Ingabe unenkinga yenyongo? Ake sixoxe nge-HIDA Scan!

Wake wazizwa ubuhlungu engxenyeni ephezulu kwesokudla yesisu sakho? Noma ingabe udokotela ukutshelile ukuthi unenkinga ethile ngenyongo yakho? Ngaleso sikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi ucelwe ukuthi wenze i-'HIDA scan' (i-Hepatobiliary Immunodiacetic Acid Scan). Ngakho-ke, ungase uzizwe wesaba kancane uma uzwa lokhu, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngale 'HIDA scan' kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini ukuskena kwe-HIDA?

Kalula nje, i-HIDA scan iyisivivinyo esikhethekile esibheka ukuthi i-gallbladder yakho isebenza kanjani. Kulokhu, kufakwa inani elincane lekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-radioactive tracer emzimbeni wakho. Bese, kusetshenziswa ikhamera ekhethekile ukubuka ukuthi ihamba kanjani emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa emnyangweni wezokwelapha we-nuclear wesibhedlela.

Ukuze sichaze kabanzi, lesi `skeni se-HIDA` sibheka indlela i-bile egeleza ngayo isuka esibindini sakho iye emathunjini akho amancane. Sibiza le ndlela ye-bile ngokuthi 'uhlelo lwe-biliary'.

Cabanga ngakho, isibindi sakho senza lolu ketshezi lokugaya ukudla olubizwa ngokuthi i-bile. Le bile isisiza ukugaya amafutha ekudleni esikudlayo. Bese, i-bile eyenziwayo ihamba ngamapayipi akhethekile (ama-biliary ducts) bese igcinwa e-gallbladder. I-gallbladder iyisikhwama esincane esitholakala ngaphansi kwesibindi sakho, ngakwesokudla, eduze kwezimbambo zakho ezingezansi. Uma udla, le nyongo iyafinyela (iyacindezela) bese ithumela i-bile egcinwe kuyo ngemibhobho iye engxenyeni yokuqala yamathumbu akho amancane (i-duodenum), ukusiza ukugaya amafutha.

Uyaqonda manje? Uma kunenkinga encane endaweni ethile kule nqubo, ungabhekana nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene. Yilapho-ke lokhu `kuskena kwe-HIDA` kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi `i-cholescintigraphy` kanye ne-`hepatobiliary scintigraphy`.

Yiziphi izifo ezingatholakala nge-HIDA scan?

Odokotela basebenzisa lesi `scan se-HIDA` ukuthola nokuhlola ubukhulu balezi zimo:

• I-cholecystitis ebukhali: Lesi yisimo esivele ngokuzumayo. Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obukhulu ohlangothini oluphezulu kwesokudla lwesisu sakho kanye nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane. Ngokuvamile (cishe ama-90%) kubangelwa amatshe enyongo avimba i-bile duct.
• I-cholecystitis Engapheli: Yilapho inyongo yakho ivuvukala futhi ivuvukala njalo. Ubuhlungu abubi kakhulu kunasesigabeni esibucayi, kodwa ukungakhululeki kungase kuvele kudlule. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa amatshe enyongo avimba inyongo (i-cystic duct).
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-sphincter ka-Oddi: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-sphincter ka-Oddi, umsipha osebenza njengesango le-bile kanye nejusi le-pancreatic (ama-enzyme), ingavuli kahle. Lokhu kubangela ukugeleza kwamajusi okugaya ukudla. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu.
• I-Biliary atresia:Lesi yisimo esenzeka ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Sivimba ukugeleza kwenyongo kusuka esibindini somntwana kuya emathunjini amancane. Lesi yimbangela enkulu, kodwa engavamile, ye-jaundice ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Uma lokhu kungalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa phakathi nezinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zokuqala zokuphila, kungabangela ukulimala kwesibindi.
• Ukuvuza kwenyongo: Yilapho inyongo iphuma khona emigudwini yenyongo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izicubu ezizungezile zingavuvukala, zibe buhlungu, futhi zitheleleke ngisho nangokwezifo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngemva kokuhlinzwa kokususwa kwenyongo, ukulimala, noma ukufakelwa isibindi.

Udinga nini ukuskena kwe-HIDA?

