Mangaki amangqamuzana abomvu egazini lakho? Ake sifunde ngokuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit!

Wake wezwa udokotela ethi, "Masenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi" uma uya kudokotela? Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu okuvame ukwenziwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-hematocrit. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase futhi kubhalwe ngokuthi `(Hct)` embikweni wakho. Kalula nje, lokhu kulinganisa iphesenti lamaseli abomvu egazini lakho. Igazi lethu lakhiwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, kanye nengxenye yoketshezi ebizwa ngokuthi `(plasma). Ukuba nenani elinempilo lala maseli abomvu egazi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba, anomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu - ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit kuvame ukwenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwegazi okukhulu okubizwa ngokuthi ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC). Ungadinga lokhu kuhlolwa uma:

• Ekuhlolweni kwegazi okuvamile okwenziwa minyaka yonke, okungukuthi, njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwakho okuphelele.
• Uma unezimpawu zesifo esithinta amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi, cabanga uma uhlala uzizwa ukhathele futhi ubuthakathaka.
• Uma unesifo esihlobene negazi, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuqapha amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi njalo.

Ake sibone ukuthi singalwenza kanjani lolu vivinyo?

Lokhu empeleni kulula kakhulu. Kumuntu omdala, uvame ukuthatha igazi elincane emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Kumntwana omncane, onezinyanga ezimbalwa ubudala, uvame ukuthatha igazi elincane esithendeni sonyawo. Igazi libe seliqoqwa ngepayipi elikhethekile, noma mhlawumbe amapayipi amaningana, aklanyelwe ukuqoqa igazi.

Bese leli sampula legazi lithunyelwa elabhorethri. Lapho, umshini okhethekile ujikeleza igazi ngokushesha okukhulu, uhlukanisa izingxenye zalo ezahlukene. Njengalapho ubisi lukhishwa ubisi. Bese, umshini ngokwawo ubala iphesenti eliqondile lamaseli abomvu egazi.

Ingabe udinga ukwenza noma yini ekhethekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Nazi izindaba ezinhle kuwe! Awudingi ukwenza lutho olukhethekile ukuze ulungiselele lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit. Ungadla futhi uphuze ngendlela evamile futhi uthathe noma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo njengenjwayelo. Ngaphandle kokuthi udokotela wakho akutshele ngenye indlela, kufanele uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke njengenjwayelo.

Kodwa, nansi into encane okufanele uyikhumbule: Uma wesaba kancane izinaliti, okusho ukuthi uba novalo uma utshelwa ukuthi ukhiphe igazi, tshela umhlengikazi noma abasebenzi bezokwelapha kusenesikhathi. Bazobe sebekufundisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuphumula nokunciphisa ukwesaba kwakho. Bangase bakhulume nawe noma bakutshele ukuthi wehlise ijubane, njengokuthatha umoya ophansi.

Kwenzekani uma uthola igazi? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe?

Ukukhishwa kwegazi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Kuyinqubo esheshayo. Nakhu okuvame ukwenzeka:

• Okokuqala, umuntu othatha igazi (lokhu kungaba umhlengikazi noma uchwepheshe welabhorethri yezokwelapha) uzothola umthambo omuhle engalweni yakho (ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwendololwane yakho).
• Bese kuthi, engalweni yakho engenhla, okungukuthi, engalweni yakho, bafake ibhande lerabha, esilibiza nangokuthi "i-tourniquet". Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwenza umthambo ube mkhulu kancane futhi kube lula ukudonsa igazi.
• Okulandelayo, isikhumba lapho kuzofakwa khona inaliti sihlanzwa kahle ngento efana notshwala. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvimba amagciwane ukuthi angangeni.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, inaliti ifakwa ngokucophelela emthanjeni. Kuzoba nokuhlaba okuncane lapha, njengokulunywa yintuthwane . Kodwa ubuhlungu buhlala isikhathi esifushane kakhulu futhi buhamba ngokushesha. Kulula uma uphefumula kakhulu. Ungesabi.
• Igazi eliphuma ngenaliti liqoqwa epayipini elikhethekile noma kwisirinji okukhulunywe ngayo ekuqaleni.
• Uma inani elidingekayo legazi selithathiwe, inaliti kanye nebhande lerabha kuyasuswa, kufakwa iplasta encane noma ucezu lukakotini phezu kwendawo lapho igazi lidonswa khona, bese kufakwa ibhandishi.

Uzokwazi ukuya ekhaya ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, kungumqondo omuhle ukubuza ukuthi uzowuthola nini umbiko wakho we-hematocrit `(Hct)`. Umbiko uvame ukutholwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili, ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ingabe lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi?

