Wake wazibuza ukuthi uzizwa kanjani ulambile ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuthi izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho lihlala kanjani lifana, noma ukuthi ulala kanjani ebusuku? Konke lokhu akwenzeki nje kuphela. Ngemuva kweziningi zalezi zinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu kukhona 'umphathi' omncane, kodwa onamandla kakhulu. Uyi -hypothalamus . Namuhla sizokhuluma ngale ngxenye yomzimba wethu elingana ne-alimondi encane, kodwa eyenza umsebenzi omangalisayo kakhulu.
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Kalula nje, iyini i-hypothalamus?
I-hypothalamus iyindlala encane ebuchosheni bakho. Iyisikhungo sokulawula esiyinhloko sesimiso samahomoni omzimba wethu, noma uhlelo lwe-endocrine. Njenge-thermostat endlini yakho. Njengoba nje i-AC ivuleka lapho izinga lokushisa endlini yakho likhuphuka futhi licime lapho lehla, i-hypothalamus ithola izimpawu ezivela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba futhi yenza izinto ezidingekayo ukuze igcine i-homeostasis.
I-hypothalamus ayisebenzi yodwa ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ifundisa umsizi wayo oyinhloko , i-pituitary gland . Siphinde sibize i-pituitary gland ngokuthi 'i-master gland' ngoba, ngokwemiyalelo evela ku-hypothalamus, yiyo ekhipha ama-hormone adingwa ezinye izindlala emzimbeni (njenge-thyroid gland, izindlala ze-adrenal, izinso, nezitho zokuzala).
Cabanga nge -hypothalamus njenge-CEO yenkampani enkulu. Itshela i-pituitary gland (uMphathi) ukuthi yenzeni. UMphathi ube eseyala ezinye izingxenye (izitho zomzimba) ukuthi zenze lokho kanye.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-Thalamus ne-Hypothalamus
La magama amabili afana kancane, ngakho abanye abantu bangase badideke. Womabili ayizingxenye zobuchopho phakathi nendawo. Kodwa anemisebenzi ehlukene.
- I-Thalamus: Umsebenzi wayo ukwamukela izimpawu ezivela ezinzwa zethu (ngaphandle kwephunga), ukukhetha okubalulekile, bese uzithumela ku-cerebral cortex, ingxenye yobuchopho eyenza imisebenzi esezingeni eliphezulu. Isiza ngezinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ukufunda, nokunaka.
- I-Hypothalamus : Igama lesiGreki elithi "hypo" lisho "ngaphansi." Ngakho-ke lokhu kutholakala ngaphansi kwe-thalamus. Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukulawula uhlelo lwama-hormone emzimbeni nokugcina ibhalansi yangaphakathi emzimbeni.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-hypothalamus?
I-hypothalamus idlala indima enkulu ekugcineni imizimba yethu iphilile futhi ilinganisela. Bheka lolu hlu.
- Ukukhula komzimba kanye nokulungiswa kwamaseli
- Usawoti namanzi emzimbeniIbhalansi
- Ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba
- Isilinganiso senhliziyo kanye nomfutho wegazi
- Izinga lokuphefumula
- Ukudala indlala nokoma
- Ukulawula ukugaya ukudla
- Ukulawula ukulala nokuvuka ( umjikelezo wokulala )
- Isimo sengqondo
- Ukuvuselelwa kocansi
- Ukukhiqizwa kobisi komama abancelisayo
Ama-hormone abalulekile akhishwa yi-hypothalamus
I-hypothalamus ilawula izinhlobo ezimbili zama-hormone. Amanye ama-hormone enziwa futhi athunyelwe endlaleni ye-pituitary, ewakhipha ezithweni eziwadingayo. Amanye ama-hormone amabili enziwa futhi agcinwe endlaleni ye-pituitary, futhi akhishwa kuphela uma kudingeka.
| I-hormone | Umsebenzi ulula. |
|---|---|
| I-hormone ekhulula i-Thyrotropin (TRH) | Ivuselela indlala yegilo futhi isiza ukulawula ukusetjenziswa komzimba. |
| I-hormone ekhulula i-corticotropin (CRH) | Izindlala ze-adrenal ziyalwa ukuba zikhiphe i- cortisol, i-hormone yokucindezeleka. |
| I-hormone yokukhulisa ekhulula i-hormone (GHRH) | I-pituitary gland itshelwa ukuthi ikhiphe i-hormone yokukhula, edingekayo ekukhuleni komzimba. |
| I-hormone ekhulula i-Gonadotropin (i-GnRH) | Kuvuselela ukukhishwa kwama-hormone (i-FSH ne-LH) adingekayo ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokuzala kanye nokuvuthwa ngokocansi. |
| I-Dopamine ne-Somatostatin | Lokhu okwenziwa yilokhu ukuvimba indlala ye-pituitary ukuthi ikhiphe ama-hormone athile. Okusho ukuthi, adala ukulawula. |
| I-Oxytocin | Ibizwa nangokuthi 'i-hormone yothando', isiza ngokubophana kwabantu, ukufinyela kwesibeletho ngesikhathi sokubeletha, kanye nokuncelisa. |
| I-Vasopressin | Kuyasiza ukulawula ukusebenza kwezinso, ukugcina izinga lamanzi elifanele emzimbeni, nokulawula umfutho wegazi. |
Yiziphi izimbangela ezingaba khona zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamic?
