Ngezinye izikhathi umane uphathwa umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula, akunjalo? Kuba ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbili noma ezintathu. Kodwa uma lokhu kuqhubeka kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma lezi zimpawu zanda uma uya ekhaya noma emsebenzini, kungase kungabi yinto evamile. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esingaba sibi kakhulu, kodwa abantu abaningi abangasazi. Leso yi-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, noma i-HP ngamafuphi.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP)?
I-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP), uma sikhuluma iqiniso, i -allergy ethinta amaphaphu ethu. Kodwa lokhu akufani ne-allergy esivame ukuyazi nge -pollen noma uthuli. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi ama-air sac amancane (ama-alveoli) emaphashini ethu asabela ngokweqile ezinhlayiyeni ezincane kakhulu (esizibiza ngokuthi ama-allergen) esiziphefumulayo. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala, noma ukuvuvukala , kulawo ma-air sac.
Lezi zimpawu zingavela ngokuzumayo (ezibukhali) bese ziphela ngokushesha, noma zinganda kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ziqhubeke (ezingapheli).
Lokhu kuhluke kanjani ku-allergy evamile?
Cabanga nje, uma une-allergy ngenxa yothuli, uthola ikhala eligobhozayo nokuthimula. Kodwa nge-HP, kuhlukile. Uma sihlala sibhekene nezinhlayiya ezibangela lokhu, okungukuthi, uma siziphefumula, amaphaphu ethu angonakala unomphela . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izibazi zingavela ngisho nasemaphashini. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ' isifo samaphaphu esingaphakathi '. Ngakho-ke akukuhle ukucabanga ngaso nje njengokungezwani okuvamile.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
Nakuba lesi sifo singathinta noma ubani, abantu abasebenza emisebenzini ethile futhi abahlala ezindaweni ezithile basengozini enkulu ngoba bahlala bephefumula izinhlayiya ezibangela lesi sifo. Ake sibone ukuthi bangobani.
| Iqembu lezingozi | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Abantu abasebenza emapulazini | Abantu abavame ukuxhumana nezinto ezifana nezinkomo, imifino, utshani, kanye nokusanhlamvu bangaphefumula isikhunta namagciwane. |
| Abantu abasebenza nezilwane | Odokotela bezilwane, abantu abafuya izinyoni noma izinkukhu, kanye nabantu abahlanza amakheji ezinyoni bangaphefumula izinhlayiya ezivela endle nasezimpapheni zezinyoni. |
| Izimboni zezingodo kanye nabasebenzi bezinkuni | Ukuphefumula uthuli lwezinkuni kanye nezikhunta ezikhula okhunini. |
| Abantu abasebenza embonini yensimbi | Ukuphefumula kwezinhlayiya ezincane zamakhemikhali ezikhishwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula insimbi. |
| Indawo yangaphakathi | Ukuphefumula isikhunta namagciwane avela kuma-humidifier angagcinwanga kahle, izinhlelo ze-AC, ama-hot tub, njll. Ukusebenzisa imicamelo nomatrasi owenziwe ngezimpaphe zezinyoni nakho kuyingozi. |
| Ubudala | Ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-50 no-70. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi, lesi sifo senzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wakho eba “nokuzwela ngokweqile” kokuthile. Akuwona wonke umlimi noma umfuyi wezinyoni ohlakulela lokhu.
Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?
Izimpawu zesifo se-HP zingaba ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Esinye izimpawu ezibukhali kanti esinye izimpawu ezingamahlalakhona .
| I-HP ebukhali | I-HP Engapheli |
|---|---|
| Lezi zimpawu zibonakala emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokuchayeka ku-allergen bese ziyanyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Zingase zizwakale njengomkhuhlane. | |
| - Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) | - Ukuphelelwa umoya uma uzivocavoca noma usebenza |
| - Ukukhwehlela okomile | - Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo |
| - Ukuzizwa uqinile esifubeni | - Ukukhathala okukhulu |
| - Ukuzizwa ubanda, uthuthumela | - Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu |
| - Imfiva | - Ukubhoboza ngeminwe |
| - Ubuhlungu bomzimba | |
I-HP Engapheli ikhula kancane kancane, ngakho-ke ungase ungakwazi ukuyibona ekuqaleni. Into yokuqala ongayibona into efana nokuthi "Ngizizwa ngikhathele uma ngikhuphuka izitebhisi ezimbalwa kunangaphambili."
Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?
Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho uzoqala akubuze ngomsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo,, uzobuza imibuzo eminingi mayelana nendawo yasekhaya lakho. Lokhu kuzokunikeza umbono wokuthi yini ongase ube nayo ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, udokotela uzolalela amaphaphu akho nge -stethoscope bese ehlola amazinga akho omoya-mpilo ngokunamathisela idivayisi efana ne-clip emunweni wakho (i-`pulse oximeter`).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo ngokunembile.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokungezwani komzimba: Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile (iphaneli ye-'hypersensitivity pneumonitis') kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kukhona yini ama-antibodies ahlobene nalokhu kungezwani komzimba egazini lakho.
- I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan: Lokhu kungabona ngokucacile ukuthi kukhona ukuvuvukala, izibazi (i-fibrosis), noma omunye umonakalo emaphashini.
- Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu: Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuningana okukala ukuthi amaphaphu akho asebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ungawuphefumula futhi uwukhiphe umoya ongakanani.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Kulokhu, ithubhu enekhamera encane enamathiselwe idluliselwa emaphashini ngekhala noma ngomlomo, lapho ingaphakathi lihlolwa khona, futhi uma kudingeka, kuthathwa isampula encane yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu nesiqalayo ekwelapheni lesi sifo ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela i-allergen bese uyigwema ngokuphelele.
Uma uqhubeka nokuchayeka kukho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthatha muphi umuthi, lesi sifo ngeke selapheke ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ze-HP Engapheli, noma ngabe uhlala kude ne-allergen, umonakalo emaphashini ungase uqhubeke wanda.
Ngaphezu kokugwema i-allergen, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze izindlela zokwelapha ezinjengalezi.
| Indlela yokwelapha | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ama-Corticosteroids noma izidakamizwa zokucindezela amasosha omzimba | Le mithi isiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emaphashini. Izibonelo: `prednisone`, `mycophenolate`, `azathioprine`. |
| Imithi yokulwa ne-fibrotic | Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni izinga lokuqhekeka kwamanxeba emaphashini. Izibonelo: `pirfenidone`, `nintedanib`. |
| Ukuvuselelwa kwamaphaphu | Ukuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kungasiza ekwenzeni ukuphefumula kube lula. |
| Ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo | Uma lesi sifo sibi kakhulu, kunikezwa umoya-mpilo wangaphandle ukuze kunikezwe umzimba inani elidingekayo lomoya-mpilo. |
| Ukufakelwa kwamaphaphu | Uma lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu futhi amaphaphu eyeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele, ukufakelwa amaphaphu kungaba yindlela yokugcina. |
Ungazivikela kanjani kulesi sifo?
Umonakalo emaphashini ku-HP engapheli awunakuguqulwa, ngakho-ke into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlala kude kakhulu nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Uma wenza umsebenzi oyingozi (isib. ukulima, ukusebenza ngokhuni, ukusebenza nezinyoni), qiniseka ukuthi ugqoka imishini yokuzivikela (i-PPE) .
- Gcina njalo ama-humidifier kanye nezinhlelo ze-AC ekhaya lakho zihlanzekile futhi zisesimweni esihle.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa imicamelo, omatilasi, kanye nezinto zokulala ezenziwe ngezimpaphe.
- Uma unezilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi izinyoni, gcina amakheji azo ehlanzekile. Gqoka imaski uma uhlanza.
Uma usuvele utholakale une-HP, khuluma nodokotela wakho bese wenza uhlelo lokuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe emaphashini akho. Thatha imithi yakho ngesikhathi. Buza ngezivivinyo zokuphefumula ongazenza ekhaya.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) akuyona into evamile yokungezwani komzimba. Ingabangela umonakalo ongapheli emaphashini akho.
- Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuphefumula izinto ezifana nesikhunta, amabhaktheriya, namakhemikhali avela endaweni yakho yomsebenzi noma yasekhaya.
- Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukukhathala, ungakuzibi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha .
- Ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwalesi sifo ukugwema ngokuphelele imbangela yalesi sifo. Kunzima ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphelele ngemithi yodwa.
- Uma lesi sifo sitholakala kusenesikhathi, singalawulwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu emaphashini.
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