Ngaba umntwana wakho ngequbuliso ukhe waba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, amehlo abomvu, kunye nokukhwehlela kunye nempumlo egobhozayo? Bonke abazali bayayoyika xa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa beqala ukuba namadyungudyungu amancinci abomvu emzimbeni wabo wonke. Le isenokuba "yimasisi" esiye seva ngayo sonke. Ngoko masiqaphele oku namhlanje. Akukho nto yokoyika, ukuba uyazi oku ngokuchanekileyo, ungajongana nayo nayiphi na imeko.
Yintoni imasisi?
Ngamafutshane, imasisi lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane. Le ntsholongwane ihlala kwi-mucus empumlweni nasemqaleni womntu osulelekileyo. Ingasasazeka ngokulula kwabanye ngamathontsi amancinci akhutshwa emoyeni xa umntu ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Ungayifumana le ntsholongwane ngokuchukumisa indawo enentsholongwane uze uchukumise amehlo, impumlo, okanye umlomo. Into emangalisayo kukuba le ntsholongwane inokuphila emoyeni nakumphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezi-2 .
Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu ngale nto kukuba iyosulela kakhulu. Khawucinge nje, ukuba awukagonyelwa imasisi, kwaye ukwigumbi nomntu onemasisi, kukho amathuba aphezulu okuba nawe ufumane esi sifo ngokwakho, angama-90% .
Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba ungasasaza esi sifo komnye umntu ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezi-4 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele irhashalala ebomvu emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungasasaza intsholongwane kwabanye ungazi nokuba unesifo. Kwakhona, ungasasaza esi sifo komnye umntu ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezi-4 emva kokuba irhashalala iphelile.
Zithini iimpawu zemasisi?
I-Maasles idla ngokukhula ngamanqanaba kangangeeveki ezi-2-3. Le ntsholongwane ayibonisi zimpawu kwiintsuku ezili-10-14 zokuqala emva kokungena emzimbeni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba lixesha lokufukama. Kulapho ke iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala khona.
Masiziqonde ngokucacileyo ezi zigaba kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Iqonga | Iimpawu |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zokuqala (iintsuku ezi-4-7) | Ngokwesiqhelo, kuqala umkhuhlane ophezulu. Kunye noko, impumlo egobhozayo, ukukhohlela, amehlo abomvu, kunye nomqala obuhlungu. Ngeli xesha, unokubona amabala amancinci amhlophe ( amabala eKoplik ) anokuchongwa ngugqirha kuphela, abonakala ngaphakathi emlonyeni nasezidleleni. |
| Kuvela amabala abomvu | Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva komkhuhlane, kuvela amaqhuqhuva abomvu, amancinci, anamaqhuqhuva. La maqhuqhuva aqala ekuqaleni ezinweleni okanye entanyeni. Emva koko asasazeka emzimbeni wonke, kuquka iingalo, imilenze kunye neenyawo. Njengoko la maqhuqhuva esasazeka, umkhuhlane unokunyuka uye kwi-40-41 Celsius (105 Fahrenheit). |
| Ukuchacha | Amabala aqala ukufiphala emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa evele. Oku kwenzeka nakwicala lobuso ukuya ezantsi. Oko kuthetha ukuba amabala aphinda afiphala ngendlela efanayo naleyo avela ngayo. |
Ziziphi izinto ezinokubangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo semasisi?
I-Maasles isasazeka lula. Le ntsholongwane ikhutshwa emoyeni xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Esi sifo sisasazeka ngokuphefumla loo moya. Ingasasazeka nangokudibana nayo nayiphi na into ephuma empumlweni okanye emlonyeni womntu osulelekileyo.
Usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-measles ukuba:
- Ukuba awukafumani ugonyo lwe-MMR: Ingakumbi abantwana abancinci kunye noomama abakhulelweyo.
- Ukuba unesiphene sevithamini A: Ukuba abantu abanesiphene sevithamini A bafumana imasisi, iimpawu zinokuba nzima ngakumbi.
- Ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka: Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba zokuzikhusela ezibuthathaka ngenxa yesinye isifo (umz. i-leukemia) okanye unyango (umz. unyango lomhlaza) basengozini enkulu.
- Ukuba usandul’ ukuya kwelinye ilizwe: Amanye amazwe asengozini kuba imasisi ixhaphakile kwabo baye apho.
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto? Luluphi unyango?
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko uza kuhlola umzimba wakho ngononophelo. Baza kukhangela namabala amhlophe emlonyeni wakho abizwa ngokuba yi-"Koplik spots." Ngamanye amaxesha, banokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukuqinisekisa isifo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba akukabikho nyango lithile elinokubulala intsholongwane yemasisi. Ekubeni iyintsholongwane, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awaniki nyango.