Odokotela batusa ukuskena kwe-HIDA ukuze kuhlolwe izinkinga ngamaseli esibindi, uhlelo lwe-biliary, kanye ne-gallbladder. Udokotela angase akucele ukuskena kwe-HIDA uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini lwesokudla: Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuvuvukala okungazelelwe kwenyongo (i-cholecystitis). Lesi yisona sizathu esivame kakhulu sokuhlolwa kwe-HIDA.
• Ubuhlungu noma umkhuhlane ngemva kokuhlinzwa okuthile: Uma uke wahlinzwa ukususwa kwenyongo, ukuhlinzwa kwesisu esingaphezulu, noma ukufakelwa isibindi, ungadinga ukuhlolwa kwe-HIDA uma unomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu ngemva kwalokho.
• I-jaundice enzima ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa: Lokhu kungase kubangelwe yisimo esisongela ukuphila esibizwa ngokuthi i-'biliary atresia'.

Futhi, uma une-stent ye-biliary efakwe emgudwini wakho we-bile, ungase wenze i-HIDA scan ukuze ubone ukuthi isebenza kahle yini. I-stent ye-biliary iyipayipi elincane, elingenalutho elifakwa emgudwini wakho we-bile ukuze lihlale livulekile uma livaliwe. Uma uke wafakelwa isibindi, ungase wenze i-HIDA scan eziningana ukuze ubone ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kanjani ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ubani owenza i-HIDA scan?

Kukhona ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abathathu abahilelekile ekwenzeni i-HIDA scan. Basiza ekusetheni imishini yokuskena, baphathe imithi ye-radiopharmaceuticals, futhi bachaze imiphumela yokuskena. Laba:

• Udokotela ogxile 'kwezokwelapha ngenyukliya' noma 'kwi-radiology yenyukliya'.
• Isazi sezobuchwepheshe benyukliya.
• Isazi sesayensi yezokwelapha.

Isebenza kanjani i-HIDA scan?

I-HIDA scan (i-hepatobiliary immunodiacetic acid scan) isebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezinemisebe ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-radiopharmaceuticals noma ama-radiotracers. Lokhu kuvame ukufakwa emthanjeni wakho.

Lo 'mtholi we-radiotracer' ube esedlula esibindini sakho, enyongweni, nasemathunjini amancane. Lo 'mtholi we-radiotracer' ukhipha uhlobo lwamandla olubizwa ngokuthi 'imisebe ye-gamma'. Amakhamera akhethekile athola la mandla, bese ikhompyutha iwasebenzisa ukudala izithombe ezicacile zendlela izitho zakho nezicubu ezisebenza ngayo.

Ngilungiselela kanjani ukuskena kwe-HIDA?

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokunikeza imiyalelo eqondile yokuthi ungalungiselela kanjani ukuskena kwe-HIDA. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela leyo miyalelo ngqo. Nasi isiqondiso esijwayelekile sokulungiselela:

• Uma ukhulelwe, ucabanga ukuthi ukhulelwe, noma uncelisa , kubalulekile ukuthi utshele udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokwenza i-HIDA scan.
• Tshela ithimba lakho lezokwelapha ngayo yonke imithi oyithathayo, okuhlanganisa amavithamini kanye nezithasiselo zamakhambi. Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi uyeke ukuthatha eminye imithi ngaphambi kokuskena, njengoba ingathinta imiphumela yokuskena.
• Uma uza ukuzoskena , susa noma yibuphi ubucwebe noma izesekeli bese uzishiya ekhaya, noma uzisuse ngaphambi kokuskena. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ukuhlolwa.
• Uma wesaba izikhala ezivalekile (`claustrophobia`), sitshele ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuhlolwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuze uthole izithombe ezinhle kakhulu, ikhamera yokuskena idinga ukubanjwa eduze komzimba wakho. Kodwa-ke, le khamera ayifani nepayipi elivaliwe nxazonke, kodwa livulekile nhlangothi zombili. Ngokuvamile libekwa ngaphezu kwesisu sakho, futhi alimbozi ubuso bakho.
• Ukuze uthole i-HIDA scan , kufanele uzile ukudla okungenani amahora amane (akukho ukudla noma isiphuzo ngaphandle kwamanzi). Uma udinga ukuzila ukudla isikhathi esingaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzokutshela.
• Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zingadinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuskena. Abasebenzi ewadini yezingane bazokwazisa ngalokhu.

Ingabe kufanele ulaliswe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-HIDA?

