Wake wazizwa uneqhubu noma iqhubu elincane ngaphambili kwentamo yakho? Noma mhlawumbe, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile, udokotela wakho uthe, “Uneqhubu elincane le-thyroid.” Ukuzwa lokhu kungakwethusa ngempela, kodwa ngicela ungesabi! Ezimweni eziningi, amaqhubu e-thyroid awayona ingozi nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlala unolwazi kubalulekile empilweni yakho. Namuhla, ake sihlole ukuthi ayini amaqhubu e-thyroid, enziwe lula kuwe.
Iyini Ngempela I-Nodule Ye-Thyroid?
Kalula nje, iqhubu le-thyroid ukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana ngaphakathi kwe-thyroid gland yakho, okwakha iqhubu elincane.
Ukuze ubone ukuthi ikuphi, cabanga ngendlala encane, efana novemvane etholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, ngaphansi nje kwe-apula lika-Adam. Lena yindlala yakho ye-thyroid , indlala ebalulekile ye-endocrine . Inesibopho sokukhiqiza ama-hormone amabili abalulekile: i-thyroxine (T4) kanye ne -triiodothyronine (T3) . Lawa ma-hormone asebenza njengabalawuli abakhulu bomzimba wakho, elawula imisebenzi ebalulekile efana nalokhu:
- I-metabolism yakho, ikugcina isebenza kahle.
- Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho.
- Isimo sakho sengqondo kanye namazinga amandla aphelele.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo .
- Ukugaya kwakho ukudla, ukugcina ukudla kwakho kujwayelekile.
Ngenxa yokuthi indlala yegilo isebenza kakhulu, amaqhubu angakhula ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphakathi kwezicubu zayo. La maqhubu eza ngezindlela ezahlukene:
- Iqhubu elilodwa (iqhubu elilodwa).
- Amaqhubu amaningi (izigaxa eziningana).
- Amaqhubu agcwele uketshezi, aziwa ngokuthi amaqhubu e-cystic .
- Amaqhubu aqinile, aqinile ngokuphelele, aziwa ngokuthi amaqhubu aqinile .
Nansi indaba eqinisekisayo kakhulu: amaqhubu e-thyroid angaphezu kuka-90% atholakala kubantu abadala awawona umdlavuza (angabi yingozi) . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile awayona ingozi. Kodwa-ke, cishe u-4.0% kuya ku-6.5% wala maqhubu angaba umdlavuza (umdlavuza we-thyroid) . Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi noma yiliphi iqhubu lihlolwe ngochwepheshe ukuze kunqunywe umdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi, la maqhubu angakhomba nezinye izifo ze-thyroid eziyisisekelo.
Ubani Osengozini Enkulu Yokuhlakulela Amaqhubu E-Thyroid?
Nakuba amaqhubu e-thyroid angakhula kunoma ubani—kuhlanganise nezingane kanye nabantu asebekhulile—avame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Eqinisweni, abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kane okukhula kwamaqhubu e-thyroid kunabesilisa .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivame kakhulu ezindaweni zomhlaba lapho ukuntuleka kwe-iodine ekudleni kuvame khona, njengoba indlala yakho yegilo idinga i-iodine ukuze ikhiqize amahomoni ayo.
Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezingabangela ingozi ezingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ama-nodule e-thyroid zifaka:
- Umlando wokwelashwa ngemisebe ( imisebe ye-thyroid ) entanyeni yakho noma endaweni ye-thyroid.
- Umlando womndeni wamaqhubu e-thyroid noma umdlavuza we-thyroid.
- Ukukhula ngeminyaka (ingozi iyanda ngokwemvelo njengoba ukhula).
- Ukuba ne - anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi .
- Umkhuba wokubhema .
- Ukuphila nokukhuluphala ngokweqile .
- Ukuba ne -metabolic syndrome .
- Ukuphuza utshwala njalo.
- Amazinga aphezulu egazini e- insulin-like growth factor-1 (i-hormone eyinhloko).
- Abesifazane abane -uterine fibroids.
Zivame Kangakanani Izinhlayiya Ze-Thyroid?
