Ngaba wakha weva 'ngomkhuhlane wegazi'? Usenokuba ukhe weva ezindabeni xa uthetha ngezifo eziyingozi ezifana ne-Ebola. Kwanokuliva eli gama kukwenza woyike kancinci, akunjalo? Le yingongoma ekufuneka siyiqaphele sonke. Ngamafutshane, i-Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHF) ligama eliqhelekileyo elinikwa iqela leentsholongwane. Oko kwenziwa zezi ntsholongwane kukonakalisa imithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu, ukuphazamisa inkqubo yendalo yokujiya kwegazi, kunye nokubangela ukuba umzimba wophe igazi ngokungalawulekiyo.
Ziziphi ezi ntlobo zemikhuhlane yokopha (ii-VHF)?
Izifo ezininzi ziwela kolu didi lubizwa ngokuba yi-VHF. Ezinye zincinci kakhulu, kodwa ezinye zinokuba yingozi ebomini. I-dengue fever, eyaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwethu, nayo ikweli didi.
Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili ze-VHF ezibonwayo:
- Isifo seNtsholongwane ye-Ebola (EVD)
- Isifo seentsholongwane saseMarburg (MVD)
- Iimeko ezibangelwa yiHantavirus
- Umkhuhlane weDengue - Oku kuqhelekile kuthi eSri Lanka, akunjalo?
- Umkhuhlane weLassa
- Umkhuhlane Omthubi
- Umkhuhlane wegazi osuka eCrimea ukuya eCongo (CCHF)
Ziphi ezi zifo zixhaphake kakhulu?
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-VHF lubonakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Ezi zihlala zixelwa:
- Ukusuka kumazwe aseAfrika: ingakumbi avela eNtshona naseMbindini Afrika.
- Ukusuka kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika.
- Ukusuka kumazwe aseAsia: EAsia, apho sihlala khona, ii-VHF ezifana ne-dengue nazo zixhaphakile.
- Ukusuka kwiZiqithi zePacific.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi zifo azifumaneki kakhulu kumazwe afana neMelika, iKhanada, neYurophu. Kula mazwe, kuphela usulelo lweHantavirus oluxelwa kakhulu.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho zezi zifo zomkhuhlane?
Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuba kwizigaba zokuqala, iimpawu zesi sifo zinokuba nzima ukwahlula kwi-viral fever eqhelekileyo. Kodwa kufuneka siqaphele ngakumbi iimpawu ezibonakala xa imeko imbi kakhulu.
| Ityala lesi sifo | Iimpawu ezinokubonwa |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zokuqala (ukubonakala kokuqala) |
|
| Iimpawu ezenzekayo xa imeko iba mandundu |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zibalulekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza .
Kutheni le nto ezi ntsholongwane zibangela ukopha?
Eli libali elinzima kancinci. Ngamafutshane, xa ezi ntsholongwane zeVHF zingena emizimbeni yethu, zenza izinto ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Yonakalisa imithambo yegazi: Le ntsholongwane yonakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi ethambileyo kuyo yonke imizimba yethu. Emva koko, igazi liqala ukuvuza kuloo mithambo yegazi.
2. Iphazamisa ukujiya kwegazi: Ngokwesiqhelo, xa sifumana isilonda emzimbeni wethu, igazi liyayeka ukopha ngenxa yenkqubo yokujiya kwegazi. Le ntsholongwane iphazamisa iiseli (iiplatelets) kunye neeproteni ezibandakanyekayo kuloo nkqubo. Emva koko, nokopha okuncinci akunakuyekiswa.
Kuxa ezi zizathu zimbini zidibana apho ukopha kuqala ukuphuma ngokungalawulekiyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba.
Zeziphi iintsapho ezineentsholongwane ezibangela oku?
Iintsholongwane ezibangela i-VHF zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintsapho ezine eziphambili:
- Ii-Arenaviruses
- IiFilovirus (i-Ebola kunye neMarburg zezo sapho)
- Iintsholongwane zeBunyavirus
- IiFlavivirus (idengue kunye nomkhuhlane otyheli zezosapho)
Zidluliselwa njani ezi zifo?
Iindlela ezidluliselwa ngazo ezi zifo zahlukile. Ayizizo zonke ii-VHF ezidluliselwa ngendlela efanayo. Ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili ezi zifo ezinokudluliselwa ngazo.
- Ukulunywa yingcongconi: Le yindlela izifo ezifana ne-dengue kunye ne-yellow fever ezisasazeka ngayo.
- Ngokulunywa ziincukuthu: Izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane waseCrimea-Congo zidluliselwa ziincukuthu.
- Ngokudibana nolwelo lomzimba lomntu osulelekileyo:Xa igazi lesigulana, umchamo, ilindle, amathe, ubisi lwebele, isidoda, okanye ulwelo oluphuma kwisini lungena emzimbeni ngenxeba, inxeba, okanye ulwelo oluphuma kwisihlunu somntu ophilileyo (izifo ezifana ne-Ebola zinokudluliselwa ngale ndlela).
