Ngaba wakha wajonga amehlo akho esipilini waza wazibuza ukuba zintsonkothe kangakanani izinto ngaphakathi kuwo? Esikubonayo kuphela yinxalenye emhlophe yeliso kunye ne-iris emnyama. Kodwa amehlo ethu eneneni afana nekhamera encinci esebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye efihliweyo ngaphakathi kweliso ebalulekileyo ekuboneni. Elo candelo libizwa ngokuba yi-uvea.
Yintoni le Uvea?
Ngamafutshane, i-uvea lulwaleko oluphakathi lweeleya ezintathu eziphambili ezenza iliso lethu. Lufana nolwaleko oluphakathi lwesandwich. Igama elithi Uvea livela kumagama esiLatini nesiGrike athetha "idiliya." Libizwa ngokuba lifana nediliya xa ulijonga ngaphandle.
Elinye igama lale nto yi-"vascular tunic." Igama elithi "tunic" lithetha isambatho esifana nehempe. Igama elithi "Vascular" lithetha imithambo yegazi, okanye into enxulumene nokujikeleza kwegazi. Ngoko ke le uvea ikwajikeleziswe iliso lethu njengehempe, kwaye izaliswe yimithambo yegazi enika iliso igazi elilifunayo.
Zithini iindawo eziphambili ze-uvea kunye nemisebenzi yazo?
I-uvea yenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu aphambili. Inxalenye nganye inomsebenzi othile. Masiyijonge ngale ndlela ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda.
| Inxalenye | Umsebenzi wayo ulula nje |
|---|---|
| Iris | Le yinxalenye echaza umbala wamehlo akho. Le nxalenye inoxanduva lwemibala yamehlo efana noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umdaka, nomnyama. Kwaye, njengelensi yekhamera, iyakhula kwaye inciphe ukuze ilawule ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni. Iyancipha elangeni kwaye ikhule ebumnyameni ukunceda iliso lifumane ukukhanya elikufunayo. |
| Umzimba we-ciliary | Oku kusemva kwe-iris. Le nxalenye yeliso inceda ekutshintsheni imo yelensi yeliso kunye 'nokugxila' ukuze ukwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo xa ufunda incwadi okanye ujonge into ekude. Ayipheleli apho, ikwanceda ekuveliseni ulwelo ngaphakathi kweliso (aqueous humor), olunceda ekugcineni i-eyeball ikwimo entle. |
| I-Choroid | Le yeyona nxalenye inkulu ye-Uvea. Le yinwebu encinci egcwele imithambo yegazi. Cinga ngeliso lakho njengendlu. Emva koko le Choroid ifana nenkqubo yemibhobho enika amanzi kuloo ndlu. Yile inika igazi kunye nesondlo esifunekayo liliso, ingakumbi i-retina, esinika umbono. I-melanin pigment kule ikwanciphisa ukukhanya okungafunekiyo ngaphakathi kweliso. |
Ziziphi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela i-uvea?
Kukho izifo ezininzi ezichaphazela ezi ndawo zahlukeneyo ze-uvea. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezinye zazo.
- I-Uveitis: Ukudumba kwe-uvea.
- Umhlaza wamehlo: ingakumbi i-melanoma yangaphakathi kweso.
- I-Diabetes-related retinopathy: Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi esweni ngenxa yesifo seswekile.
- I-Albinism: Ukungabikho kombala emzimbeni.
- I-Presbyopia: Njengoko sikhula, umsebenzi womzimba we-ciliary uyancipha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukugxila kwizinto ezikufutshane.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo.
- Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi elisweni (i-Eye ischemia): Ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-eye stroke.
- I-Coloboma: Ukukhula okungafanelekanga kwenxalenye yeliso ekuzalweni kwayo.
- Izifo ezichaphazela ezinye iinkqubo zomzimba, ezifana ne -sarcoidosis kunye ne-syphilis .
- Ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-iris: Umzekelo, i-iris ayikho embindini (iCorectopia) okanye kukho ii-iris ezininzi (iPolycoria).
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zengxaki nge-uvea?
Iimpawu zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala le-uvea elichaphazelekileyo, kodwa ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, isenokuba yingxaki yamehlo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umbono ofipheleyo | Imeko yokungaboni izinto ngokucacileyo. |
| Intlungu yamehlo | Intlungu evela ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane neliso. |
| Uloyiko lokukhanya (i-Photophobia) | Ubunzima bokubona nokuba kukukhanya okufipheleyo, amehlo ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Iliso elibomvu | Ukubomvu kwamehlo okanye ukudumba. |
| IiFloaters kwindawo yesiganeko | Umbono wamachaphaza amnyama okanye imisonto edada phambi kwamehlo. |
| Ukulahleka kombono | Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci. |
Ndingawagcina njani amehlo am esempilweni?
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula onokuzenza ukuze ugcine amehlo akho esempilweni, kuquka ne-uvea.
- Hlola amehlo akho rhoqo: Nokuba unxiba iiglasi okanye awuzinxibi, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ubuncinane kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka ukuze ubone iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe ziimpawu.
- Khusela amehlo akho: Ukuba udibanisa iintsimbi, usebenza ngomthi, okanye usebenza ngothuli okanye ngeekhemikhali, qiniseka ukuba unxibe iiglasi zokhuseleko . Iiglasi zakho azanele ukwenza loo nto.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya nokuvasa akulunganga kwimithambo yegazi ebuthathaka engaphakathi kweliso. Zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwimpilo yamehlo.
- Musa ukungazinaki iintsholongwane: Ukuba iliso lakho libomvu, liyavuza, okanye liyarhawuzelela kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, musa ukulibetha ngoyaba. Isenokuba yinto enzulu, ngoko bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ndifanele ndidibane nini nogqirha wamehlo?
Ukongeza ekuhlolweni kwamehlo rhoqo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba iimpawu zamehlo zihlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweentsuku ezimbalwa .
- Ukuba ezo mpawu ziphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla .
- Ukuba ufumana naluphi na uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukubona .
Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona, uba luzizi, okanye utshintshe ngequbuliso, yithathe njengengxamiseko yezonyango. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
Nangona singathethi nge-uvea yonke imihla, mhlawumbi uyaqonda ngoku ukuba ibaluleke kangakanani embonweni wethu. Lo gama nje isebenza kakuhle, sisenokungaqondi ixabiso layo. Kodwa ukuba kukho ingxaki ngayo, inokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kakhulu. Ngoko ke ukufumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu kwaye ugcine umbono olungileyo ubomi bonke.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-uvea lulwaleko oluphakathi kweliso lethu, kwaye luquka iinxalenye ezintathu: iris, umzimba we-ciliary, kunye ne-choroid.
- I-uvea ibalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhanya, ekugxileni izinto, nasekunikeni igazi elisweni.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zamehlo, ukubona okufipheleyo, ukuva ukukhanya, okanye amehlo abomvu. Zifanele zixelwe kugqirha.
- Ukuhlolwa amehlo rhoqo, ukukhusela amehlo akho, nokuphepha ukutshaya zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokugcina amehlo akho esempilweni.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso okanye ukutshintsha kombono yimeko engxamisekileyo. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
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