Uma ukusebenza kwengxenye ebalulekile kangaka kuphazamiseka, wonke umzimba ungaphazamiseka. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu eziningana.
- Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa: Ukukhula okungavamile okwenzeka ebuchosheni noma kwi-hypothalamus ngenkathi umntwana ekhula esibelethweni sikanina.
- Izifo zofuzo: Isibonelo, i-Prader-Willi syndrome noma i-Kallmann syndrome.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu: Ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwe yingozi.
- Izimila zobuchopho: Izimila eziseduze noma ezicindezela i-hypothalamus.
- Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma i-chemotherapy.
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho noma izimo zokuvuvukala: isibonelo, i-multiple sclerosis.
- Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo kanye nokucindezeleka: Ukuphazamiseka kokudla , ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, ukungadli amakhalori anele, kanye nokucindezeleka kwengqondo okukhulu kungabangela umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize i-cortisol eningi. Lokhu kungenza buthaka ukusebenza kwe-hypothalamus.
Izifo ezingaba khona ezihlobene ne-hypothalamus
Izifo ezahlukahlukene zingavela ngenxa yokusebenza kabi kwe-hypothalamus.
Ukukhuluphala Okuphansi Kwe-Hypothalamic
Ukulimala kwe-hypothalamus kungaphazamisa ibhalansi phakathi kwendlala kanye nenani lamakhalori umzimba okushisayo. Lokhu kungaholela ezimpawini ezifana nokuzizwa ulambile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udla malini , ukukhuluphala ngokushesha, izinkinga zokulala, kanye nobunzima bokulawula izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
I-Amenorrhea Esebenzayo Ye-Hypothalamic
Lesi yisimo esithinta abesifazane. Uma umzimba ungatholi amandla adingekayo (ukudla okungenamsoco, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile) noma uma kunokucindezeleka okukhulu, i-hypothalamus inciphisa ukukhishwa kwehomoni i-GnRH. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhishwa kwamaqanda. Ngenxa yalokho , ukuya esikhathini kungase kume isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu .
I-Central Diabetes Insipidus
Lesi yisifo esingavamile sokuzivikela komzimba. Kulesi simo, amasosha omzimba alimaza i-hypothalamus. Lokhu kubangela ukuntuleka kwe-hormone vasopressin, elawula amazinga amanzi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho , ukuchama ngokweqile kanye nokoma ngokweqile kwenzeka.
Okubalulekile: Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi i-Diabetes Insipidus, sihluke ngokuphelele kwisifo sikashukela esivame ukusazi.
Ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa
Uma unalezi zimpawu, udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha bese eyalela ukuhlolwa okudingekayo ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: ukuhlola amazinga ahlukahlukene ama-hormone (i-thyroid, i-cortisol, ama-hormone ocansi), amazinga e-sodium, njll.
- Ukuskena kobuchopho: I-MRI noma i-CT scan ingahlola isimila noma omunye umonakalo ebuchosheni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo
Izindlela zokwelapha zincike embangela yesifo kanye nezimpawu zakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe kwamathumba.
- Ukwelashwa kokushintsha kwama-hormone ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-hormone.
- Ukudla kanye nezinguquko endleleni yokuphila.
- Ukwelulekwa ngempilo yengqondo.
Noma yikuphi kwalokhu kwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-hypothalamus 'iyisikhungo sokulawula' esibaluleke kakhulu ebuchosheni bethu esilawula uhlelo lwama-hormone lomzimba.
- Le ngxenye encane ilawula indlala yakho, ukoma, ukulala, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, imizwa, nokunye okuningi.
- Ukulimala ekhanda, izimila zobuchopho, izifo, izimo zofuzo, kanye nokucindezeleka ngokweqile kanye nemikhuba emibi yokudla kungathinta ukusebenza kwe-hypothalamus.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokukhuluphala ngokuzumayo, ukuyeka ukuya esikhathini, kanye nokoma ngokweqile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
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