- Ukudibana nolwelo lomzimba lwezilwanyana ezinesi sifo: Ezinye iintlobo ze-VHF zinokudluliselwa ngokudibana nomchamo kunye nendle yezilwanyana ezincinci ezifana neempuku, iinkawu, kunye namalulwane.
Zinyangwa njani ezi zifo?
Ngelishwa, akukho "nyango" oluqinisekileyo lwezifo ezininzi ze-VHF. Zimbalwa izifo, ezifana ne-Ebola, ezisandula ukwazisa unyango lwee-antiviral.
Ngoko ke, unyango oluxhasayo luhlala lubonelelwa, nto leyo ethetha ukunceda ukugcina imisebenzi yomzimba yesigulana ikwimeko entle.
- Ukunika umzimba umlinganiselo ofunekayo wolwelo: I-saline (IV fluids) inikwa ngemithambo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokuhlanza norhudo.
- Ioksijini: Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, ioksijini inikwa. Kusenokufuneka ukuba kudityaniswe nomoya woomatshini.
- Ulawulo lweempawu: Amayeza anikwa ukulawula izinto ezinje ngomkhuhlane, iintlungu, kunye nokuhlanza.
- Utofelo-gazi: Ukuba uphuma igazi kakhulu okanye unenani eliphantsi leeplatelet, unokufuna utofelo-gazi okanye iiplatelet.
Esibhedlele, aba baguli badla ngokuphathwa ngokwahlukileyo kwabanye kwaye banikwe amanyathelo okhuseleko akhethekileyo. Oku kubalulekile ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kwabanye.
Ungazikhusela njani kwezi zifo? (Ukuthintela)
Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuzikhusela kwezi zifo ziyingozi. Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuze senze loo nto.
- Ukugonywa: Kukho imigonyo yezifo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nomkhuhlane otyheli, i-dengue, kunye ne-Ebola. Nangona kunjalo, ezi migonyo azifumaneki kuwo onke amazwe. Ukuba undwendwela ilizwe apho ezi zifo zixhaphakileyo khona, kubalulekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngale nto ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.
- Ukukhuselwa kwezinambuzane: Yenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuzikhusela kwiingcongconi nakwiincukuthu.
- Nxiba iimpahla ezigubungela umzimba wonke.
- Sebenzisa inethi zokuthintela iingcongconi.
- Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha iingcongconi.
- Ukuba kukho iindawo zokuzalela iingcongconi zedengue ezikufutshane, zitshabalalise.
- Kuphephe ukudibana nezilwanyana: Kuphephe ukudibana ngqo nezilwanyana ezinokuthwala ezi zifo, ingakumbi iimpuku kunye namalulwane.
- Landela iinkqubo zokhuseleko: Ukuba unyamekela isigulana esifana nesi (umz., umsebenzi wezempilo), qiniseka ukuba unxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela (PPE) ezifana neeglavu, iiglasi zeglasi, kunye neemaski. Kuphephe ukudibana ngqo nolwelo lomzimba wesigulana.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho esi sifo sixhaphakileyo khona, usandul’ ukuya kwenye, okanye unezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko, kwaye ubonakalise iimpawu zokuqala ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla kunye nomkhuhlane, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ezinzulu , yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Kubalulekile nokwazisa abasebenzi ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unokuba ne-VHF xa usiya esibhedlele.
- Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni, entanyeni, okanye esiswini
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ukuhlanza okanye urhudo olungenakuyekiswa
- Ukuba nokuxhuzula
- Ukudideka okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo
- Ukopha okungalawulekiyo okuvela naphi na emzimbeni
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iintsholongwane zeHemorrhagic Fevers (VHF) liqela lezifo eziyingozi ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinokubangela ukopha okungalawulekiyo.
- Umkhuhlane wedengue, esihlala sidibana nawo eSri Lanka, nawo ungowesi sifo esikwiqela le-VHF.
- Nangona ekuqaleni kunokuvakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, xa imeko iba mandundu, iimpawu eziyingozi ezifana nokopha kweentsini kunye nokuhlanza igazi zinokubakho.
- Ekubeni kungekho nyango lukhethekileyo lwezifo ezininzi, ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye nonyango oluxhasayo zezona ndlela zonyango ziphambili.
- Ezi zifo zingathintelwa ngokuzikhusela kwizinambuzane ezifana neengcongconi, ukuzigcina ucoceko olufanelekileyo, kunye nokufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba usiya kwiindawo ezithandwa zizifo.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinzulu (ingakumbi ukopha) kunye nomkhuhlane, musa ukulibazisa kwaye ubone ugqirha wakho okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
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