Ungalahlekelwa ngisho namehlo akho! Ake sifunde kabanzi mayelana nokususwa kwe-retinal.

Wake wacabanga ukuthi amehlo ethu amangalisa kangakanani? Amehlo ethu asebenza njengekhamera. Ingxenye ebucayi kakhulu nebalulekile yeso yi-retina. Ngezinye izikhathi le retina ingahlukaniswa. Yingakho siyibiza ngokuthi i-retinal detachment, noma `(Retinal Detachment)`. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu, yize singenabuhlungu. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngoba ukuqaphela lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe nakubathandekayo bakho.

Iyini i-retina? Kusho ukuthini ukuhlukanisa?

Kalula nje, i-retina iyi-membrane ezwela ukukhanya ngemuva kweso lakho. Kufana nefilimu ekhamera yefilimu. Uma ukukhanya okuvela ezintweni ozibonayo kuwela ku-retina, kudala izimpawu zikagesi eziya ebuchosheni bakho. Yilapho ubona khona.

Manje cabanga ngakho, kwenzekani uma le retina ihlukana nezicubu eziyondlayo futhi ziyibambe endaweni yayo? Yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal. Uma ihlukana kanje, i-retina ilahlekelwa igazi layo, umoya-mpilo, kanye nezakhamzimba. Lokhu kungalimaza umbono wakho futhi, uma kungelashwa, kungaholela ebumpumputheni. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, lesi simo ngokuvamile asibuhlungu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retinal? Yini okufanele uyenze uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu?

Abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi baba nezimpawu ezithile ngokuzumayo. Ubukhali balezi zimpawu bungahluka kuye ngokuthi ingakanani i-retina ehlukanisiwe.

Qaphela kakhulu ngalezi zimpawu:

• Ukubona izinto eziningi zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho ngesikhathi esisodwa: Amachashazi amancane, izingcezu zentambo, izinto ezifana nenethi, namachashazi amnyama kungase kubonakale sengathi kuntanta lapho uhambisa amehlo akho. Kuvamile ukubona elilodwa noma amabili ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa kufanele ukhathazeke uma uqala ukubona eziningi zazo ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• I-Photopsia: Ukubona izibani sengathi zikhanya ngaphakathi kweso ngokuzumayo.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi umbono wakho uyafiphala: Umbono wakho ongaphandle ungase uzizwe umnyama, njengokungathi kubekwe ikhethini elimnyama eceleni.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi ikhethini elimnyama limboza ingxenye yokubona kwakho: Njengekhethini eliwela efasiteleni, uhlangothi olulodwa lokubona kwakho lungase lube mnyama kancane kancane.

Uma kuvela noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela wamehlo noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuthi ubuhlungu buphele. Odokotela bafuna ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal?

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko i-retina engahlukana ngazo:

1. Uhlobo lwe-Rhegmatogenous: Lolu uhloboUhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka njengoba siguga. Njengoba siguga, into efana nejeli ngaphakathi kweso (ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-vitreous humor') iyancipha, inciphe, bese isuka ku-retina. Lokhu kungabangela imbobo encane ku-retina ('ukudabuka kwe-retinal'). Lembobo ivumela uketshezi olufana nejeli ukuthi luqoqeke ngemuva kwe-retina, lusunduze i-retina kude neso.

2. Uhlobo lokudonswa: Kulolu hlobo, i-retina iyadonswa futhi ihlukaniswe ngenxa yezicubu zesibazi ezakheka ku-retina. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela (`i-Diabetes Mellitus`) banamathuba amaningi okuba nalolu hlobo lokuhlukana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma amazinga kashukela egazini ephezulu isikhathi eside, izicubu zesibazi zingakheka ngenxa yomonakalo emithanjeni yegazi esweni. Njengoba lezi ziba zikhula, ziyadonsa futhi zihlukanise i-retina.

3. Uhlobo lwe-exudative: Kulolu hlobo, uketshezi luqoqana ngemuva kwe-retina ngaphandle kwembobo ku-retina. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zokunqwabelana koketshezi ukuvuza koketshezi oluvela emithanjeni yegazi ngaphakathi kweso noma ukuvuvukala ngemuva kweso. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezithile zokuvuvukala kweso (uveitis).

