Ingabe nawe ubhekene nalokhu kukhwehlela kakhulu? Ake sifunde kabanzi ngeSifo Sofuba!

Uma uzwa igama elithi isifo sofuba, ungase wesabe kancane, akunjalo? Ungase ucabange izinto ezinjengokuthi, "O, nami ngizosithola?" noma "Akusona yini lesi sifo esiyingozi?" Kodwa uma wazi kahle ukuthi siyini lesi sifo, ukuthi sikhula kanjani, nokuthi yini esingayenza ngaso, lokho kwesaba kuzoncipha kakhulu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngesifo sofuba, noma `(isifo sofuba – i-TB)`, kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda kahle kakhulu.

Kuyini iSifo Sofuba? Kalula nje...

Isifo sofuba yisifo esibangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane . Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, into encane ebangela lokhu yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`. Ivame ukuthinta amaphaphu ethu . Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ingathinta nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zomzimba, njengomgogodla wethu, ubuchopho kanye nezinso.

Ingabe wonke umuntu uba nezimpawu zesifo sofuba? I-TB Ecashile Nesebenzayo

Nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu. Akuwona wonke umuntu othola igciwane lesifo sofuba ozoba nezimpawu. Akumangazi lokho?

• I-TB Ecashile: Abanye abantu bangaba naleli gciwane emizimbeni yabo futhi bahlale bephilile ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-TB ecashile'. Cabanga ngakho njengesitha esilele emzimbeni wakho. Uma amasosha omzimba wakho enamandla , angalawula leli gciwane futhi aligcine lilele. Ngale ndlela, abanye abantu bangahlala bengenazo izimpawu impilo yabo yonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-13 e-United States baphila nalolu hlobo 'lwe-TB Ecashile'.
• I-TB Esebenzayo: Kodwa... uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthaka ngandlela thile - mhlawumbe ngenxa yesifo esithile, imithi oyiphuzayo, noma ngoba nje usukhulile - lawo magciwane angasebenzi angavuka abe asebenzayo. Yilapho isifo siba 'i-TB esebenzayo'. Yilapho kuvela khona izimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-TB esebenzayo?

Manje ake sibheke izimpawu zomuntu onesifo sofuba esisebenzayo. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi, ingabe kuwumqondo omuhle ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha?

• Ukukhwehlela okukhulu okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili: Lokhu kungenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu esifubeni sakho uma uphefumula noma ukhwehlela.
• Ukukhwehlela i-phlegm noma igazi: Uma ukhwehlela i-phlegm (isikhwehlela/amafinyila) kanye negazi elincane, lokho kuyinto okufanele uyinake.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ungenampilo (Ukukhathala/Ubuthakathaka): Ungase uzizwe ukhathele kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla: Ungase ulahlekelwe yisifiso sokudla sonke.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo: Uma wehlisa isisindo ngokungalindelekile.
• Ukugodola kanye nomkhuhlane: Akuyona nje noma yimuphi umkhuhlane, kodwa umkhuhlane obangela ukugodola.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku: Ungase ujuluke kakhulu ngenkathi ulele kangangokuthi amashidi akho ombhede abe manzi.

Khumbula: Ungase ube ne-TB ecashile, okusho ukuthi ungase ungakhombisi zimpawu. Kodwa uma uhlola i-TB, kungase kube nomphumela omuhle.

Yini ebangela isifo sofuba?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, imbangela yalokhu igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`. Leli gciwane lisakazeka emoyeni . Uma umuntu onesifo sofuba ekhwehlela, ethimula, ekhuluma, ehlabelela, noma ehleka, la magciwane akhishwa emoyeni, futhi uma siphefumula lowo moya, angangena emaphashini ethu. Ngezinye izikhathi, amagciwane angena emzimbeni ngale ndlela angaya nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo sofuba?

Yebo, uhlobo oluyinhloko noluvame kakhulu lwesifo sofuba yisifo sofuba esithinta amaphaphu. Sisibiza ngokuthi yi -Pulmonary Tuberculosis .

Kodwa-ke, leli gciwane lingathinta nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi isifo sofuba esingaphandle kwamaphaphu .

