Xa wena okanye umntu omaziyo esithi kufuneka enze utyando lwesifuba, uyoyika kancinci, akunjalo? Xa sisiva igama elithi "utyando lwesifuba," sicinga ngotyando olukhulu, iintsuku ezimbalwa esibhedlele, kunye nentlungu eninzi. Olo loyiko lufanelekile. Kodwa ngoku, isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili kakhulu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngendlela yotyando lwesifuba engafuni tyando lukhulu kangaka, kodwa tyando oluncinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-VATS. Iingenelo kwizigulana, ixesha lokuchacha, nezinye izinto ezininzi zahlukile kutyando lwendabuko. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha .
Kalula nje, yintoni i-VATS?
Igama elipheleleyo le-VATS lithi utyando lwesifuba oluncediswa yividiyo . NgesiSinhala, lithetha "utyando lwesifuba oluncediswa yividiyo." Nangona igama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi, okwenzekayo kule nkqubo kulula kakhulu.
Cinga ngale nto, ngesiqhelo xa usenza utyando lwesifuba, kufuneka wenze utyando olukhulu kwindawo yesifuba, ngeembambo ukuze ufikelele kwizitho ezifana nemiphunga okanye intliziyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Thoracotomy)`. Kodwa kwindlela ye-VATS, awenzi utyando olukhulu kangaka. Endaweni yoko, wenza nje imingxunya embalwa emincinci, malunga ne-intshi okanye isiqingatha, phakathi kweembambo.
Emva koko, ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelwe kuyo (i-thoracoscope) idluliselwa kwenye yezi mingxunya iye kwisifuba. Le khamera ikhulisa yonke into engaphakathi esifubeni, kuquka amalungu omzimba kunye nezicubu, kwaye iyibonisa ngokucacileyo kwisikrini sevidiyo. Ngoku ugqirha angabukela le vidiyo aze afake izixhobo zotyando ezithambileyo kwezinye imingxuma emincinci ukuze enze utyando ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu. Kufana nomdlalo wevidiyo, kodwa ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu nonoxanduva.
Olu luhlobo lotyando olungenabungozi kangako, oko kuthetha ukuba alubandakanyi ukunqunyulwa okuncinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba isigulana asiva ntlungu ingako, ukopha kancinci, kwaye asifumani xesha lokuchacha.
Zeziphi iintlobo zezifo ezinyangwa ngotyando lwe-VATS?
Utyando lwe-VATS lusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo ezininzi zesifuba. Luthandwa kakhulu kumhlaza wemiphunga . Lukwasetyenziswa nakumhlaza osasazeke kwimiphunga osuka kwezinye iindawo.
Ukongeza kwesi sizathu siphambili, utyando lwe-VATS luluncedo kwezinye izifo ezininzi. Masibone ukuba zithini.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza we-esophagus okanye i-thymus | Ukususa umhlaza okhula kumbhobho wokutya (umphimbo) okanye kwi-thymus gland ekwisifuba esingaphezulu. |
| Ukuphuma kwePleural | Ukuqokelelana okufana nolwelo ngaphakathi kwi-pleura, i-membrane ejikeleze imiphunga. Olu tyando lwenziwa ukuze kususwe olu lwelo nokufumanisa unobangela. |
| Usulelo lwemiphunga kunye nezifo | Ukunyanga izifo ezifana ne-COPD kunye nosulelo oluqatha lwemiphunga. |
| Ukukhupha ulwelo olujikeleze intliziyo (i-Pericardial effusion) | Ukuqokelelana kolwelo kwingxowa ejikeleze intliziyo. Ukususa ezi zinto. |
| Ukubila okugqithisileyo (i-Hyperhidrosis) | Ukulawula imithambo-luvo ebangela ukubila okugqithisileyo ezintendeni nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. |
| I-Myasthenia gravis | Ukususa i-thymus gland ebandakanyeka kwisifo esibuthathaka kwimisipha. |
Iintlobo zotyando lwe-VATS
Oogqirha basebenzisa iteknoloji ye-VATS ukwenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zotyando, kuquka:
- Ukususwa kwemiphunga nge-VATS: Oku kuquka ukususa inxalenye enesifo yomphunga.
