Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi othile oseduze nawe, noma othile omaziyo, unengane ene-autism. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa izindaba eziningi kanye nemibono eyiphutha mayelana nokusabalala kwalokhu emphakathini. Abanye bayesaba, kanti abanye bakhuluma kabi ngalaba bantwana. Ngakho-ke iyini ngempela i-autism? Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokucacile nangokuqondile ngemibono eyiphutha eyakhelwe kulesi simo, nokuthi liyini iqiniso.
Okokuqala, kuyini i-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Kalula nje, i-autism ayisona isifo. Yisimo sokukhula esibangelwa izinguquko ekukhuleni nasekusebenzeni kobuchopho . Ngenxa yalokho, ingane noma umuntu omdala one-autism angase abe nobunzima bokufunda ulwazi, ukuxhumana nabanye emphakathini, nokubona umhlaba ngendlela ehlukile kunabanye.
Kubizwa ngokuthi "i-spectrum" ngoba, njengemibala yothingo, izimpawu, amakhono, kanye nezinselele abantu abanalesi simo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi abekho abantu ababili abane-autism abafanayo.
Kulungile, manje ake sibheke izinganekwane eziyinhloko ezivamile emphakathini nokuthi ziyiqiniso noma cha.
Umbono Oyiphutha 1: I-Autism ithinta abafana kuphela
Lokhu akulungile neze. I-Autism ingathinta namantombazane. Kodwa-ke, ngokwezibalo, abafana batholakala bene-autism cishe izikhathi ezine kunamantombazane.
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Esinye ukuthi uma amantombazane enalesi simo, izimpawu zawo zingase zivele ngendlela ehlukile kunezabafana. Ngezinye izikhathi ukushintsha kokuziphatha kwabo emphakathini kungaphambaniswa nezinye izimo, njengokuba namahloni noma ukukhathazeka. Ngenxa yalokho, amanye amantombazane angase abambezeleke noma angatholakali lapho exilongwa.
Kukhona futhi ukuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo ne-autism, okusho ukuthi iyenzeka emindenini. Uma umfowabo noma isihlobo (njengobabekazi noma umalume) enalesi simo, abanye banamathuba amancane okuba naso.
Umbono Oyiphutha 2: Wonke umuntu one-autism unezimpawu ezifanayo.
Lokhu futhi kuyiphutha abantu abaningi abanalo. Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-autism iyisici. Cabanga ngakho, akuzona zonke izingane ekilasini elifanayo ezinethalente elifanayo. Abanye banekhono elihle ezibalweni, abanye banekhono lokudweba. Kunjalo nalesi simo.
Abanye abantu abane-autism bangase babe nobunzima bokukhuluma, kanti abanye bakhuluma kahle kakhulu. Abanye badinga usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke, kanti abanye baphila ngokuzimela ngokuphelele. Yingakho ochwepheshe bethi:
"Uma wazi umuntu oyedwa one-autism, wazi kuphela ngalowo muntu oyedwa one-autism."
Lokho kusho ukuthi wonke umphakathi we-autism awunakulinganiswa ngokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu oyedwa. Yingakho igama lalesi simo lashintshwa laba yi-" Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)" ngo-2013, ukuze kuboniswe ngokunembile lokhu kuhlukahluka.
Umbono Oyiphutha 3: Abantu abane-autism banokukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo noma amakhono angavamile.
Lokhu futhi kuyinganekwane ehambisana nezinhlangothi zombili. Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu one-autism unokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Abanye bacabanga ukuthi banamakhono angavamile, njengasefilimini ethi 'Rain Man', njengenkumbulo yezithombe noma ithalente lomculo elingavamile.
