Khawuthelekelele umzimba wakho wonke njengesixeko esikhulu nesixakekileyo. Emva koko intliziyo yitanki yamanzi ephambili kweso sixeko. Ukusuka kweli tanki, kufuneka kubekho umbhobho omkhulu, onamandla wokuthwala amanzi kuyo yonke indlu kunye nezitalato esixekweni, akunjalo? Yiyo le indlela umthambo wegazi oyintloko emzimbeni wethu, othwala igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke, unjalo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-aorta. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo yale mbhobho inkulu, i-aorta, eqhagamshelwe entliziyweni ngokwayo. Yiyo leyo i-aorta enyukayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ascending aorta?
Ngamafutshane, i-ascending aorta yinxalenye yokuqala ye-aorta, umthambo wegazi omkhulu emzimbeni wethu. Xa intliziyo isebenza njengepompo kwaye ipompa igazi, igazi liqala lingene kule ascending aorta. Lifana neqhekeza lokuqala lombhobho ophambili ophuma kwitanki yamanzi. Eli candelo liqala entliziyweni lize liye phezulu. Igama elithi "aorta" lithetha "ukunyuka". Ngoko ungafumana umbono wendawo ekuyo kweli gama.
Kukule ndawo apho i-aortic arch yakheka khona ize ihambe iye ezantsi njenge-deepseeding aorta. Oko kukuthi, i-ascending aorta sisiqalo sale nkqubo iphambili yemithambo yegazi enika igazi emzimbeni wonke.
Yintoni inzuzo oku emizimbeni yethu?
Indima ye-ascending aorta ibaluleke kakhulu. Khawuthelekelele, intliziyo yethu ineegumbi ezine eziphambili. Kula, i-ventricle yasekhohlo yileyo ipompa igazi elicocekileyo nelineoksijini emzimbeni wonke.
Ngoko ke, igazi elimpontshwa yile ventricle yasekhohlo liqala lingene kwi-ascending aorta. Ukusuka apho, ilungu ngalinye, yonke iseli, ukusuka ebuchotsheni ukuya ezinzwaneni, lifumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo ukuze liphile.
Kukho nenye into ekhethekileyo. Intliziyo, epompa igazi emzimbeni wonke, ikwafuna igazi ukuze isebenze, akunjalo? Imithambo yegazi emibini ephambili ehambisa igazi kwimisipha yentliziyo, imithambo yentliziyo, nayo iqala kule ascensing aorta. Ngoko ke, kuyacaca koku ukuba ascensing aorta yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu enika ubomi entliziyweni nakumzimba wonke.
Ngamafutshane, i-ascending aorta yindawo yokuqala yombhobho ophambili ohambisa igazi emizimbeni yethu. Ukuba kukho nenye impazamo encinci koku, yonke inkqubo inokuchaphazeleka.
Iphi le ndawo? Ijongeka njani?
I-aorta enyukayo ikwisifuba sethu, ngqo ngaphezulu kwe-ventricle yasekhohlo kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo. Ngokuchanekileyo, ikwisithuba sethambo elithe tyaba eliphakathi kwesifuba sethu, i-sternum.
Ngokuphathelele imbonakalo, yonke i-aorta imile okwentonga. Ingcambu yale ntonga, oko kukuthi, inxalenye eqala entliziyweni ize inyuke ngqo, yi-ascending aorta. Emva koko kukho ukugoba kwintonga njengesiphatho, esisibiza ngokuba yi-aortic arch. Emva koko inxalenye ehlayo njengenxalenye ende yentonga yi-descending aorta.
I-ascensing aorta yomntu omdala osempilweni idla ngokuba yi-5-8 centimeters (malunga ne-2-3 intshi) ubude kunye ne-3-4 centimeters ububanzi. Iya incipha kancinci kancinci njengoko isihla.
Iinxalenye ze-aorta enyukayo kunye neengqimba zodonga lwayo
Lo mthambo wegazi ubalulekileyo wahlulwe waba ngamacandelo amancinci aliqela. Njengayo nayiphi na imithambo yegazi, lo unodonga olwenziwe ngamaleya aliqela. Makhe sijonge oku ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
| Inxalenye / Umaleko | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili ze-aorta enyukayo | |
| Ingcambu ye-Aortic | Le yinxalenye yokuqala yentliziyo eqhagamshelwe nentliziyo ngokwayo. Ivalvu ye-aorta, esebenza njengomnyango wokudlula kwegazi ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo ukuya kwi-aorta, ikwindawo leyo. Imithambo emibini ye-coronary ehambisa igazi kwimisipha yentliziyo nayo iqala apha. |
| I-Tubular Ascending Aorta | Le yinxalenye efana nombhobho eqala engcanjini yomthambo omkhulu ukuya kwigophe lomthambo omkhulu. Akukho masebe aphuma kule nxalenye. |
| Iileya ezintathu zodonga lwemithambo yegazi | |
| I-Tunica Intima | Olu lulwelo oluthambileyo ngaphakathi kodonga oludibana negazi. |
| Imidiya | Olu lulwelo oluphakathi. Lunemicu ethambileyo. Olu lwelo lunceda imithambo yegazi ukuba ikhule kwaye inciphe xa intliziyo ibetha. Olu lwelo lunokuba buthathaka njengoko sikhula. |
| I-Adventitia | Le yilaphu ekhuselayo engaphandle. Iqulethe imithambo yegazi emincinci. |
Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-aorta enyukayo?
Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela lo mthambo wegazi ubalulekileyo. Ezinye zezi zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi.
| Isigulo | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| I-Aortic Aneurysm | Le yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo neyingozi. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba indawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lwe-aorta ivuvukala njengebhaluni. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutshaya, kunye nezinto zemfuza. Oku kuvuvukala kuyingozi kuba kunokukrazula iileya zodonga (i-Aortic Dissection) okanye kuqhume ngokupheleleyo (i-Rupture) . Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni kwaye kube yingozi ebomini. |
| I-Aortic Valve Stenosis | Ivalvu ye-aorta ifana nocango. Xa olu cango lungavuleki kakuhle kwaye luba mxinwa, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima kunesiqhelo ukupompa igazi. Kufana nokuzama ukufaka isitulo esikhulu ngocango olumxinwa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokubangela ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo zikhule. |
| Ukubuyiselwa kweValve yeAortic | Okwenzekayo apha kukuba ivalvu ye-aorta ayivali ngokupheleleyo. Kufana nokuba ucango luvuleke kancinci endaweni yokuba luvaleke kakuhle. Emva koko elinye igazi elimpompelweyo livuza libuyele kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo. Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo iphompe igazi elingaphezulu kunokuba kufanele, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha, intliziyo inokuba buthathaka. |
| Ivalvu ye-Bicuspid Aortic (BAV) | Ngokwesiqhelo, ivalvu ye-aorta ineeflaps ezintathu. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu bazalwa beneeflaps ezimbini kuphela. Le meko inokubangela ukuba ivalvu inciphe ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye ivumele igazi libuyele umva. Abantu abanale meko nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-aneurysm. |
| Izifo zeZicwili eziXhakamshelweyo | Iimeko zemfuza ezifana neMarfan Syndrome kunye neLoeys- Dietz Syndrome zenza buthathaka izicubu zomzimba ezinxibelelanayo. Ngenxa yokuba iindonga ze-aorta zenziwe ngezi zicubu, abantu abanezi meko basengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ze-aorta. |
| Izifo zokudumba | Izifo ezifana ne- giant cell arteritis zinokubangela ukudumba eludongeni lomthambo omkhulu, ziwenze buthathaka. |
Ngoko ke singawugcina njani lo mthambo mkhulu usempilweni?
Izinto ezifanayo esizenzayo ukugcina intliziyo yethu kunye nemithambo yegazi iphilile nazo zibalulekile kwimpilo ye-ascending aorta. Akukho mfuneko yokwenza nantoni na ekhethekileyo koku. Eyona nto iphambili kukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni.
- Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okunetyuwa encinci, i-cholesterol encinci, namafutha agcweleyo, kwaye utyebile kwimifuno, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno.
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Zilolonge njengokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya ngowona monakalo mkhulu onokuyenza kwimithambo yegazi yakho. Yeka ukutshaya namhlanje.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukusela utywala kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ngoko ke lulawule.
- Ulawulo loxinzelelo lwegazi kunye ne-cholesterol: Ukuba une-high blood pressure okanye i-cholesterol ephezulu, landela imiyalelo kunye namayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho ngononophelo.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba sele uxilongiwe ngugqirha ukuba unesifo se-ascending aorta okanye nasiphi na esinye isifo sentliziyo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ezikhoyo ziya zisiba mandundu.
Kwakhona, ekubeni ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm, ukuba kukho nayiphi na kwezi, kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
| Ingxamiseko! - Yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko! | |
|---|---|
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
| Intlungu ebuhlungu, engxamisekileyo yesifuba okanye emqolo ongasentla | Intlungu enganyamezelekiyo evakala ngathi kukuhlatywa okanye ukukrazulwa ngemela. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ukuphefumla okukhawulezileyo. |
| Ukudinwa okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo | Ukuxakeka kakhulu ngequbuliso okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo nokuwa. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Uziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. |
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo se-aorta, okanye ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki nge-ascending aorta. Uninzi lwezi ngozi lunokulawulwa ngokuhlolwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila enempilo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-aorta enyukayo yinxalenye yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo yomthambo wegazi oyintloko nomkhulu oqala entliziyweni yethu.
- Le nxalenye inika igazi entliziyweni, nakumzimba wonke.
- Iimeko ezifana ne-aortic aneurysms zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye zingasongela ubomi ukuba ziyaqhekeka.
- Ungayikhusela i-aorta yakho ngemikhwa enempilo efana nokutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, nokuphepha ukutshaya.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentlungu ebukhali yesifuba ngequbuliso, iintlungu zomqolo, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, cinga ukuba yingxaki kwaye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
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