Xa usisa umntwana wakho omncinci okanye usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa kugqirha, into yokuqala ugqirha aza kuyenza kukubeka i-stethoscope esifubeni aze amamele intliziyo. Uza kuva izandi zentliziyo eziqhelekileyo "ze-lub-dub" eziza xa iivalvu zentliziyo zivala. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ukongeza kwesi sandi, uza kuva isandi esongezelelweyo, esifana nesandi esincinci "s...s...", esifana nesandi somoya esidlulayo. Ugqirha uza kubiza oku ngokuthi "ukumbombozela kwentliziyo," okanye ukumbombozela entliziyweni. Kuqhelekile ukuba nawuphi na umama okanye utata azive esoyika xa esiva la mazwi. Kodwa ngaba zonke ezi mbombozela ziyingozi ngokwenene? Masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.
Yintoni 'ukumbombozela kwentliziyo'?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba intliziyo yethu yimpompo emangalisayo enamagumbi amane. Yile nto ipompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ineengcango ezine (iivalvu) ezisebenza njengempompo yokugcina eli gazi lihamba kwicala elinye kuphela. Xa ezi ngcango zivuleka kwaye zivalwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, siva isandi esiqhelekileyo sentliziyo esithi "lub-dub".
Ngoko ke esi sandi singaphezulu esibizwa ngokuba yi-'murmur' sivela njani? Ngamafutshane, esi sandi senziwa xa kukho ukuvaleka okanye ukuhamba kwegazi okungaqhelekanga entliziyweni. Kufana naxa amanzi ehamba ngokukhululeka ngombhobho wamanzi, akukho sandi, kodwa ukuba umbhobho uvalekile okanye unomngxuma omncinci, kukho isandi esithi "s...s..".
Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:
- Ukuhamba kwegazi ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokucutheka kwevalvu yentliziyo.
- Ivalvu engavali kakuhle kwaye igazi livuza ngasemva (ivalvu evuzayo).
- Umngxuma omncinci phakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo ongekho rhoqo.
- Unxibelelwano olungaqhelekanga phakathi kwemithambo yegazi ephambili ephuma entliziyweni.
- Ukuqina okungaqhelekanga kweendonga zentliziyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke iimbombo ezibonisa ukugula. Enyanisweni, malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabantwana abasempilweni kunye nesithathu kwisine seentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ziya kuva imbombo engenatyala ngaxa lithile ebomini bazo.
Iintlobo zemibubulelo ezingenabungozi (ezingenatyala) kwaye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe (ezibangela ukugula)
Xa umntwana wakho esiva ukugquma kwentliziyo, ugqirha uya kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukugquma okungenatyala okanye ukugquma okubangelwa yimeko yentliziyo. Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze uqonde lo mahluko.
| Uphawu | Ukububula okungenatyala | Ukumbombozela ekufuneka kuxhalatyelwe ngako (Ukumbombozela okubangelwa zizifo) |
|---|---|---|
| Isandi osivayo | Isandi esithambileyo nesifutshane. Njengomoya ovuthuzayo. | Isandi esirhabaxa, esirhabaxa, nesiqhubekayo. |
| Utshintsho ngokwendawo yomzimba | Ubunzulu besandi buyatshintsha xa umntwana ehleli okanye ephakama. Ngamanye amaxesha asivakali. | Isandi siyaqhubeka nokuvakala nokuba indawo yomzimba itshintshile. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Akukho zimpawu zimbi. Umntwana udlala kakuhle, utya kwaye usela, kwaye utyeba. | Ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya ubunzima bokuphefumla, imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye neminwe, ubunzima bokuncancisa, kunye nokungaphumeleli ukutyeba. |
| Iziphumo zokugqibela | Esi sandi siyanyamalala njengoko umntwana ekhula. Akukho nyango lufunekayo. | Luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo esingabonakaliyo. Kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo kunye nonyango. |
Zithini iingxaki zikagqirha?
Xa ugqirha esiva ukugquma, uxhalaba kakhulu ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Umsindo: Ingxolo ingakanani? (Ezi zilinganiswe ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-6).
- Isandi esivakalayo: Ingaba sivakala siphezulu okanye siphantsi?
- Iviwa phi: Iviwa phi esifubeni kakhulu?