Iqiniso liwukuthi, lezi yizinto ezimbili ezingavamile. Abanye abantu abane-autism bangase babe nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, kodwa iningi labo alinakho . Bangase babe nokuhlakanipha okujwayelekile noma okungaphezu kwesilinganiso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakhono okuhlakanipha awavamile kakhulu . Kukhona abantu abanamakhono anjalo, kodwa awavamile. Iningi labantu abane-autism linamakhono ajwayelekile.
| Inganekwane Evamile | Iqiniso |
|---|---|
| Imijovo ibangela i-autism. | Amanga ngokuphelele. Akukho bufakazi besayensi obutholakele obusikisela ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalokhu okubili. |
| I-Autism isifo sengqondo. | Cha, akusona isifo sengqondo. Kuyisimo sokukhula kwezinzwa. |
| Abantu abane-autism ababonisi uthando nothando. | Lena inganekwane edabukisayo kakhulu. Nakuba indlela abaveza ngayo imizwa yabo ingase ihluke, basazizwa futhi babonise uthando nothando. |
Inganekwane 4: Imithi yokugoma ibangela i-autism
Cha. Lena yinganekwane enkulu neyingozi kakhulu emphakathini. Ngisho nocwaningo lokuqala olwanyatheliswa olwalusikisela ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwemithi yokugoma kanye ne-autism kamuva kwafakazelwa ukuthi kuyinkohliso futhi kwasuswa ephephabhukwini elaliyishicilela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinkulungwane zezifundo ezenziwe emhlabeni wonke azikatholi ukuxhumana phakathi kwemithi yokugoma kanye ne-autism.
Ungalokothi weqe imijovo ebalulekile okufanele ingane yakho ithole ngaphansi koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma, ukholelwa ezindabeni ezingenasisekelo ezinjalo. Uma wenza kanjalo, ingozi engaba khona enganeni yakho evela ezifweni eziyingozi njenge-mumps kanye ne-mumps inkulu kakhulu. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nemijovo, sicela ukhulume nodokotela womndeni wakho.
Umbono Oyiphutha 5: Ukwanda kwezingane ezine-autism kubangelwa yisici esithile semvelo.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi inani lezingane ezitholakale zine-autism liphezulu manje kunangaphambili. Kodwa esikhundleni sokuba yisizathu esiyinhloko salokho kube ushintsho endaweni ezungezile, ezinye izici ezimbili ziye zadlala indima.
1. Ukwandisa izindlela zokuxilonga: Esikhathini esidlule, izimo ezifana ne-'Asperger's syndrome' zazibhekwa njengezifo ezihlukile. Manje, zonke zingaphansi kwesambulela se- 'Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).' Ngakho-ke, inani lokuxilongwa liye landa.
2. Ukwanda kolwazi: Abazali, othisha, nodokotela sebeqaphela kakhulu ngalesi simo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nezingane ezinezimpawu ezingabonakali ezazingatholakali ngaphambili sezitholakala ngokushesha.
Umbono Oyiphutha 6: I-Autism itholakala kuphela esemncane.
Lokhu kuyashintsha futhi. Nakuba abantu abaningi betholakala benalesi sifo besebancane, inani labantu abatholakala benalesi sifo njengabantu abadala nalo liyakhula.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, esikhathini esidlule, kwakunokuntuleka kolwazi ngalokhu, futhi izimpawu zabanye abantu zazingahlonzwanga kahle njengezinye izimo. Isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi zelashwe nge-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) noma ukukhathazeka. Kodwa ngokuqonda okuthuthukisiwe, imbangela eyisisekelo yalezo zimpawu manje itholakala njenge-autism lapho umuntu ekhula.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Autism akuyona isifo noma ukugula kwengqondo. Yisimo sokuthuthukiswa kwemizwa esibangelwa izinguquko ekukhuleni kobuchopho.
- Ngenxa yokuthi kuyi-spectrum, okuhlangenwe nakho, amakhono, kanye nezinselele zomuntu ngamunye one-autism kuhluke kakhulu.
- Akukho ukuxhumana kwesayensi phakathi kwemigomo kanye ne-autism. Sicela, ungakholelwa ezindabeni ezingenasisekelo futhi weqe imigomo yengane yakho.
- Amantombazane angaba ne-autism, yize izimpawu zawo zingase zivele ngendlela ehlukile.
- Uma unenkinga noma unenkinga mayelana nokukhula kwengane yakho, ukuziphatha kwayo, noma ukuxhumana nabantu, sicela ungangabazi ukubonisana nodokotela womndeni wakho noma udokotela wezingane ngokushesha okukhulu.
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