Kwenzekani enhliziyweni yakho? Ake sithole nge-Cardiac Imaging.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yethu? Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela badinga ukubona isimo senhliziyo yakho ngokucacile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezindlela ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa ezimweni ezinjalo. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi `(Cardiac Imaging)` noma ukuthwebula inhliziyo. Ungakhathazeki, lokhu akuyona into enkulu, ake sikuchaze ngayinye ngayinye.

Kuyini ukuthwebula izithombe zenhliziyo?

Kalula nje, ukuthwebula izithombe zenhliziyo kuyinqubo ethatha izithombe zenhliziyo yakho nezinto ezizungezile. Kufana nokuthwebula isithombe, kodwa kuhlukile kancane. Kusiza odokotela ukuthi babone ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphilile noma ukuthi kunenkinga. Abanye abantu bakubiza nangokuthi ukuthwebula izithombe zenhliziyo, kodwa incazelo iyafana.

Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuthwebula izithombe zenhliziyo?

Kunezindlela eziningana ezisetshenziswa ukuhlola inhliziyo. Kuye ngesimo somuntu, udokotela uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela azoyisebenzisa. Ake sibheke izindlela eziyinhloko:

• I-Echocardiogram - siyibiza ngokuthi "i-Echo" ngamafuphi: Abantu abaningi sebezwile ngalokhu.
• Ukuskena kwe-cardiac computed tomography (CT): Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuskena.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo kwe-nuclear: Lokhu kusebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezikhipha imisebe.
• I-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): Lolu futhi uhlobo lokuhlolwa kwe-nuclear okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla.
• I-cardiac positron emission tomography (PET): Lokhu futhi kungenye indlela yokuhlola i-nuclear.
• I-Coronary angiogram noma i-catheterization yenhliziyo yesobunxele ("i-heart cath"): Lokhu kubheka imithambo yegazi eholela enhliziyweni.
• I-MRI Yenhliziyo: Lokhu kuskena kwe-MRI, kodwa okuqondene ngqo nenhliziyo.
• Ukuskena kwe-Multigated Acquisition (MUGA): Lokhu kuhlola nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela bangenza izivivinyo ezimbili noma ezintathu ndawonye. Isibonelo, i-CT scan kanye ne-coronary angiogram, noma i-PET kanye ne-CT scan, kungenziwa ndawonye ukuze kuqondwe kangcono isimo senhliziyo yakho.

Kunini lapho udokotela encoma khona ukuhlolwa kwesithombe senhliziyo?

Odokotela basebenzisa lezi zivivinyo ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• Hlola izimo zenhliziyo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yisiphi isifo senhliziyo.
• Hlola izifo zenhliziyo ukuze uthole ukuthi yisiphi isifo senhliziyo osunaso kakade.
• Uma umuntu ehlaselwa yinhliziyo, bheka ukuthi kungakanani umonakalo owenzekile enhliziyweni.
• Abanye abantu babhekana nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Thola ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu.
• Uma kwelashwa isifo senhliziyo, lokhu kusetshenziselwa nokuqapha ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyazuzisa yini inhliziyo noma cha.

Ake sithi uzwa ubuhlungu obuncane esifubeni. Uma udokotela esola ukuthi kuyinto ehlobene nenhliziyo, angenza isivivinyo esinjengalesi.

Yiziphi izifo zenhliziyo ezingabonakala ngalezi zivivinyo?

Lezi zindlela zokuthwebula izithombe zenhliziyo zingasiza ekuxilongeni nasekuphatheni izifo eziningi zenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Arrhythmia: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuba okungajwayelekile.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni.
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo: Yilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi isifo senhliziyo.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Inhliziyo ibuthakathaka futhi ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elanele emzimbeni.
• Izimo zenhliziyo zezingane kanye nezokuzalwa nazo: Isibonelo, izinguquko ezithile esakhiweni senhliziyo.
• Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo: Isifo sama-valve enhliziyweni.
• Isifo senhliziyo: Izifo zesikhumba esincane esizungeze inhliziyo.

Manje ake sixoxe ngezinye zalezi zivivinyo ezibalulekile ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Kuyini i-Echocardiogram (i-Echo)?