- Ukukhanya: Ngaba esi sandi siphuma kwezinye iindawo zesifuba okanye umqolo?
- Ixesha: Esi sandi sivakala nini phakathi kwentliziyo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo? Xa intliziyo ifinyela (`Systole`) okanye iphumla (`Diastole`)?
Kuphela emva kokuhlalutya ngononophelo olu lwazi apho ugqirha aza kugqiba khona ukuba oku akunabungozi okanye ukuba isigulana sifanele sithunyelwe kwingcali yentliziyo yabantwana.
Ukumbombozela Kwentliziyo Kwiintsana Ezisandul’ Ukuzalwa
Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zive intliziyo ikhala. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi zandi zinokwenzeka ngexesha lokuvala ezinye zeevalvu zentliziyo ekuzalweni. Ngoko ke, nokuba ugqirha uthi kukho ukukhala ngexesha lokuhlolwa kokuqala, ungoyiki. Kudla ngokunyamalala ngexesha lokuhlolwa okulandelayo, okwenziwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukugquma kuyaqhubeka okanye ukuba ugqirha unento encinci yokukukrokrela ngayo, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kukuthumela ukuze ufumane olunye uvavanyo.
Iimpawu zesilumkiso ekufuneka uziqaphele
Ukuba uyazi ukuba umntwana wakho une-snumbre, hlala ulumkele ezi mpawu zilandelayo. Ukuba ubona nayiphi na kwezi, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuphefumla kancinci: Ukuba uziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla, ingakumbi xa uncancisa okanye usenza umsebenzi olula.
- Ukuba unezifo zesifuba ezihlala zikho.
- Ubunzima bokusela okanye ukutya ubisi: Ukuziva udiniwe, ubila, kwaye uyeke ukusela ubisi emva kokusela ubisi oluncinci.
- Ukungaphumeleli kokukhula: Ukuba ukunyuka kobunzima akufanelekanga ngokweminyaka.
- Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwemilebe, ulwimi, okanye ulusu (iCyanosis): Ukuba oku kubonakala xa ulila okanye uncancisa, kusenokuba luphawu lokungabikho komoya-mpilo owaneleyo egazini ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni.
Iimpawu ezinje zithetha ukuba ukurhawuzelela kusenokuba kunxulumene nohlobo oluthile lwesifo sentliziyo.
Unyango kunye namanyathelo alandelayo
Ingxolo engenatyala ayifuni naluphi na unyango. Ayifuni amayeza, utyando, okanye imiqathango kwimisebenzi yomntwana. Iya kuziphelela ngokwayo njengoko umntwana ekhula. Esi sandi sinokuba sikhulu ngamaxesha omkhuhlane okanye uxinzelelo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukurhawuzelela kuyingozi, kufuneka kufunyanwe unobangela. Ugqirha angacebisa uvavanyo oluthile, olufana nolu:
- I-Echocardiography (Echo): Oku kufana ne-ultrasound scan yentliziyo. Ingayibona ngokucacileyo indlela esebenza ngayo amagumbi entliziyo, iivalvu, iindonga, nokuba kukho imingxunya okanye ukuvuza kwiivalvu.
- I-X-reyi yesifuba: Oku kunceda ukufumana umbono wobukhulu kunye nokuma kwentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi ekhokelela emiphungeni.
Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko yentliziyo ebangela ukugquma. Ezinye izifo zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo ziyaphela ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezinye zinokufuna amayeza okanye utyando.
Enye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqaphele kukuba ezinye izifo zentliziyo zibeka umntwana wakho emngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana usulelo lwentliziyo (infective endocarditis). Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo ngaphambi kokukhutshwa kwezinyo okanye olunye utyando.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ayizizo zonke iintlungu zentliziyo eziviwa ebantwaneni eziyingozi. Uninzi lwazo alunabungozi.
- Ukugquma akusiso isifo, sisandi nje esinokuba luphawu lwesifo.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubunzima bokutya/ukusela ubisi, okanye ukungaphumeleli ukutyeba, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuba ucela ukuba ubuye ukuze uhlolwe, qiniseka ukuba uya ngomhla omiselweyo.
- Lilungelo lakho ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na inkxalabo okanye uloyiko onalo.
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