Lawa maqhuqhuva avame kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba okuvamile, odokotela bangazwa iqhuqhuva le-thyroid kubantu abadala abangaba ngu -5% kuya ku-7% . Kodwa-ke, uma sisebenzisa izithombe ze-ultrasound ezibucayi kakhulu, amaqhuqhuva atholakala kubantu abadala abangu -20% kuya ku-76% ! Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaba neqhuqhuva kalula kodwa ungazi nhlobo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, azivamile kakhulu ezinganeni.
Ingabe Kufanele Ukhathazeke Nge-Nodule Ye-thyroid?
Ezimweni eziningi, asikho isidingo sokwesaba. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, iningi lamaqhubu e-thyroid alinabungozi ngokuphelele (alinawo umdlavuza). Kodwa-ke, ngoba iphesenti elincane lingaba umdlavuza we-thyroid , kubalulekile ukubonisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuhlolwa okufanele uma uthola iqhubu. Uma kuvela ukuthi liwumdlavuza, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa okusheshayo kuholela emiphumeleni engcono kakhulu .
Khumbula: ungacabangi ngokushesha okubi kakhulu noma ufinyelele iziphetho ngokushesha uma ubona iqhubu. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kuyisinyathelo okungafanele usidlule.
Ziyini Izimpawu Zama-Nodules E-Thyroid?
Amaqhubu amaningi e-thyroid awabonakali nhlobo, okusho ukuthi uzozizwa uphilile ngokuphelele futhi ungahlangabezani nhlobo noshintsho lomzimba. Kodwa-ke, uma unamaqhubu amaningi noma uma iqhubu elilodwa likhula kakhulu, ungase ekugcineni ubone iqhubu elibonakalayo noma elizwakalayo entanyeni yakho.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, iqhubu elikhulu kakhulu lingacindezela izakhiwo eziseduze, okuholela ku:
- Inkinga yokugwinya noma yokuphefumula. Isibonelo, ungase uzizwe umuzwa "wokuqunjelwa" oqhubekayo lapho ugwinya ukudla noma ukuthola kunzima kancane ukuphuza uketshezi.
- Ushintsho ezwini lakho, njengokushoshozela okungachazeki.
- Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo ngaphambili kwentamo yakho.
- Indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- goiter .
Amanye amaqhubu, ikakhulukazi amaqhubu e-thyroid asebenza ngokweqile , asebenza ngokuzimela futhi akhiqize ama-hormone e-thyroid amaningi ngokweqile. Lokhu kungaholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperthyroidism (i-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile). Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase ubhekane nalokhu:
Izimpawu ze-Hyperthyroidism (Ama-hormone e-thyroid amaningi)
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma okushesha kakhulu (ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo) .
- Ukukhathazeka okungachazeki noma ukuzizwa uthuthumela kanye/noma ukhathazekile .
- Ukwehlisa isisindo ngokungahlosiwe, noma ngabe isifiso sakho sokudla sesikhulile.
- Ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla .
- Ukuhamba njalo kwamathumbu noma uhudo kanye nokuhamba njalo kwamathumbu .
- Ubunzima bokulala (ukungalali).
- Indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe (i-goiter) .
- Ukuya esikhathini okungajwayelekile, okuncane kakhulu noma okungavamile kwabesifazane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abantu abanezinhlayiya ze-thyroid bangase babe nokusebenza okungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid, okuholela emazingeni aphansi ama-hormone e-thyroid. Lesi simo sezokwelapha saziwa ngokuthi i-hypothyroidism , futhi izimpawu zaso zifaka:
Izimpawu ze-Hypothyroidism (Ukuntuleka kwama-hormone e-thyroid)
- Ukukhathala noma ukukhathala okungachazeki, okuqhubekayo.
- Ukuba ndikindiki nokuqaqamba ezandleni zakho naseminweni.
- Ukukhuluphala okungachazeki.
- Isikhumba nezinwele ezomile, eziqinile .
- Ukuqunjelwa njalo.
- Ukuzizwa uphansi noma ucindezelekile .
- Ukuya esikhathini okuvamile futhi okunzima kwabesifazane.
Yini Ebangela Amaqhubu E-Thyroid?
Ezimweni eziningi, isizathu esiqondile sokwakheka kweqhubu le-thyroid sisalokhu siyimfihlakalo. Kodwa-ke, izimo eziningana ezihlukile zingabangela ukukhula kwalo, okuholela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamaqhubu:
- Amaqhubu e-Colloid: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Amelela ukukhula ngokweqile kwezicubu ze-thyroid ezivamile kodwa awanawo umdlavuza ngokuphelele. Nakuba angakhula abe makhulu, awasabalali ngale kwe-thyroid gland yakho.