I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu (imisindo esingayizwa) ebizwa nge-ultrasound ukuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo. Lokhu kungadala izithombe ezifana nevidiyo zamagumbi enhliziyo, ama-valve, izindonga, kanye nemithambo yegazi. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-echo olubizwa nge-Doppler echocardiogram lungalinganisa nokugeleza kwegazi egumbini ngalinye lenhliziyo.

I-echocardiogram ingasiza ekulinganiseni ukuthi inhliziyo ihambisa igazi kahle kangakanani kanye nobunzima bokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, uma bukhona. Ingaphinde ithole izinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyo, ukutheleleka, amahlule egazi, noma izimbobo enhliziyweni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa odokotela benhliziyo ngoba kunganikeza ulwazi oluningi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisebe.

Kuyini ukuskena kwe-Cardiac Computed Tomography (Cardiac CT)?

I-CT scan yenhliziyo isebenzisa ikhompyutha ukudala izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo ngokuthatha uchungechunge lwe-X-ray. Lokhu kuvumela izithombe ukuthi zithathwe emazingeni ahlukene nasezindaweni ezahlukene. Lezi zithombe zingabukwa ngqo noma zingadalwa njengezithombe ezinobukhulu obuthathu, okuvumela inhliziyo nezindawo ezizungezile ukuthi zibukwe ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Udokotela wakho angase acele i-CT scan ukuze abheke ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi noma izinkinga zesakhiwo senhliziyo. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungenziwa uma ezinye izivivinyo zinganikezi ulwazi olwanele. Odokotela abahlinza inhliziyo kanye nodokotela benhliziyo abahlinzayo (abenza ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo besebenzisa amapayipi amancane) basebenzisa lokhu ukudala imephu yenhliziyo yakho ukuze bakusize unqume ukuthi ungumuntu ofanele yini ukuhlinzwa noma olunye ukwelashwa.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo yenuzi?

Lokhu kusebenzisa into ekhipha imisebe ebizwa ngokuthi i-"tracer" ukuze kubhekwe ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni yakho nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Udokotela wakho ufaka le "tracer" emthanjeni emzimbeni wakho, bese esebenzisa ikhamera ekhethekile ukuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo yakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa kanye ngenkathi uphumule futhi kwenziwa futhi ngemva kokuzilolonga (isibonelo, ngokugijima ku-treadmill).

Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa nangokuthi "i-Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI)".

Kukhona nezinhlobo zokuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo yenuzi:

• Isikeni se-cardiac PET (positron emission tomography)
• I-Cardiac SPECT - i-single-photon emission computed tomography

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-PET yenhliziyo?

I-PET scan nayo iyisivivinyo sokuthwebula izithombe zenuzi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla. Isebenzisa ne-radioactive tracer. Le tracer imuncwa ezindaweni ezinesifo zenhliziyo. Ikhamera ye-PET ingakwazi ukubona izindawo lapho i-tracer imuncwe khona.

I-PET scan yenhliziyo ibheka kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-metabolic kwezicubu zenhliziyo. Ingabona umonakalo enhliziyweni, njengezicubu ezibomvu, ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Iphinde isetshenziswe ekuhlolweni kokucindezeleka kwenhliziyo. I-PET scan ivame ukwenziwa kanye ne-CT scan.

Kuyini ukuskena kwenhliziyo `(SPECT)`?

I-SPECT scan nayo iyisivivinyo sokuthwebula izithombe zenuzi. Isebenzisa i-radioactive tracer ukubheka ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism ezicutshini zenhliziyo. Udokotela ufaka i-tracer emthanjeni, bese iya enhliziyweni. Ikhamera ye-SPECT ingabona izindawo lapho i-tracer imuncwe khona.

Iyini i-angiogram yenhliziyo?

I-coronary angiogram ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-X-ray okwenziwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-catheter yenhliziyo. Kulokhu kuhlolwa, udokotela wakho ufaka ithubhu elide, elincane (elibizwa ngokuthi i-catheter) emthanjeni omkhulu osesinqeni sakho noma esihlakaleni bese elifaka enhliziyweni yakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa idayi ekhethekile egazini lakho ngethubhu. Umshini we-X-ray uthatha izithombe zedayi njengoba ihamba ngemithambo yegazi ezungeze inhliziyo yakho.Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola kakhulu imithambo yegazi evalekile noma evalekile. Cabanga ngakho njengokuhlola ukungcola okubhajwe ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi.