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Miliary Tuberculosis . Sisakazeka emzimbeni wonke futhi singabangela izimo ezibucayi ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi lobuchopho - Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(i-Meningitis)`.
• Isifo Sofuba Somgogodla - Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(isifo sikaPott)` noma `(Isifo Sofuba Somgogodla)`.
• Isifo sika-Addison, isimo esihlobene nezindlala ze-adrenal.
• I-Hepatitis.
• Ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node entanyeni - Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Scrofula)`.

Isifo sofuba sidluliselwa kanjani?

Lokhu kuyinto okudingeka siyazi ngokuqinisekile. Isifo sofuba sisakazeka lapho umuntu one -TB yamaphaphu asebenzayo ekhwehlela, ethimula, ekhuluma, ehlabelela, noma ehleka. Okubaluleke kakhulu, sisakazeka kuphela ngabantu abanegciwane elisebenzayo emaphashini abo .

Ngokuvamile, ukuze uthole lesi sifo, kufanele ube nokuxhumana okuseduze nomuntu onesifo isikhathi eside . Akulula ukusithola kumuntu ohlangana naye emgwaqweni.

Iningi labantu abaphefumula amagciwane e-TB banekhono lokulwa namagciwane futhi bawavimbe ukuthi angakhuli. Yilapho-ke i-TB efihliwe engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni ivela khona.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuchayeka ofubeni?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuchayeka kugciwane lesifo sofuba. Ake sibheke ukuthi bangobani:

• Isifo sofuba singasakazeka kalula kubantu abahlala noma abasebenza ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, njengamajele, amakhaya asebekhulile, amakhaya asebekhulile, izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nezindawo zokukhosela.
• Kulabo abasebenza emalabhorethri e-microbiology (ilabhorethri ye-Mycobacterial).
• Ezindaweni lapho isifo sofuba sivame khona, njengeLatin America, iCaribbean, i-Afrika, i-Asia, iMpumalanga Yurophu, kanye neRussiaKulabo abake bahlala noma bahamba.
• Kulabo abaye baxhumana eduze nomuntu owaziwayo noma okusolwa ukuthi unesifo sofuba.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-TB ecashile noma i-TB esebenzayo?

Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sofuba esicashile sibe yi-TB esebenzayo:

• Kulabo abafaka imithi ngemithambo yegazi.
• Kulabo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Isibonelo, izinsana, izingane ezincane, abantu abane-HIV, kanye nabantu abathatha imithi ecindezela izivikeli mzimba.
• Kulabo abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona njengesifo sezinso nesifo sikashukela.
• Kulabo abake bafakelwa isitho somzimba.
• Kulabo abenza i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza.

Odokotela bahlonza kanjani isifo sofuba?

Uma usola ukuthi unesifo sofuba, uma ubona udokotela, bangenza lezi zivivinyo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lena yindlela eyinhloko yokuhlola ukuthi uke wavezwa yini yibhaktheriya yesifo sofuba.
• Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kwe-sputum kanye noketshezi lwamaphaphu: Kuthathwa isampula ye-sputum yakho bese kuhlolwa ukuthi ayinawo yini amagciwane.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ushintsho emaphashini.
• Ukuskena kwe-CT: Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kusiza ukuthola isithombe esicacile kune-X-ray.

Isifo sofuba singelashwa kanjani? Ingabe singelapheka?

Yebo! Isifo sofuba sisifo esingelapheki ngempela! Kodwa sidinga ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele.

Odokotela belapha i-TB esebenzayo kanye ne-cached ngezinhlobo ezithile zama -antibiotic . Ukuze uqede ngokuphelele ukutheleleka, kuzodingeka uthathe izinhlobo eziningana zemithi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Udinga ukuthatha lo muthi isikhathi eside – okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeda yonke inkambo yemithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa usuku olulodwa. Kulapho-ke kuphela lapho uzokwazi khona ukuqeda ngokuphelele leli gciwane emzimbeni wakho.

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Kwenzekani uma ungawuthathi kahle umuthi noma uyeka ukuwuthatha phakathi nendawo? Lesi sifo singabuya. Okuyingozi nakakhulu ukuthi amabhaktheriya angashintsha abe ukumelana nomuthi (ukumelana nemithi). Uma lokho kwenzeka, kuba nzima kakhulu ukwelapha.

