilolonga: Wakuba umzimba wakho uphilile emva kokuba nomntwana, thetha nogqirha wakho uze uqale umthambo ofanelekileyo kuwe. Ukuzilolonga kunceda kakhulu ekuphumzeni ingqondo yakho.
- Amaqela eNkxaso:Yindlela entle yokuthetha nabanye oomama abaye baba namava afanayo. Cinga ngokujoyina iqela loomama abatsha kwindawo okuyo.
Masifunde nangonyango oluhambelanayo nolunye uhlobo.
Usenokungafuni ukusebenzisa amayeza, ingakumbi ukuba uncancisa. Ukuba kunjalo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho ngezi ndlela zimbi. Kodwa khumbula, ukuba usebenzisa ezi ndlela ukongeza kunyango okanye endaweni yalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kugqirha wakho.
- I-Yoga: Ngokutsho kolunye uphando, ngaphezu kwama-75% oomama abanengxaki yokudakumba ababesenza i-yoga kabini ngeveki baye baphucuka.
- Ukuphulula: Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuphulula kunokunciphisa iimpawu zePPD.
- Uqeqesho Lokuphumla: Ungafunda ukuzizolisa ngezinto ezifana nokuzilolonga ngokuphefumla nzulu kunye nemifanekiso ekhokelwayo.
- Ukucamngca: Ukucamngca kukunceda ugxile engqondweni yakho kwixesha langoku kwaye ulahle iingcinga ezingafunekiyo. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinezeleko.
Iziphumo zezongezo zemifuno ezifana ne-St. John's wort zixutyiwe. Unyango lwe-acupuncture kunye nonyango lokukhanya azikabonakali zisebenza kwi-PPD.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudakumba emva kokubeleka akubangelwa bubuthathaka bakho, yimeko yezonyango efuna unyango.
- Ukuba uziva ulusizi, uxhalabile, okanye ungenathemba emva kweeveki ezimbini emva kokuba uzele umntwana, thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Le meko inokunyangeka ngempumelelo kakhulu ngamayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo.
- Ungaze woyike ukucela uncedo kumyeni wakho, kusapho nakubahlobo bakho.
- Ukuphumla, ukulala kakuhle, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuzinika ixesha lokuphumla kubalulekile ekuchacheni kwakho.
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