Kuvame kangakanani ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal?

Lesi akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu. Ngokusho kwedatha yaseMelika, kuthiwa cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabayizinkulungwane eziyishumi angasithola ngonyaka. Olunye ucwaningo luthi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, i-rhegmatogenous lupus, lungakhula ngesilinganiso esiphakathi kuka-6 no-18 kwabayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma ubani angasithola.

Yiziphi izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zokuqhekeka kwe-retinal?

Kunezimbangela eziningana kanye nezici eziyingozi ezibangela lokhu:

• Ukuguga: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 ubudala basengozini enkulu.
• Ukulimala kweso: Uma iso lithola ukushaywa okubukhali, njengasengozini.
• Uma uke waba ne-retina ehlukanisiwe noma uma othile emndenini wakho enalesi simo.
• Uma uke wahlinzwa amehlo ngaphambilini: isibonelo, ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-cataract.
• Abantu abangaboni kahle kude (abangaboni kahle eduze): Kulabo abanezibuko ezibiza kakhulu zikadokotela.
• Ukususwa Kwama-Vitreous Angemuva: Into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweso iyahlukana ne-retina.
• Ezinye izimo ezithinta i-retina: Isibonelo, ukuncipha kwe-retina (ukuwohloka kwe-lattice) noma i-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela.
• Ezinye izifo zamehlo ezizuzwe njengefa.
• Uma iso elilodwa linomgodi noma ukuhlukana kwe-retina, elinye iso nalo lisengozini.

Uma unalezi zici eziyingozi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uhlolwe amehlo akho njalo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Yiziphi izinkinga zalesi simo?

Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal kuyisimo esibi kakhulu.Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono. Eqinisweni, uma kungelashwa, kungaholela ebumpumputheni obuhlala njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Ukuze uthole lokhu, udinga ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvulekile . Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokwandisa iso lakho ngamaconsi amehlo ukuze ahlole i-retina yakho. Ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa, udokotela uzokwazi ukubona i-retina yakho ngokucacile.

Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela wakho angase ancome ezinye izivivinyo ezingenabuhlungu. Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono ocacile noningiliziwe we-retina yakho:

• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokukhulisa iso. Uhlala phambi komshini, ubambe ikhanda lakho linganyakazi, bese umshini uskena iso lakho. Akukho lutho oluthinta iso.
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-fundus: Lokhu futhi kuthatha izithombe ze-retina. Iso livame ukuvuleka ngenxa yalokhu.
• I-ultrasound yamehlo (yamehlo): Lokhu akudingi ukunwetshwa kweso. Kodwa-ke, amaconsi amehlo angasetshenziswa ukuthulisa iso. Ngesikhathi uhleli esihlalweni futhi ikhanda lakho linganyakazi, kufakwa ithuluzi elincane phezu kweso lakho bese liskeniwa. Okulandelayo, ngenkathi amehlo akho evaliwe, kufakwa ijeli phezu kwamehlo akho, bese kusetshenziswa ithuluzi ukuhambisa amehlo akho nxazonke.
• I-CT Scan (`I-Computed Tomography - I-CT scan`): Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola oluhlanganisa 'ama-X-ray' kanye nekhompyutha. Ngokuvamile lwenziwa uma kukhona ukulimala esweni futhi kukhona okusolakala ukuthi kukhona okungene ngaphakathi.

Kuphathwa kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokhuluma nawe ngezinketho zokwelapha ezifanele wena. Ngezinye izikhathi, izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezu kweyodwa zingasetshenziswa ukuze kutholakale imiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Izindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa nge-laser noma i-cryopexy (ukwelashwa ngokuqandisa).
• I-retinopexy yomoya (ukwelashwa ngamabhamuza omoya).
• Ibhande le-scleral (ibhande le-silicone).
• I-Vitrectomy (ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-vitreous).

Ukwelashwa nge-laser noma i-cryopexy

Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphambi kokuba i-retina ihlukane, udokotela angathola imbobo nje ku-retina ('ukukhala kwe-retinal'). Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela usebenzisa i-laser yezokwelapha noma idivayisi yokuqandisa ukuvala imbobo. Lokhu kudala isibazi futhi kusiza i-retina ukuthi ihlale endaweni yayo.