- Ama-cyst e-thyroid: Lawa angama-cavity agcwele uketshezi noma agcwele uketshezi kancane. Ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza kuma-cyst iphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma emakhulu kuno-2 cm, udokotela wakho angase awaqaphe eduze noma ancome ukuthi ahlolwe nge -biopsy .
- Amaqhubu okuvuvukala: Lawa akhula ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwesikhathi eside noma okungapheli kwendlala yegilo (i-thyroiditis). Angase abangele noma angadali ukuthamba kwendawo.
- I-Multinodular goiter: Ngezinye izikhathi, i-thyroid gland ekhulisiwe (i-goiter) iqukethe amaqhubu amaningana. La maqhubu nawo ngokuvamile awabangeli zinkinga.
- Amaqhubu e-thyroid asebenza ngokweqile: La maqhubu akhiqiza ama-hormone e-thyroid ngokuzimela, angacindezela ingxenye esele ye-gland futhi abangele i-hyperthyroidism . Ahlala edinga ukwelashwa okufanele.
- Umdlavuza we-thyroid: Lokhu ngokwemvelo kuyinkinga enkulu lapho kutholakala iqhubu. Ngenhlanhla, umdlavuza we-thyroid awuvamile, ungaphansi kuka-6.5% wawo wonke amaqhubu e-thyroid ahlolwe .
Atholakala Kanjani Amaqhubu E-Thyroid?
Ungase uthole iqhubu ngokwakho ngokuzwa iqhubu noma ukulibona esibukweni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase alizwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwentamo okuvamile, noma lingatholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwesithombe (njenge-ultrasound noma i-CT scan) okwenziwe ngesizathu esihluke ngokuphelele sezokwelapha.
Ngisho noma iningi lamaqhubu e-thyroid lingenabungozi, cishe wonke amaqhubu adinga ukuhlolwa ngudokotela ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kube nomdlavuza.
Yiziphi Izivivinyo Ozozidinga?
Ukuze ahlole kahle i-nodule yakho ye-thyroid, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okulandelayo noma ngaphezulu:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-thyroid: Lokhu kuhlola amazinga ama-hormone e-thyroid egazini lakho. Nakuba amazinga ama-hormone evame ukuba ajwayelekile ngisho noma une-nodule, imiphumela engavamile ingakhomba i-hyperthyroidism noma i-hypothyroidism.
- I-ultrasound ye-thyroid: Lokhu kuhlolwa okuphephile kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane ze-thyroid yakho. Kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi iqhubu liqinile noma ligcwele uketshezi (cystic), njengoba amaqhubu aqinile enobungozi obukhulu bomdlavuza. Kuphinde kulinganise ubukhulu obuqondile beqhubu futhi kungaqondisa ukuhlolwa kwenaliti encane ngokunembile.
- I-biopsy yenaliti encane: Phakathi nale nqubo esheshayo, udokotela wakho usebenzisa inalithi encane kakhulu ukukhipha isampula encane yamaseli ku-nodule. Lawa maseli ahlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope elabhorethri ukuhlola umdlavuza. Uma imiphumela ye-biopsy ingaphelele, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuphinda ukuhlolwa noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe futhi kuhlolwe i-nodule.
- Iskeni sokungenisa i-thyroid: Kulolu vivinyo, ugwinya inani elincane, elingenangozi le -iodine enemisebe . Ikhamera ekhethekile bese ilandelela ukuthi i-thyroid yakho kanye neqhubu limunca i-iodine engakanani. Lokhu kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yokusebenza esiza udokotela wakho ukuthi ahlole ingozi yomdlavuza futhi anqume indlela engcono kakhulu.
Yiziphi Izindlela Zokwelapha Amaqhubu E-Thyroid?
Uhlelo lokwelashwa luhlala luncike ohlotsheni oluthile kanye nembangela ye-thyroid nodule yakho. Nazi izinketho eziyinhloko:
- Ukuqapha okusebenzayo ("Qaphela futhi Ulinde"): Uma i-biopsy yakho ikhombisa ukuthi iqhubu alinabungozi, wena nodokotela wakhoUngavuma ukuthi ukwelashwa okusheshayo akudingeki. Esikhundleni salokho, uzoba nokuhlolwa njalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ukuze uqaphe iqhubu ukuze ubone noma yiziphi izinguquko ngobukhulu noma ukubukeka.
