Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-DXA scan (Bone Density Test) elinganisa amandla amathambo akho!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi amathambo akho aqine kangakanani ngaphakathi? Ngezinye izikhathi asikwazi ukuwabona ngaphandle, kodwa uhlelo lwethu lwamathambo yilona olusigcina simile futhi lusekela wonke umzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngamandla ala mathambo, ikakhulukazi ukugwema ezinye zezinkinga zempilo ezihambisana nokuguga. Yilapho i-DXA scan (Bone Density Test) ingasisiza khona.

Kuyini ukuskena kwe-DXA? Kalula nje...

I-DXA scan iyisivivinyo esikhethekile esilinganisa amandla, noma ubuningi, bamathambo akho. Isebenzisa ama-X-ray ukubona ukuthi amathambo akho aqine futhi aqine kangakanani. I-DXA imele i-"Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry." Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukukhumbula igama elide kangaka, sonke simane sikubize ngokuthi i-DXA scan, noma isivivinyo sobuningi bamathambo. Sasivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-DEXA scan, kodwa odokotela abasasebenzisi lelo gama kakhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezifo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-DXA scan?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela angakucela ukuthi wenze i-DXA scan. Eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Thola i-Osteoporosis: Lesi yisifo lapho amathambo eba buthaka, abe buthakathaka, futhi aphuke kalula. Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka ngokuguga.
• Qaphela isimo se-osteopenia: Lesi yisimo lapho ubuningi bamathambo buphansi kunokujwayelekile, yize bungasibi njenge-osteoporosis, futhi amathambo aqala ukuba mancane. Lokhu kungaba yimbangela ye-osteoporosis.
• Hlola ingozi yakho yokuphuka: Uma amathambo akho ebuthaka, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uphuke ithambo ngisho noma uwe kancane. Lokhu kuskena kungakusiza ukuthi unqume ingozi yakho.

Odokotela basebenzisa futhi lolu vivinyo ukuze babone ukuthi amathambo akho ashintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Cabanga ngalokhu ngale ndlela:

• Amandla amathambo ayancipha ngokwemvelo njengoba ekhula. Bona ukuthi kwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi kunciphe kangakanani.
• Eminye imithi (njenge-corticosteroids) ingabangela ukulahlekelwa amathambo njengomphumela ongemuhle uma uqala ukuyithatha . Hlola impilo yamathambo akho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukwelashwa.
• Uma usuvele welashwa ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Osteoporosis" noma "i-Osteopenia", hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi lezo zindlela zokwelapha zithuthukise noma ziqinise amathambo akho.

Ingabe ngidinga ukuskena kwe-DXA?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angazuza nge-DXA scan ukuhlola ubuningi bamathambo akhe. Udokotela wakho angancoma lokhu kuhlolwa uma ekhathazekile ngobuningi bamathambo akho noma ingozi yakho yokuphuka.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu ngokwemvelo basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezithinta ukuminyana kwamathambo, njenge-osteoporosis. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningana ezincoma ukuhlolwa kwe-DXA okuvamile :

• Abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.
• Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala.
• Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala abake baba nethambo eliphukile ngaphambilini (ngisho nangengozi encane)
• Abantu abanabazali noma ogogo nomkhulu abake baba ne-osteoporosis.
• Abantu abafushane ngamasentimitha angu-1.5 noma ngaphezulu kunabo lapho befika esicongweni (ngokuvamile abaseminyakeni yabo yo-20). (Lokhu kungaba uphawu lobuthakathaka bamathambo.)

Ngisho nalabo abangaphansi kwale mingcele yobudala, abasengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa amathambo, kungadingeka ukuthi bahlolwe njalo nge-DXA. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kufanele wenze nini futhi kangaki lokhu kuhlolwa.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezithinta ukuqina kwamathambo?

