Ingabe unomdlavuza engxenyeni engezansi yomphimbo wakho? Ake sixoxe ngomdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal!

Wake wazibuza ngomdlavuza womphimbo ? Cishe uke wazibuza. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomdlavuza olwenzeka emphinjeni, kodwa okungakhulunywa kangako ngalo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal. Kalula nje, lukhula engxenyeni engezansi yomphimbo wethu, okungukuthi, engxenyeni engezansi yomphimbo (`(Pharynx)`), ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwebhokisi lezwi (`(Larynx)`). Ake sibheke lokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa, akunjalo?

Uvame kangakanani lo mdlavuza?

Empeleni, lo mdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal awuvamile kangako. Cabanga nje, ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, abantu abangu-2000 kuya ku-4000 kuphela abatholakala benalesi sifo ngonyaka. Kodwa uma siqhathanisa nento efana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu , lelo nani liphansi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngo-2023 kuphela, kuthiwa abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ezinkulungwane batholakala benomdlavuza wamaphaphu eMelika. Ngakho-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi lokhu kuyinto engavamile, okusho ukuthi akubonakali njalo.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal?

Inkinga eyodwa lapha ukuthi lo mdlavuza ungase ungakhombisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza ungase usakazeke (usuvele ususakazeke) ngesikhathi izimpawu zivela. Kodwa-ke, izimpawu ezivele zingafaka:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu noma umuzwa wokuthi kukhona okubhajwe emphinjeni.
• Ukushoshozela .
• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla .
• Ubuhlungu bendlebe .
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele entanyeni .
• Ukuphelelwa umoya noma into ebhajwe emphinjeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (` Ukukhathala` ).
• Izinguquko zezwi .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma umsindo lapho uphefumula (`(Stridor)`).
• Ukukhwehlela igazi .
• Ukuba mncane ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi ukuthi unalo mdlavuza ngoba nje unalezi zimpawu. Ngoba lezi zimpawu zingabonakala nakwezinye izifo ezincane. Kodwa-ke, uma noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubona udokotela futhi ucele iseluleko.

Kungani umdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal ukhula?

Kalula nje, lo mdlavuza ukhula emaseli amboze i-hypopharynx yakho (ingxenye yomphimbo wakho emboze umphimbo wakho). Lawa maseli ayashintshashintsha abe umdlavuza, ahlukanise ngokungalawuleki futhi akhe amathumba. Ochwepheshe abakwazi ukusho ngempela ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile eziyingozi ezandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuthola lo mdlavuza. Lezi yizi:

• Ukubhema: Lesi yisona sici esikhulu kunazo zonke esibangela umdlavuza womphimbo, okuhlanganisa nomdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ugwayi, ugwayi, ukubhema ngepayipi, ukusebenzisa ugwayi kagesi (`(e-cigarettes)`), ukuhlafuna ugwayi, itshungama, kanye nogwayi ohlafuna.
• Ukuphuza utshwala obuningi nobuningi: Ukuphuza utshwala obuningi nobuningi kuchazwa njengokuphuza amayunithi angaphezu kwamabili otshwala ngosuku kwabesilisa kanye namayunithi angaphezu kweyodwa ngosuku kwabesifazane.
• Ukutheleleka nge-HPV: I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) iyisifo esithathelwana ngocansi (STI). Singasakazeka ngocansi lomlomo nomuntu onegciwane.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingavela kulesi simo?

Umdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal ungasakazeka uye kuma-lymph node entanyeni ezigabeni zawo zokuqala. Yingakho kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela uma ubona iqhubu entanyeni yakho. Uma ungelashwa, lo mdlavuza ungasakazeka ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• Umphimbo wakho (`(Umbhobho)`).
• Ezinye izingxenye zomphimbo.
• Indlala yegilo (`(Igilo)`).
• Umphimbo (i-trachea).
• Ithambo le-Hyoid (`(Ithambo le-Hyoid)`).
• Ulwelwesi lwesifuba.
• Izicubu ezizungeze ingxenye engenhla yomgogodla.
• Umthambo we-Carotid (`(umthambo we-Carotid)`).

Lo mdlavuza utholakala kanjani?

Uma ubona udokotela, uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi usunesikhathi esingakanani unazo, nokuthi usebenzisa ugwayi noma utshwala, njengoba lezi zinto zandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola lo mdlavuza.

Udokotela uzokuxilonga. Uzothinta intamo yakho ukuze abone ukuthi ama-lymph node akho avuvukele yini, bese ehlola umphimbo wakho.