- Ukususwa kwe-wedge resection: Ukususwa kweqhekeza elincinci lezicubu elimile okwekhowuni emphungeni.
- Ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwelinye lamalungu emiphunga.
- Ukususwa ngokupheleleyo komphunga omnye.
- Ukususwa kombhobho wokutya ngenxa yesizathu esifana nomhlaza.
- I-Thymectomy: Ukususwa kwe-thymus gland enesifo.
- `Ukuhombisa`:Ukususa ii-membranes ezisulelekileyo kunye namanxeba ajikeleze imiphunga kunye nokuvumela imiphunga ukuba ikhule kakuhle kwakhona.
- Utyando lokunciphisa umthamo wemiphunga (LVRS): Kwiimeko ezifana ne-COPD, iindawo ezonakeleyo zemiphunga ziyasuswa, nto leyo evumela iindawo eziphilileyo ukuba zisebenze kakuhle.
Ndingayilungiselela njani le tyando?
Njengalo naluphi na utyando, olu lufuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo uya kucelwa ukuba wenze izinto ezinje:
- Ukuzila Ukutya: Uya kucetyiswa ukuba uyeke ukutya okanye ukusela kangangeeyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.
- Ukuyeka Amayeza: Usenokucelwa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amanye amayeza, ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi, iivithamini, kunye namayeza e-Ayurvedic, ngaphambi kotyando. Xoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho.
- Ukuyeka ukutshaya: Ukuba utshaya, kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo, ubuncinane iiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando. Ukutshaya kunokubangela iingxaki ngexesha lokubulala iintlungu kwaye kulibazise ukubuyela esiqhelweni emva kotyando.
Kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze ujonge ukuba umzimba wakho usempilweni ngaphambi kotyando.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo olufana nokubalwa kwegazi elipheleleyo (i-CBC).
- Uvavanyo lwentliziyo: Uvavanyo lwe-EKG okanye uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzivocavoca.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olufana ne-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan / i-PET scan.
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu: Jonga ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
- I-endoscopy ephezulu okanye i-barium swallow X-ray.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?
Musa ukukhathazeka ngale nto. Emva kokuba usiwe kwigumbi lotyando, uza kuqala unikwe i-anesthesia jikelele. Oku kuthetha ukuba uza kube ulele ngokupheleleyo kwaye awuyi kuva nto. Awuyi kuva ntlungu okanye ukungakhululeki de utyando luphele.
Iqela lotyando emva koko lilandela la manyathelo:
1. Uza kujika uze ubekwe kwicala elichaseneyo necala apho utyando luza kwenziwa khona.
2. Kwenziwa imingxunya emininzi emincinci (ngesiqhelo emi-2-4) esifubeni, malunga ne-intshi enye, phakathi kweembambo. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho nendlela ethi ``uniport VATS - U-VATS'', eyenziwa ngomngxuma omnye.
3. Ikhamera (i-thoracoscope) ifakwa ngomnye wemingxunya kwaye ingaphakathi lesifuba libonwa kwisikrini sevidiyo.
4. Izixhobo zotyando ezikhethekileyo zifakwa ngezinye izimbobo, kwaye xa ujonga imifanekiso ebonwe kwividiyo, izicubu ezinesifo okanye inxalenye yesitho eza kususwa isuswa ngononophelo olukhulu.
5. Emva kotyando, ityhubhu yesifuba ibekwa okwethutyana ukuze kukhutshwe umoya okanye ulwelo olugqithisileyo olunokuthi luqokeleleke emngxunyeni wesifuba.
6. Okokugqibela, amanxeba amancinci avalwa ngezititshi ezinyibilikayo okanye izitapile.
Kwezinye izibhedlele eziphucukileyo, olu tyando lwenziwa kusetyenziswa `iteknoloji yerobhothi`. Apho, ugqirha wenza utyando ejonge isikrini sekhompyutha kwaye elawula ingalo yerobhothi. Utyando lwe-VATS lomhlaza wemiphunga ludla ngokuthatha malunga neeyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zalo tyando?
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-VATS iluncedo kakhulu kunotyando lwesintu oluvulekileyo lwesifuba (`iThoracotomy`). Nangona kunjalo, njengalo naluphi na utyando, ayinazo iingozi zalo.