Izimo ezithile zempilo kanye nemithi oyithathayo kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga ngokuqina kwamathambo akho. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba .
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi.
• Ukulutheka kotshwala noma ukuphuza amayunithi angaphezu kwamathathu otshwala ngosuku.
• Ukuntuleka kwevithamini D.
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi efana ne -corticosteroids .
• Eminye imithi yokulwa nomdlavuza .
• Eminye imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba .
• Ama-hormone suppressants .
• Imithi yezinye izifo zesifo sokuwa .
• Ama-proton pump inhibitors (ama-PPI) (lawa avame ukunqunyelwa izimo ezifana ne-gastritis kanye nesifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)).
• I-Heparin (umuthi ovimbela ukujiya kwegazi).

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo (i-DXA scan)?

Ukuhlolwa kobuningi bamathambo kusebenzisa ama-X-ray aphansi ukukala ubuningi kanye nokwakheka kwamaminerali kwamathambo akho. Kufana kancane ne-X-ray evamile. Yingakho i-X ku-DXA imele u-"X."

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kuyindlela yokulaliswa esibhedlela . Lokho kusho ukuthi akudingeki uhlale esibhedlela. Azikho izinaliti noma imijovo. Futhi akukho ubuhlungu.

Ungase ukwazi ukugqoka izingubo zakho ezivamile kulokhu kuhlolwa, noma ungase ucelwe ukuthi ugqoke ingubo yasesibhedlela.

Nansi indlela i-DXA scan evame ukwenzeka ngayo:

1. Uzolaliswa etafuleni le-X-ray elikhethekile.

2. Uchwepheshe (uchwepheshe we-radiologic) uzokusiza ukuthi uzibeke kahle. Ungabekwa ngaphansi noma eduze kwemilenze yakho ukuze ikusize ukuthi ihlale isendaweni yayo.

3. Bese kuthi, lowo chwephesheUmshini wokuskena uhambisa ingxenye yomzimba wakho efana nengalo emzimbeni wakho. Yilokhu okuthatha izithombe zamathambo akho.

4. Ngokuvamile , inqulu yakho nomgogodla kuyaskenwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi amanye amathambo emzimbeni wakho, njengamathambo engalo yakho, nawo angaskenwa.

Lesi sithwebuli se-DXA sisebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zemisebe ephansi ukukhombisa ubuningi bamathambo akho njengezithombe namagrafu esikrinini sekhompyutha. Amathambo akho abonakala emhlophe. Amafutha, imisipha, nezinye izicubu ezithambile zibonakala njengezithunzi ezimnyama ezithombeni.

Yini okufanele uyigweme ngaphambi kokuskena kwe-DXA?

Ngokuvamile, ngeke kudingeke wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu endleleni yakho yansuku zonke ngaphambi kokuskena kwe-DXA. Ngokuvamile:

• Ungadla futhi uphuze ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Ungaqhubeka nokuphuza imithi yakho yansuku zonke njengokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele okuhlukile.
• Uma uza ukuhlolwa , gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile nezikhululekile. Zama ukugqoka izingubo ezingenazo izingxenye zensimbi (ezifana nama-zipper, izinkinobho, amabhakede). Kuzodingeka ukhumule noma yiziphi izingubo zensimbi kanye nobucwebe ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Okubalulekile: Uma uthatha izithasiselo ze-calcium noma amanye amavithamini ekhemisi, ungazithathi amahora angama-24 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Tshela udokotela wakho ukuthi yimaphi amavithamini kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo. Uzokutshela ukuthi yimaphi ongawathatha nongawathathi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-DXA.

Futhi, awukwazi ukwenza i-DXA scan zingakapheli amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokwenza ezinye izivivinyo zezithombe (isb., i-CT scan esebenzisa idayi yokungafani). Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uhlele i-DXA scan, tshela isikhulu uma unezinye izivivinyo ezihleliwe.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo?

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo ngokuvamile kuthatha imizuzu engama-30 . Lesi sikhathi singahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi mangaki amathambo akho okudingeka ahlolwe.

Ingabe kukhona okungalungile nge-DXA scan?

Eqinisweni, izingozi zokuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo ziphansi kakhulu. Ngeke uzizwe ubuhlungu noma ube nemiphumela emibi ngemva kokuskena.

Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe noma ucabanga ukuthi ukhulelwe, kufanele nakanjani utshele udokotela wakho. Izinga lemisebe elisetshenziswa kuma-DXA scan liphansi kakhulu kangangokuthi alilimazi kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, uma ukhulelwe, kungcono ukugwema zonke izinhlobo zemisebe noma nini lapho kungenzeka.

Ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi kungaba nokwehluka okuncane emiphumeleni yokuskena ye-DXA kuye ngokuthi inkampani eyenza i-scanner ikuphi. Kodwa lokho ngokuvamile akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha ukuqina kwamathambo akho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi angase acele ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe noma okunye ukuhlolwa uma kudingeka.

Iyini imiphumela ye-DXA scan? Isho ukuthini?

Imiphumela ye-DXA scan ikhombisa ukuthi amathambo akho aqinile futhi aqine kangakanani.

Odokotela basebenzisa indlela ebizwa ngokuthi "i-T score" ukukala ubuningi bamathambo akho. Lesi sibalo se-T siqhathanisa ubuningi bamathambo akho nobukhulu bamathambo bomuntu ophilile, oneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 kuya ku-30. Imiphumela ivame ukulinganiswa njengenombolo engemihle. Uma isibalo sakho se-T sisondela ku-zero (akunandaba ukuthi siyinombolo engemihle), amathambo akho aqina kakhulu.

• Phakathi kuka-0 no-1: Ukuqina kwamathambo okunempilo. (Lesi yisimo esihle!)
• Phakathi kuka-1 no-2.5: Une-"Osteopenia". Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-"Osteoporosis."
• -2.5 noma ngaphansi: Une-osteoporosis, noma amathambo abuthakathaka kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi usengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuphuka ithambo.

Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngale miphumela futhi akuchazele ukuthi isho ukuthini. Uma ubuningi bamathambo akho buphansi kunalokho obekulindelekile, uzosikisela ukwelashwa okuzosiza ukugcina amathambo akho eqinile. Isibonelo:

• Vivinya umzimba kakhulu: Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kuqinisa amathambo akho. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba, i-yoga, nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla kuhle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukulahlekelwa amathambo.
• Izithasiselo noma ukudla okukhethekile: Udokotela wakho angakutshela ukuthi uthathe i-vitamin D noma i-calcium supplement. Angakutshela nokuthi udle ukudla okunamavithamini namaminerali amaningi.
• Imithi: Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamathambo nokuvimbela ukuphuka kwamathambo. Eminye imithi yokwelapha i-osteoporosis ingasiza futhi ekwandiseni ukuqina kwamathambo akho.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-DXA scan kanye ne-whole-body bone scan?

Ukuskena kwe-DXA kanye nokuskena kwamathambo omzimba wonke kuyizinto ezimbili ezifanayo. Zombili iziskena ziskena amathambo akho, kodwa odokotela bazisebenzisa ukuhlola izici ezahlukene zempilo yamathambo akho.

• I-DXA scan iyisivivinyo se-X-ray esikhethekile esilinganisa ubuningi bamathambo akho futhi sihlole izifo ezibuthakathaka amathambo njenge-osteoporosis.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamathambo omzimba wonke kungasiza odokotela ukuthi babone ukuthi unomdlavuza yini, njengokuthi ususakazekele emathanjeni akho (ususakazeke kakhulu). Kungasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi umdlavuza wakho ukusiphi isigaba. Kungaphinde kutholakale izifo, ukulimala kwamathambo, nezinye izinkinga.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuskena kwe-DXA, ukuskena kwe-DEXA, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwamathambo... noma ngabe udokotela wakho ukubiza kanjani, kuwukuhlolwa okusheshayo, okulula (futhi okungenabuhlungu).Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi athole izimo ezingathinta ukuqina kwamathambo kusenesikhathi. Kuye ngeminyaka yakho, umlando womndeni wesifo, noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe njalo ukuqina kwamathambo.

Wonke umuntu kufanele akhathazeke ngokuqina kwamathambo akhe njengoba ekhula. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kufanele uhlolwe kangaki i-DXA scan. Kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanomlando womndeni we-osteoporosis ukuthi bahlolwe njalo ukuqina kwamathambo abo.

Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthi ugcine amathambo akho eqinile ngokwanele ukuze akusekele impilo yakho yonke. Ngakho-ke, akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho. Uma kudingeka, hlolwa futhi uqaphele impilo yamathambo akho.

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