I-retinopexy yomoya (ukwelashwa ngamabhamuza omoya)

Okwenzekayo kulesi simo ukuthi udokotela ufaka i-bubble encane yomoya esweni. I-bubble icindezela i-retina, ivale imbobo. Imbobo ingavalwa unomphela kusetshenziswa i-laser noma i-cryopexy. Uketshezi oluqongelelene ngaphansi kwe-retina lube selumuncwa emzimbeni. I-retina ingaphinde inamathele odongeni lweso. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, i-bubble yomoya nayo imuncwa emzimbeni.

Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlinzwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ikhanda lakho lithule futhi ulale njengoba udokotela esho. Nakuba kungakhululeki kancane, kuwukuzidela kwesikhashana ukuze uthole inzuzo yesikhathi eside.

Ibhande le-scleral (ibhande le-silicone)

Kule nqubo, udokotela uhlinza ngebhande le-silicone noma isiponji ('ibhande') eduze kweso. Leli bhande lisiza ukubamba i-retina endaweni yayo. Ibhande lihlala likhona unomphela, kodwa awukwazi ukulibona. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbobo ivalwa kusetshenziswa i-laser noma i-cryopexy. Ngezinye izikhathi, ibhamuza lomoya lingabhobozwa noma uketshezi lungasuswa ngaphansi kwe-retina ukusiza i-retina ukuthi ibambeke kabusha.

I-Vitrectomy (ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-vitreous)

Nazi izinto ezenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-vitrectomy:

• Into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweso (i-'vitreous') isuswa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Noma yiziphi izimbobo ku-retina ziyavalwa kusetshenziswa i-laser noma indlela yokuqandisa.
• Kufakwa ibhamuza lomoya, igesi, noma uwoyela ngaphakathi kweso ukuze kucindezelwe i-retina ibuyele endaweni yayo.

Uma udokotela efaka ibhamuza lamafutha, lizosuswa ngokuhlinzwa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo. Amabhamuza omoya negesi amuncwa umzimba. Uma unebhamuza lomoya elifakwe esweni lakho, kuzodingeka uyeke ukuya ezindaweni eziphakeme nokundiza isikhashana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubukhulu bebhamuza lomoya kanye nengcindezi engaphakathi kweso (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso) kunganda njengoba ukuphakama kushintsha. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungazenza nini lezi zinto futhi.

Ingabe kukhona izinkinga noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Ukuhlinzwa kokuhlukanisa i-retina ngokuvamile kuphumelela kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa, kunezingozi nezinkinga ezithile:

• Ukopha.
• Ukutheleleka.
• Ukwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kweso.
• Kungenzeka ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi kwenziwe olunye ukuhlinzwa.
• Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ulwelwesi lungase lwakheke, olungancipha futhi ludonse izicubu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ``Proliferative Retinopathy`` noma ``Epiretinal membrane``.
• Washeshe waba nesifo se-cataract, okwadinga ukuhlinzwa.

Yini ongayilindela ngemva kokuhlinzwa kokususwa kwe-retina?

Ngemva kokwelashwa, ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile amasonto ambalwa. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngamaphilisi obuhlungu nezinye izindlela zokukusiza. Kufanele futhi ugweme umsebenzi onzima amasonto ambalwa. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi ungaqhubeka nini nokuzivocavoca, ukushayela, kanye neminye imisebenzi evamile.

Ezinye izinto ongazilindela ngemva kokuhlinzwa:

• I-Eye patch: Gcina i-eye patch ivaliwe kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze kanjalo.
• Indlela yokubamba ikhanda lakho: Uma une-blister esweni lakho, landela imiyalelo ngqo yokuthi ungalibamba kanjani ikhanda lakho. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi ungalibamba kanjani ikhanda lakho nokuthi ulibambe isikhathi esingakanani ukuze iso lakho liphole.
• Amaconsi Amehlo: Udokotela uzokunikeza imiyalelo yokuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani amaconsi amehlo ukusiza amehlo akho alulame.
• Ukuthuthukiswa kombono: Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi umbono wakho uthuthuka kancane kancane phakathi kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kungathatha izinyanga eziningana ukubona imiphumela ephelele.