Iyini i-MRI yenhliziyo?

I-MRI yenhliziyo isebenzisa amaza omsakazo kanye nama-magnet esikhundleni semisebe ukuskena inhliziyo. I-MRI ingathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi . Ibonisa izingxenye zenhliziyo ngokucacile futhi ikhombisa ukuthi zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Ingasiza ekuxilongeni izimo eziningi ngokubheka umonakalo enhliziyweni, njengezibazi noma ukuvuvukala.

Kuyini ukuskena kwe-MUGA?

I-MUGA scan ibheka ukusebenza kwamakamelo aphansi enhliziyo (abizwa ngokuthi ama-ventricle). Lokhu scan kubizwa nangokuthi i-radionuclide ventriculography.

Kulolu vivinyo, udokotela ufaka i-radioactive tracer emthanjeni. Ikhamera ekhethekile ithola le radiation bese iyisebenzisela ukudala izithombe ezihambayo zokushaya kwenhliziyo. I-MUGA scan ithatha izithombe zenhliziyo ngezikhathi ezithile, njalo lapho ishaya.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ingxenye yokukhipha igazi. Lena inani legazi inhliziyo elikhipha igazi njalo uma lishaya. Odokotela abasasebenzisi lokhu kuhlolwa kaningi, kodwa kuyindlela eyodwa yokulinganisa ikhono lenhliziyo lokupompa igazi. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukala ingxenye yokukhipha igazi ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa isikhathi eside ngemithi engabangela imiphumela emibi yenhliziyo, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali komdlavuza.

Kufanele sizilungiselele kanjani ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu?

Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa okuthile okwenzayo. Le miyalelo ingafaka izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Gwema ukudla, iziphuzo, kanye nemithi equkethe i-caffeine (njengekhofi netiye) ngenkathi uhlolwa ukucindezeleka kanye ne-coronary angiograms.
• Uma ufuna ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo (CT)` kanye ne-cardiac` (MRI)`, shiya ubucwebe bakho ekhaya.
• Uma ufuna i-MRI yenhliziyo, susa noma yiziphi izinto zensimbi njengezinsiza zokuzwa (uma zikhona), izibuko, kanye nezikhonkwane zezinwele.
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile ezingenazo izingxenye zensimbi.

Futhi, kufanele nakanjani utshele odokotela bakho lezi zinto:

• Mayelana nazo zonke ezinye izifo onazo.
• Cishe yonke imithi oyithathayo (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyinikezwe udokotela, uyithenge ekhemisi, izithasiselo zokudla okunempilo, noma ngisho nemithi uma uyisebenzisa).
• Uma unemishini yezokwelapha efakwe emzimbeni wakho, njenge-pacemaker, ama-valve omshini, amaphini, noma izinduku.
• Uma unezingcezu zensimbi emzimbeni wakho, yilokho kuphela.
• Okusho ukuthi, uma ukhulelwe.

Lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kudokotela ukuze enze ukuhlolwa ngokuphephile.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi kulezi zivivinyo?

Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zivivinyo zokuthwebula izithombe zenhliziyo ziphephile . Azihlaseli noma azihlaseli kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, abanye abantu bangaba nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba nodayi osetshenziswa kwezinye zezivivinyo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Khumbula, zonke lezi zivivinyo zithatha izithombe zenhliziyo yakho, imithambo yegazi, nezinto ezizungezile, bheka ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani enhliziyweni yakho, bese uthola isithombe esicacile sempilo yenhliziyo yakho.

Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu

Ukuskena kwenhliziyo kuyithuluzi eliwusizo elisiza odokotela baqonde isimo senhliziyo yakho futhi likusize uphathe isimo sakho. Uma udokotela wakho encoma ukuhlolwa, ungesabi ukubabuza ukuthi kungani nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Ukunakekela inhliziyo yakho kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

` Ukuthwebula Izithombe Zenhliziyo, I-Echocardiogram, I-CT Scan, I-MRI, I-Angiogram, Isifo Senhliziyo, Ukuhlolwa Kwenhliziyo