Imithi yokwelapha isifo sofuba

Nazi ezinye izinhlobo zemithi udokotela wakho angase ayinikeze:

• `(Isoniazid)`
• `(I-Rifampin)`
• `(I-Ethambutol)`
• `(I-Pyrazinamide)`
• `(I-Rifapentine)`

(Lezi yizinhlobo zemithi evame ukunqunywa. Udokotela uzohlola isimo sakho bese ekunikeza inhlanganisela efanele kakhulu yemithi kanye nomthamo.)

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?

Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa uqala umuthi, uzozizwa ungcono kancane, futhi izimpawu zakho zizoqala ukuncipha. Ukukhwehlela kwakho kuzophela, futhi isifiso sakho sokudla sizokhula. Kodwa ungayeki ukuthatha umuthi ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono! Isikhathi sonke sokwelashwa sizothatha phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neziyi-9. Udinga ukuthatha umuthi ngendlela efanele phakathi naleso sikhathi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa isifo sofuba, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Uma uba nezimpawu zesifo sofuba (ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ukwehla kwesisindo), qiniseka ukuthi uyahlolwa, ngoba ungasidlulisela komunye umuntu.
• Uma uphuza imithi yesifo sofuba futhi uzizwa sengathi unemiphumela emibi evela emithini (isib., ukuphuzi kwamehlo, ubuhlungu bomzimba, isicanucanu), tshela udokotela wakho ngalokho futhi.

Yini esingayenza ukuvimbela ukukhula nokusabalala kwesifo sofuba?

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Sonke singaba negalelo kulokhu.

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho njalo.
• Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngendololwane noma ngethishu uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula. Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula phambi kwabanye uma ungaphandle.
• Uma unezimpawu zesifo sofuba, nciphisa ukusondelana nabanye abantu ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Uma welashwa isifo sofuba, thatha yonke imithi oyinikezwe udokotela ngesikhathi esifanele.
• Uma unesifo sofuba esisebenzayo, ungabuyeli emsebenzini noma esikoleni kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekunike imvume.

Ezibhedlela, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvimba ukusabalala kwesifo sofuba ukungenisa umoya kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu (i-PPE) (njengemaski) ngabasebenzi bezokwelapha.

Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela isifo sofuba?

Yebo, kukhona umuthi wokugomela obizwa ngokuthi `(BCG - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)`. Amanye amazwe (awusetshenziswa kabanzi emazweni afana neMelika, kodwa usetshenziswa emazweni afana neSri Lanka) ayawusebenzisa. Ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho isifo sofuba sivame khona, lo muthi wokugomela unikezwa izingane ezincane ukuze uzivikele ezifweni ezinkulu zesifo.

Isifo sofuba sivame kangakanani?

Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization, ngo-2020, abantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-10 emhlabeni wonke bangenwa yisifo sofuba, kwathi ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-1.5 bafa. Ngesinye isikhathi, isifo sofuba sasiyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa e-United States. Kodwa-ke, ngokwethulwa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, inani lalaba ziguli lehla ngokushesha ngawo-1940 nawo-1950. Isifo sofuba siyinkinga enkulu yezempilo eSri Lanka.

Kodwa khumbula, isifo sofuba singelapheka uma ulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha futhi uthatha imithi efanele.

Okokugcina, izinto okudingeka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi uzokwazi ukukhumbula amanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla mayelana nesifo sofuba.

Isifo sofuba akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili , umkhuhlane, ukujuluka ebusuku, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.
• Uma uke waxhumana eduze nomuntu onesifo sofuba, tshela udokotela.
• Kukhona ukwelashwa kwesifo sofuba, futhi uma ukwelashwa kwenziwa kahle futhi ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe, kungelapheka ngokuphelele.
• Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono kancane uma uqala ukuthatha umuthi, ungayeki ukuwuthatha kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala ukuthi uwuthathe.
• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukucabanga ngempilo yakho kanye nempilo yalabo abakuzungezile bese wenza ngendlela efanele.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela womndeni wakho noma isikhungo sezempilo sikahulumeni esiseduze. Hlala uphilile!

Isifo sofuba, i-TB, ukukhwehlela, amaphaphu, ukutheleleka, ukwelashwa, izimpawu