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (uchwepheshe we-ENT noma i-Otolaryngologist). Uchwepheshe ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni izifo zekhanda nentamo. Angayala ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu:

• I-Endoscopy: Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elide, elincane (i-endoscope) emphinjeni wakho ukuze ahlole ingxenye engezansi yomphimbo wakho. Ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-laryngoscopy nakho kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ibhokisi lezwi (i-larynx).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy (`(Biopsy)`):Udokotela angase acele i-fine-needle aspiration (FNA) ukuze kuthathwe isampula yezicubu. Le sampula yezicubu ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngudokotela wezifo ukuze kuhlolwe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Uma i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuthi unomdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal, uchwepheshe wakho we-ENT uzokudlulisela kudokotela wezifo zomdlavuza. Angase acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuze abone ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kusukela engxenyeni engezansi yomphimbo uye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi i-CT scan (Computed Tomography), i-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), noma i-PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography).

Ake sifunde futhi ngezigaba zomdlavuza kanye namazinga awo.

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza kuyindlela odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza abakhuluma ngayo ngomdlavuza ngokuningiliziwe. Isibonelo, ukuthi isimila sikuphi, ukuthi sisakazeke yini, futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kuphi, noma ukuthi usakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Izigaba zomdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal ziqala eSigabeni I – lapho umdlavuza uvalelwe engxenyeni engezansi yomphimbo futhi ungasakazeki – kuya eSigabeni IV. Isigaba IV yilapho umdlavuza ususakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomphimbo nomlomo, ngemuva kwekhala (nasopharynx), isisekelo sekhanda, kanye nolwelwesi lwesifuba.

Umdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal nawo uhlukaniswa ngokwebanga. Izinga lomdlavuza livumela odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza ukuthi babikezele ukuthi umdlavuza uzosakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani. Lawa mabanga aqala ku-GX (umdlavuza unethuba eliphansi lokusabalala) kuya ku-G3 (umdlavuza kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi usakazeke).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Ukwelashwa okuvamile kakhulu ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila kanye nokwelashwa ngemisebe ukuze kubulawe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza angase futhi ahlanganise ukuhlinzwa ne-chemotherapy noma i-immunotherapy.

Nazi ezinye izinketho zokuhlinzwa zomdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal:

• Ukususwa kwe-pharyngectomy okuyingxenye noma okuphelele: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kususa yonke noma ingxenye yomphimbo wakho. Lokhu kungafaka nokuhlinzwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-laryngectomy, okususa ibhokisi lezwi (i-larynx). Ngenxa yokuthi umphimbo wakho uyakusiza ukuthi uphefumule, kwakheka i-stoma, noma ukuvulwa, ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe ipayipi le-laryngectomy. Uzophefumula ngaleli payipi ngemva kokuhlinzwa.
• Ukususwa kweLaryngectomy (`(Ukususwa kweLaryngectomy)`):Uma uhlinzwa i-laryngectomy, udokotela wakho ohlinzayo angase enze imbobo encane (i-tracheoesophageal puncture – TEP) phakathi komphimbo wakho (i-trachea) kanye ne-esophagus yakho (i-oesophagus). Yilapho kufakwa khona i-voice prosthesis (idivayisi yokukhuluma i-laryngectomy).
• Ukusikwa kwentamo: Udokotela ohlinzayo angenza lokhu ukuze asuse ama-lymph node athintekile entanyeni.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwerobhothi okuhamba ngomlomo (i-TORS): Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvumela odokotela abahlinzayo ukuthi basuse izimila ezinomdlavuza ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela, njengengxenye engezansi yomphimbo.
• Ukuhlinzwa Okwakha Kabusha: Ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe yonke noma ingxenye yomphimbo noma ibhokisi lezwi, ukuhlinzwa okwakha kabusha kungadingeka ukuze kubuyiselwe imisebenzi efana nokudla, ukuphefumula, kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa idivayisi yezwi.

Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza womphimbo kungathinta ikhono lakho lokukhuluma, ukudla nokuphefumula. Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa, buza udokotela wakho ohlinzayo ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzokuthinta kanjani. Isibonelo, ungase usebenze nodokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma (udokotela wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma) ukuze ufunde izindlela zokuphatha noma yiziphi izinkinga zokukhuluma noma zokugwinya ezingase zivele ngenxa yokuhlinzwa.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lo mdlavuza?

Nakuba kungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal:

• Ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa ugwayi nokugwema ukubhema ugwayi osetshenziswa abanye abantu.
• Ukuyeka ukusebenzisa utshwala noma ukunciphisa inani oliphuzayo.
• Zivikele ekuthelelekeni nge-HPV ngokugonyelwa igciwane le-HPV nokwenza ucansi oluphephile.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma nginalesi simo?

Umdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal ungabuya (uphinde ubuye) ngemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kwandisa nengozi yokuthola uhlobo olusha lomdlavuza kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi "umdlavuza wesibili."

Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ube nezikhathi zokulandelela njalo ukuze usize ithimba lakho lokunakekela umdlavuza liqaphe impilo yakho iyonke futhi lihlole izimpawu zokuphinda kuvele, ukusabalala (umdlavuza we-metastatic) we-hypopharyngeal, noma umdlavuza wesibili. Lokhu kulandelela kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwezithombe kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Lokhu kuhlangana kungahlelwa kanje:

• Njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili ngonyaka wokuqala ngemva kokwelashwa.
• Njalo ezinyangeni ezine ngonyaka wesibili .
• Njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngonyaka wesithathu .
• Kanye ngonyaka ngonyaka wesine nowesihlanu .
• Kwezinye izimo, ithimba lakho lokwelapha umdlavuza lingancoma ukuthi uhlolwe impilo yakho yonke .

Ziyini amazinga okusinda?

Uma ucabanga ngamazinga okusinda, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kumane kuyizilinganiso ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye abaye baba nomdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal. Lawa mazinga ahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza usendaweni efanayo lapho waqala khona, usakazekele ezicutshini eziseduze kanye nama-lymph node ('esifunda'), noma usakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ('ezikude').

Futhi, la mazinga angahluka kuye ngempilo yakho iyonke kanye nezinye izici. Cela udokotela wakho wezifo zomdlavuza ukuthi akuchazele ukuthi la mazinga okusinda asebenza kanjani esimweni sakho. Uyakwazi wena kanye nempilo yakho iyonke, ngakho-ke ungumthombo ongcono kakhulu wolwazi.

Ingabe lokhu kungelapheka ngokuphelele?

Kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal ungelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu uma isimila singaphansi kwamasentimitha amabili futhi singasakazekanga. Kodwa-ke, ngokudabukisayo, abantu abaningi abanalo mdlavuza batholakala ukuthi banalesi sifo uma sesisesigabeni esiphezulu.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Uma uke wahlinzwa umphimbo, kuzodingeka ufunde izindlela ezintsha zokuphefumula nokukhuluma. Kungaba ushintsho olukhulu okufanele ulwenze. Ngakho-ke, ungalokothi unqikaze ukucela usizo kudokotela wakho wezifo zolimi lokukhuluma. Bangase babe neziphakamiso zamaqembu okusekela abantu abalulama ekuhlinzweni komphimbo.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ongazinakekela ngazo:

• Cabanga ngokusinda komdlavuza. Umdlavuza we-hypopharyngeal ungabuya, noma umdlavuza wesibili ungavela. Ungase uzizwe ukhathazekile ngekusasa. Izinhlelo eziningi zokululama komdlavuza zihlanganisa ukwesekwa kwezempilo yengqondo.
• Qhubeka ugwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi futhi unciphise ukuphuza kwakho utshwala.
• Yidla kahle. Ukuhlinzwa komphimbo kungathinta ikhono lakho lokudla nokuphuza. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezokudla (uchwepheshe wezokudla) ukuze uthole izinhlelo zokudla kanye nezincomo. Buza uchwepheshe wakho wezokukhuluma nolimi ngezindlela zokuphatha noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphazamise ukudla kahle.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Kuya ngesimo sakho kanye nokwelashwa kwakho. Buza ithimba lakho lokunakekelwa komdlavuza ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu noma izinkinga ongazilindela, nokuthi kufanele uxhumane nalo nini.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza?

Uma ubona udokotela wakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Iyini isigaba somdlavuza wami?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozincomayo?
• Uma ngihlinzwa, yiziphi izinhlelo zokusekela ezitholakalayo zokungisiza ngibhekane nezinguquko ezingase zibangelwe yilokhu kuhlinzwa?
• Ukwelashwa kuzothinta kanjani izinga lempilo yami?
• Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa kwemitholampilo engikufanelekelayo?

Izinto okufanele uzikhumbule ngamafuphi

Umdlavuza we-Hypopharyngeal uyisifo esisongela impilo. Ngeshwa, uvame ukutholakala ngemva kokuba umdlavuza ususakazeke. Kulesi simo, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlinzwe kakhulu bese ushintsha indlela yokuphila futhi ube ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha impilo yakho yonke.

Uma unalo mdlavuza, uzokhululeka ukwazi ukuthi wonke umuntu eqenjini lakho lokunakekelwa komdlavuza uzinikele ekukusizeni. Bazokusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuxilongwa kwakho kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa. Bazokusekela futhi njengoba ufunda ukuphila nezinguquko ezingalethwa ukwelashwa komdlavuza. Ungalokothi unqikaze ukucela usizo lwabo. Kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unesifo somphimbo, ubunzima bokugwinya, noma ushintsho ezwini lakho oluhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.