Ngokuvamile awunikezwa i-anesthesia ukuze uhlolwe nge-HIDA. Eqinisweni, amanye ama-scan adinga ukuthi ushintshele ezikhundleni ezahlukene.

Kodwa-ke, uma unenkinga yokuhlala ungashukumi ngesikhathi sokuskena, noma uma ingane yakho iskenwa, wena noma ingane yakho ninganikwa umuthi wokudambisa ukuze uyisize izole futhi izizwe ilele. Kodwa-ke, ngeke ikwenze ulale ngokuphelele, uzohlala uphapheme.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuskena kwe-HIDA?

Ukuskena kwe-HIDA ngokuvamile kungathatha phakathi kwehora elilodwa kuya kwamane . Ngezinye izikhathi, ungase ucelwe ukuthi ubuye zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kusukela kokuskena kokuqala ukuze uthole izithombe ezengeziwe.

Yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuskena kwe-HIDA?

Kungase kube nokwehluka okuncane endleleni okwenziwa ngayo ukuskena kwe-HIDA, kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu yakho yenyongo ehlolwayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile, nakhu ongakulindela:

• Kuzodingeka ukhumule izingubo ezimboze isisu sakho. Isibhedlela sizokunikeza ingubo ozoyigqoka esikhundleni salokho.
• Kuzodingeka ulale ubheke phezulu etafuleni lokuhlolwa.
• Umhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe uzofaka i-catheter efakwa emthanjeni (IV) emthanjeni osengalweni noma esandleni sakho, bese efaka i-radiotracer.
• Uchwepheshe uzobeka ikhamera yokuskena phezu kwesisu sakho, eduze komzimba wakho.
• Uma uqala ukuthatha izithombe, ikhamera yokuskena ithatha uchungechunge lwezithombe. Ikhamera ingakuzungeza noma ihlale endaweni eyodwa.
• Uma uthatha izithombe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ikhamera endaweni eyodwa ngaphandle kokunyakaza. Yilapho ungathola khona izithombe ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
• Ungase ucelwe futhi ukuthi ushintshe izikhundla phakathi kokuthatha izithombe. Uchwepheshe uzokutshela lokho.
• Ngemva kokuthatha izithombe, uchwepheshe angakunika umuthi wokukhipha inyongo yakho. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu obuncane bokuqaqamba esiswini sakho esingaphezulu. Njengoba inyongo yakho ikhipha, bazothatha izithombe ezengeziwe.
• Uma zonke izithombe ezidingekayo sezithathwe (lokhu kungathatha cishe amahora amane), ukuskena kuqediwe.

Ingabe ukuskena kwe-HIDA kuyalimaza?

I-HIDA scan ayibuhlungu kangako. Uma i-radiotracer inikezwa nge-IV, ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokucasuka lapho inalithi ifakwa emthanjeni, yilokho kuphela.

Kodwa-ke, uma uhlolwa nge-HIDA ukuze uthole isimo sezokwelapha, ungase uzwe ubuhlungu ngenxa yaleso simo. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-cholecystitis kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-sphincter ye-Oddi zingabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu. Futhi, akufanele uthathe imithi ethile yobuhlungu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, njengoba le mithi ingathinta ukusebenza kwesistimu yakho yenyongo futhi ithinte ukunemba kokuhlolwa.

Isibonelo, ama-opiate (njenge-morphine ne-codeine) kufanele amiswe okungenani amahora ayisithupha ngaphambi kokuskena kwe-HIDA.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuskena kwe-HIDA?

Kuye ngokuthi kungani wenze i-HIDA scan, ungase ukwazi ukuya ekhaya, noma kungase kudingeke ubuyele ewadini yesibhedlela.

Kufanele uphuze amanzi amaningi emahoreni angama-24 alandelayo ngemva kokuskena. Lokhu kuzosiza i-'radiotracer' ukuthi iphume emzimbeni wakho ngokushesha. Ezimweni eziningi, i-'radiotracer' izokhishwa emzimbeni wakho zingakapheli izinsuku, kungaba ngomchamo noma ngendle.

Hlanza indlu yangasese kahle ngemva kokuyisebenzisa, bese ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho. Inani lemisebe emshinini wokukhipha udoti lincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke akukho bungozi kwabanye abakuzungezile ngemva kokuskena.