Makhe sijonge ezi zimbini ngokwahlukeneyo.
| Iinzuzo | Iingozi |
|---|---|
| Ixesha elifutshane lokulaliswa esibhedlele: Ngokwesiqhelo ungaya ekhaya kwiintsuku ezi-1-2. | Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (ii-Arrhythmias). |
| Iintlungu ezincinci kunye namanxeba: Ekubeni kungekho nxeba likhulu, iintlungu zincinci kakhulu kwaye namanxeba nawo mancinci. | Amahlwili egazi kunye nokubetha. |
| Ukubuyela ngokukhawuleza emsebenzini wokuphefumla: Imiphunga ibuyela ngokukhawuleza. | Ukuwa komphunga (`Pneumothorax`) okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweengxowa zomoya ezikwimiphunga (`Atelectasis`). |
| Umngcipheko omncinci wokosuleleka: Amanxeba mancinci, ngoko ke kukho umngcipheko omncinci wokosuleleka. | Ukopha ngaphakathi kunye nokopha kakhulu. |
| Buyela ngokukhawuleza ebomini obuqhelekileyo: Ungaya emsebenzini ngokukhawuleza ufumane umsebenzi. | Izifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-pneumonia. |
| - | Ukonakala kwamalungu angqongileyo, imithambo-luvo, okanye imithambo yegazi. |
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando kwaye kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umntu aphile?
Emva kotyando, izicubu ezisusiweyo zithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze zivavanywe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Biopsy' . 'Ingcali yezifo' ihlola izicubu phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza, iimpawu zosulelo, okanye ezinye iimeko. Unyango lwakho olongezelelweyo luya kugqitywa ngokusekelwe kuloo ngxelo.
Emva kotyando, uza kunikwa amayeza okulawula iintlungu. Kwakhona, abahlengikazi kunye neengcali zonyango lwe-physiotherapists baza kukukhuthaza ukuba wenze umthambo wokuphefumla nzulu . Ukuhamba-hamba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza.
Ngaphambi kokuba ugoduke, ugqirha uza kususa umbhobho wesifuba.
Ixesha lokuchacha liyahluka kumntu nomntu kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenziweyo. Ezinye iityando zingathatha iiveki ezimbini nje kuphela ukuba ziphile, ngelixa ezinye zingathatha iiveki ezisibhozo.
Zikhathalele ezi zinto emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya:
- Tshintsha ii-dressing rhoqo xa usikiwe njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
- Musa ukuqhuba okanye ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima de ugqirha akuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.
- Hamba kancinci ubuncinane kathathu ngemini ukuze uthintele ukuqhekeka kwegazi emilenzeni yakho.
- Sela amayeza okudambisa iintlungu kunye nee-antibiotics ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Qiniseka ukuba uya ekliniki ngomhla onikiweyo wokuhlolwa kwakhona.
Ndifanele ndimtsalele umnxeba nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje emva kokubuyela ekhaya, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .
- Ukuba ufumana iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni .
- Ukuba uziva kunzima ukuphefumla .
- Ukuba ubona iimpawu zosulelo . Umzekelo:
- Ubomvu, ukudumba, okanye ukukhupha okutyheli okujikeleze inxeba.
- Ifiva.
Musa ukuzityeshela ezi mpawu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqukumbela, i-VATS yinkqubela phambili enkulu kwicandelo lotyando lwesifuba. Kumntu olwa nesifo esifana nomhlaza, kuyamthuthuzela kakhulu ukukwazi ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza emva kotyando, angabi nantlungu ingako, aze abuyele kubomi bakhe besiqhelo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ucwangciselwe olu hlobo lotyando, ungoyiki, thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ubuze yonke imibuzo onayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-VATS yindlela yotyando yanamhlanje eyenziwa ngaphandle kokusika okukhulu esifubeni, kusetyenziswa ikhamera edlula kwimingxunya emincinci.
- Iintlungu, ukulaliswa esibhedlele, kunye nexesha lokuchacha zincinci kakhulu kunezo zotyando zesifuba ezivulekileyo zesiqhelo.
- Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezininzi zesifuba, kuquka nomhlaza wemiphunga.
- Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi ezithile, ngoko ke xoxa ngazo ngononophelo nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kotyando.
- Ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza nangokuphumelelayo, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo ngaphambi nasemva kotyando.
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