- I-iodine ekhipha imisebe: Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa i-iodine ekhipha imisebe ukwelapha amaqhubu angasebenzi kahle noma ama-goiter amaningi. Njengoba izicubu zakho ze-thyroid zimunca i-iodine, amaqhubu ayancipha, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone kubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.
- Ukuhlinzwa (Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-thyroid): Uma iqhubu linomdlavuza, lisolisa kakhulu, noma likhulu kangangokuthi liphazamisa ukuphefumula noma ukugwinya kwakho, ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuyindlela yokwelapha ejwayelekile.
Ungakwazi Yini Ukuvimbela Amaqhubu E-Thyroid?
Ngenxa yokuthi izimbangela eziqondile zamaqhubu amaningi e-thyroid azikaziwa, ngokuvamile azinakuvinjelwa.
Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokulawula izici ezithile eziyingozi. Uma uphila nokukhuluphala ngokweqile , sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze ugcine isisindo sakho siphilile. Uma ubhema, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuyeka ukubhema kuzozuzisa impilo yakho ye-thyroid iyonke. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uthola i-iodine eyanele yokudla ; ukusebenzisa usawoti wetafula one-iodine ngokuvamile kwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zansuku zonke.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ezinye izifundo zezokwelapha zisikisela ukuthi ukuthatha izithibela-nzalo ngomlomo noma ama- statin anciphisa i-cholesterol kungase kuhlotshaniswe nengozi encishisiwe yokuba namaqhubu e-thyroid.
Iyini i-Long-Term Outlook (Prognosis)?
Isibikezelo samaqhubu e-thyroid angenamandla sihle kakhulu . Iningi lawo alisoze ladinga ukwelashwa okusebenzayo noma libangele izinkinga. Eqinisweni, cishe yi -1% kuphela yamaqhubu angenamandla abangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid , futhi lawa angelapheka kakhulu.
Uma iqhubu liyingozi, umbono wesikhathi eside uncike ezintweni eziningana ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa:
- Uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza we-thyroid .
- Ubudala bakho ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa .
- Usayizi ophelele wesimila .
- Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini ezicutshini eziseduze noma kuma-lymph node .
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isakazeke yini ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.
Uma kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza we-thyroid, udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukukunikeza isibikezelo esiqondene nawe kakhulu nesinembile ngokusekelwe kuphrofayela yakho yezempilo ehlukile.
Ingabe Izingane Zingazithola Izinhlayiya Ze-Thyroid?
Amaqhubu e-thyroid awavamile kakhulu ezinganeni uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abadala, yize amazinga okusabalala kwawo asacwaningwa.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma kutholakala amaqhubu ezinganeni nasebancane , anengozi enkulu yokuba yingozi kunaleyo etholakala kubantu abadala. Noma kunjalo, amaqhubu e-thyroid ezingane angaphezu kuka-75% awanangozi ngokuphelele .
Izimpawu, izinqubo zokuxilonga, kanye nezinhlelo zokwelapha izingane ziyafana nezezingane zabantu abadala.
Umyalezo Wakho Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
Amaqhubu e-thyroid avame kakhulu, futhi iningi lawo ngeke liphazamise impilo yakho. Kodwa-ke, uma uthola iqhubu elisha ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nodokotela wakho . Nakuba amaqhubu amaningi engengozi, ukuhlolwa kochwepheshe kuyindlela kuphela yokuqeda umdlavuza nokuthola ukuthula kwengqondo okuphelele.
Uma usuvele une-nodule etholakale ukuthi unayo futhi udokotela wakho ekuncomile indlela "yokubuka nokulinda", ungayeki ama-aphoyintimenti akho okulandelela . Ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-nodule ayishintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uma unenkinga mayelana nengozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza we-thyroid noma ezinye izimo ze-thyroid, sicela ube nengxoxo evulekile nethimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Lapha eNirogi Lanka , sikholelwa ukuthi ukuqonda umzimba wakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlala uphilile. Ungavumeli ukwesaba kukuvimbele—hlala unolwazi futhi ulawule impilo yakho namuhla!