Nangona kunjalo, zikho izinto onokuzenza ukuba unesifo.
- Ukugonyelwa emva kokuchatshazelwa yintsholongwane: Ukuba awukagonyelwa, ukufumana isitofu se-MMR kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kokuchatshazelwa ngumntu one-measles kunokuthintela isifo okanye kunciphise ubukhali beempawu.
- I-immune serum globulin:Ukuba oomama abakhulelweyo, abantwana abancinci kakhulu, okanye nabani na onesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esibuthathaka uchaphazeleka ngumguli, esi sitofu seprotheyini sinokuthintela okanye sinciphise ubukhali besifo ngokusinika zingadlulanga iintsuku ezi-6.
Ukongeza, ukuba imasisi ibangela usulelo lwebhaktheriya, njengosulelo lwendlebe okanye inyumoniya, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuze ayinyange.
Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya:
- Amayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane: Sebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane afana neParacetamol njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele. Ungaze unike abantwana i-aspirin.
- IVithamini A: Ukusela iVithamini A njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele kunokunciphisa ubukhali beempawu.
- Phumla ngokwaneleyo: Ukuphumla kubalulekile ukuze umzimba uphile.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Sela amanzi amaninzi, ipapa, kunye nejusi yeziqhamo ukuze uthintele ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yomkhuhlane kunye nokubila.
- Nciphisa ukukhanya: Nciphisa ukukhanya egumbini okanye unxibe iiglasi zelanga ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo lwamehlo olubangelwa kukukhanya.
Iingxaki eziyingozi ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-measles
I-Maasles ayisiyonto nje imbi ebangela amadyungudyungu ambalwa aze aphele. Inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20.
- Usulelo lwendlebe: Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kukuva okungapheliyo.
- I-Pneumonia: Usulelo olubi kakhulu lwemiphunga.
- Urhudo: Urhudo olunzima lunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- I-Encephalitis: Olu luhlobo losulelo lobuchopho. Malunga nomntu omnye kwabayi-1,000 abafumana imasisi bayifumana le ngxaki. Inokubangela ukungeva, umonakalo wobuchopho, kwanokufa.
- Iingxaki zokukhulelwa: I-Masculine ngexesha lokukhulelwa ingakhokelela ekuzalweni okunobunzima obuphantsi, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha, okanye nokufa kumama.
- I-SSPE (Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis): Le yingxaki engaqhelekanga, kodwa ebulalayo. Sisifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi kwiminyaka eyi-7-10 emva kwe-measles.
Ukuthintela yeyona nto ingcono - ukubaluleka kogonyo lwe-MMR
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo yokuzikhusela kwi-measles kukugonywa. Oku kwenziwa nge-MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine, ekhusela kuzo zonke ezi zifo zintathu: i-measles, i-mumps, kunye ne-rubella.
NgokweNkqubo yeSizwe yokuGonya eSri Lanka, kunyanzelekile ukunika umntwana wakho olu gonyo xa eneminyaka efanelekileyo. Emva kokufumana zombini iidosi zalo gonyo, kukho ukhuseleko oluphezulu olumalunga ne-97%. Umsebenzi wezempilo wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha uza kukwazisa ngale nto kanye.
Amawaka ezifundo kwihlabathi liphela ziye zaqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kogonyo lwe-MMR kunye ne-autism. Ngoko ke musa ukukhohliswa ngamabali angenasiseko anjalo.
Isitofu se-MMR sikhuselekile kubantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, akufanele sinikwe abafazi abakhulelweyo, abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu (njengabo banyangwa ngumhlaza), okanye abantu abane-allergies ezinzima kuyo nayiphi na izithako zesitofu. Ngoko ke, ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokufumana isitofu, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu zemasisi, hlala kude nabanye abantu kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba uya esibhedlele, yazisa isibhedlele ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unemasisi kwangoko nje ukuba ufike. Oku kuya kubavumela ukuba bathathe amanyathelo afunekayo ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwesi sifo kwabanye abaguli.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Maasles sisifo esosulelayo kakhulu esibangelwa yintsholongwane, kodwa sinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokugonywa.
- Ugonyo lwe-MMR yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo yokukhusela kwi-measles. Gonyela umntwana wakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye namehlo abomvu zezona mpawu zokuqala ezibonakala ngaphambi kokuba umzimba ugule. Zilumkele ezi.
- Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lwe-measles. Ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo nokusela amanzi amaninzi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho ubonakalisa iimpawu zemasisi, zihlukanise nabanye ngoko nangoko uze ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha.
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