Ingabe ukuhlukana kwe-retina kungavinjelwa?

Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, olubizwa ngokuthi i-rhegmatogenous, alunakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho:

• Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo: Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kungasiza ekuvikeleni impilo yamehlo akho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwamehlo akho uma une-nearboneness (myopia), njengoba i-myopia yandisa ingozi yakho yokuba ne-retinal detachment. Udokotela wakho wamehlo angenza ukuhlolwa okuvulekile ukuhlola izimbobo ezincane ku-retina yakho.
• Hlala uphephile: Sebenzisa izivikelo zamehlo njengezibuko zokuphepha uma udlala imidlalo noma wenza umsebenzi oyingozi.
• Funa ukwelashwa okusheshayo: Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retinal, bonana nodokotela wamehlo noma uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha.
• Gcina impilo yakho iyonke: lawula izifo ezingamahlalakhona, yidla ukudla okunempilo, futhi uvivinye umzimba njalo.

Ukuvimbela i-traction glaucoma ebangelwa yisifo sikashukela, kusiza ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kanye nomfutho wegazi kahle.

Kufanele uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaki?

Ngokuvamile kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlolwa amehlo akho kanye ngonyaka kubantu abasengozini encane yokuthola isifo samehlo. Uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo samehlo, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho kaningi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nesimiso sokuhlolwa esingcono kakhulu kuwe.

Kwenzekani uma ngithola ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal?

Isimo sakho sizoncika ezintweni ezifana nokuthi umbono wakho wawunjani ngaphambi kokuhlukana kwe-retinal, ukuthi ukuhlukana sekuqhubeke kangakanani, nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ezinye izinkinga. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngohlobo lombono ongalindela ukuwuthola kabusha.

Ukuhlinzwa kokususwa kwe-retinal rhegmatogenous kuvame ukuphumelela kakhulu - abantu abayisishiyagalolunye kwabayishumi bayalulama. Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukuhlinzwa okungaphezu kokukodwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe kabusha i-retinal.

Ingabe i-retina ingabuya?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlukana kwe-retinal kwenzeke izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa kwesibili. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela ongazithatha ukuze uvikele umbono wakho.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wamehlo ngqo, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokuma kwekhanda kanye nemisebenzi yakho.

Buza udokotela wakho ngezindlela zokwenza izinto zibe lula, njengokusebenzisa umcamelo wentamo oqinile ukusiza ukugcina ikhanda lakho lisesimweni esisodwa. Uma kufanele ulale ubheke phansi, ihhovisi likadokotela wakho lingakusiza ukuthi uthole imishini yobuso obubheke phansi ongayisebenzisa ekhaya.

Kufanele ngiye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ohlinzayo izobhala ukuthi yiziphi izimo eziphuthumayo, kodwa kufanele ushayele udokotela wakho ucingo noma ufune ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ngokushesha uma kwenzeka noma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Uma kubuhlungu kakhulu, kuvela ubuhlungu obungalindelekile.
• Uma uba nezimpawu zokutheleleka (isib. ukuvuvukala, umkhuhlane).
• Uma kukhona ukuphuma okungalindelekile okuvela endlebeni.
• Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami wamehlo?

Uma une-retina ehlukanisiwe (noma usengozini enkulu yokuba nayo), buza udokotela wakho ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-cataracts kimi?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlinzwa?
• Ngingayivikela kanjani impilo yamehlo ami ngemva kokuhlinzwa?
• Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo kangaki?
• Yini enye engingayenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi yokuqhekeka kwe-retinal?

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kuyisimo esingenabuhlungu kodwa esibucayi. Uma ngokuzumayo uqala ukubona izinto ezintantayo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo, noma umbono ofiphele, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Bona udokotela wamehlo noma uye egumbini eliphuthumayo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kudinga uhlobo oluthile lokuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela kungenzeka. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ukuze uvikele umbono wakho.

Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezinso , Izifo Zamehlo, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona, Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo, Izimpawu Zamehlo, Impilo Yamehlo