Uma ungumama oncelisayo, kufanele ugweme ukukhipha ubisi lwebele amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokuskena. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-radiotracer ingangeza i-radioactivity ebisini lakho lebele, okungaba yingozi enganeni yakho. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhipha ubisi lwebele olwengeziwe ngaphambi kokuskena bese ulugcina luphephile, noma uthole enye indlela yokuncelisa ingane yakho usuku olulandela ukuskena.

Yiziphi izingozi nemiphumela emibi ye-HIDA scan?

Izingozi zokuskena kwe-HIDA ziphansi kakhulu. Ziyi:

• Indawo lapho kwajovwa khona i-radiotracer ingase ibe nemihuzuko kancane.
• Kukhona inani elincane lokuchayeka emisebeni. Inani lemisebe ochayeka kuyo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-HIDA licishe lifane nelomuntu ojwayelekile ochayeka kuyo endaweni ezungezile ngonyaka.
• Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe nokusabela kokungezwani komzimba kuma-radiotracer asetshenziswa ku-scan. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvamile kakhulu .

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe, ucabanga ukuthi ukhulelwe, noma uncelisa. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlolwa kwemithi yenuzi, njenge-HIDA scan, akwenziwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ngoba kungalimaza ingane engakazalwa.

Ukuthwebula izithombe ngemithi yenuzi, okuhlanganisa nokuskena kwe-HIDA, kunikeza ulwazi oluyingqayizivele olungenakukwazi ukwenziwa ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-ultrasound. Ngakho-ke, uma ungakhulelwe, izinzuzo zokuskena kwe-HIDA zidlula kakhulu izingozi ezincane.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela ye-HIDA scan?

Udokotela we-X-ray uzobheka izithombe ezivela ku-HIDA scan, abhale umbiko, bese etshela udokotela wakho imiphumela. Udokotela wakho uzobe esekutshela imiphumela. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwamahora angama-24 .

Iyini imiphumela ye-HIDA scan?

Ulwazi olusembikweni wakho wemiphumela yokuskena kwe-HIDA lungahluka kuye ngokuthi kungani wenze ukuskena. Ngokuvamile, umbiko uzochaza ukuthi i-radiotracer idlule kanjani ohlelweni lwakho lwe-biliary.

Odokotela benza ukuxilongwa kokugcina ngokuhlanganisa imiphumela ye-HIDA scan kanye nezinye izivivinyo, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi.

Imiphumela yeskeni ye-HIDA ingafaka:

• Okuvamile: I-radiotracer idlulile isuka esibindini sakho yaya enyongweni yakho kanye namathumbu amancane ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.
• Ukuhamba kancane kwe-radiotracer: Lokhu kungasho ukuthi kukhona ukuvaleka noma ukuvinjelwa endaweni ethile emgudwini wakho we-bile, noma ukuthi isibindi sakho asisebenzi kahle.
• Akukho mshini wokukhipha i-radiotracer obonakalayo enyongweni: Lokhu kungasho ukuthi une-cholecystitis ebukhali, ukuvaleka komsele we-bile.
• Ingxenye yokukhipha inyongo ephansi ngendlela engavamile: Lokhu kunqunywa ukuthi ingakanani inyongo engayikhipha (ingxenye yokukhipha) ngemva kokukhuthazwa ngemithi. Ingxenye yokukhipha inyongo engu-30% kuya ku-35% ivamile. Uma leli nani liphansi ngendlela engavamile, lingase libonise i-cholecystitis engapheli.
• I-Radiotracer itholakale kwezinye izindawo:Uma ukuskena kukhombisa ukuthi i-radiotracer ingaphandle kwesistimu yakho yenyongo, kungase kubonise ukuvuza kwenyongo.

Khumbula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela yakho iyini, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela yona, ngakho ungesabi ukubabuza imibuzo.

Okokugcina, yini okufanele ukwazi

I-'HIDA scan' (i-Hepatobiliary Immunodiacetic Acid Scan) iyisivivinyo esibalulekile sokuthola izinkinga ezithile esibindini sakho, emapayipini enyongo, kanye nenyongo. Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwenza isivivinyo esinjalo. Kodwa yazi ukuthi i-'HIDA scan' iyisivivinyo esingenabuhlungu nhlobo. Ungabuza udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho. Ungakhathazeki, odokotela balapha ukuzokusiza.

Ukuskena kwe - HIDA, inyongo, isibindi, inyongo, izinto ezinemisebe, ukuxilongwa, ubuhlungu besisu