Iningi labantu alizizwa lingakhululekile ngemva kokunikela ngegazi futhi lizizwa liphilile. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bazizwe benesiyezi noma bedidekile lapho kudonswa igazi. Uma uzizwa ngale ndlela, kuyinto evamile, ungakhathazeki. Kodwa-ke, qiniseka ukuthi utshela umuntu odonsa igazi lakho ukuthi uzizwa kanjani. Bazobe sebekutshela ukuthi ulale phansi isikhashana, bakunike amanzi okuphuza, noma bakusize uze uzizwe ungcono. Indawo lapho kudonswe khona igazi ingase ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane, kodwa lokhu kuzophela ngokwako ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Kuyini okusembikweni? Kuthini lokhu?

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit yakho uza njengenombolo, evezwa njengephesenti. Isibonelo, uma umbiko wakho uthi 45, lokho kusho ukuthi u-45% wegazi lakho lakhiwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi. Nansi indlela amazinga e-hematocrit ajwayelekile ahluka ngayo ngokweminyaka nobulili:

• Kwabesilisa : 41% kuya ku-50%
• Kwabesifazane : 36% kuya ku-44%
• Kwabancane abanezinyanga ezimbalwa ubudala : 32% kuya ku-42%
• Kwabasanda kuzalwa : 45% kuya ku-61%

Kodwa kukhona into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule lapha. Lolu hlu 'olujwayelekile' lungahluka kancane kusuka kwelebhu kuya kwelebhu . Lokho kusho ukuthi uhla olujwayelekile lwelebhu eyodwa lungase luhluke kancane kolunye. Yingakho kufanele uqhathanise inani elisembikweni wakho 'nohlu lokubhekisela' olunikezwe kulowo mbiko. Futhi, funa uhlamvu `(H)` (Phezulu - okusho ukuthi kuphezulu) noma `(L)` (Okuphansi - okusho ukuthi kuphansi) eduze kwenani lakho. Ngaleyo ndlela ungaqonda ngokwakho ukuthi inani lakho lingaphakathi kohlu olujwayelekile, noma liphezulu noma liphansi.

Kwenzekani uma inani le-hematocrit liphezulu?

Uma inani le-hematocrit liphakeme kunenani elinconywayo, ngokwezokwelapha silibiza ngokuthi `(Erythrocytosis)`. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba uphawu lwesifo somnkantsha wamathambo njenge `(Polycythemia vera)`. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, lokhu kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba wakho adinga umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, ngakho umzimba wakho wenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engeziwe. Njengoba nje sinenkinga yokuphefumula endaweni enomoya-mpilo omncane, okufanayo kungenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokuthi kungani inani le-hematocrit lingakhuphuka:

• Ubuthi be-carbon monoxide: Lokhu kwenzeka uma uphefumula umusi ovela ezintweni ezifana nezitofu zokhuni kanye nomusi womoya wemoto.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni: Uma umzimba ungatholi amanzi anele, uketshezi lwegazi luyancipha futhi iphesenti lamaseli abomvu egazi liyakhuphuka.
• Ezinye izifo zenhliziyo: Lapho inhliziyo ingapompi igazi ngendlela efanele.
• I-pulmonary fibrosis: Kulokhu, ukushintshana komoya-mpilo emaphashini akwenzeki kahle.
• Ukuphefumula okubangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kokulala: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuphefumula kuyeka isikhashana ngesikhathi sokulala ebusuku.
• Ukubhema: Umzimba ukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu engeziwe ngoba igazi lababhemayo linamandla amancane okuthwala umoya-mpilo.
• Ukuthatha i-hormone ye-testosterone ngaphandle.

Enye into, uma uhlala endaweni ephakeme, i-hematocrit yakho inganda njengoba umzimba wakho ujwayela amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo kuleyo ndawo. Kodwa akuyona into okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Udokotela wakho uzocabangela izici ezifana nendlela yakho yokuphila kanye nendawo ohlala kuyo lapho ebukeza umbiko wakho futhi efinyelela esiphethweni.

Kwenzekani uma inani le-hematocrit liphansi?

I-hematocrit ephansi ivame ukusho ukuthi umzimba wakho awunawo amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo anele. Lesi simo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-anemia. Eqinisweni, isizathu esiyinhloko sokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit ukuthi uma usola ukuthi une-anemia . Ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, ikhanda elibuthakathaka, kanye nesiyezi ngenxa ye-anemia. Kunezinye izizathu ezenza i-hematocrit yakho ibe phansi:

• Ukopha: Kungaba ngenxa yesilonda, isilonda esiswini, noma ukuya esikhathini okukhulu kwabesifazane.
• I-Hyponatremia: Lokhu kusho ukwehla kokuqukethwe kukasawoti egazini.
• Umdlavuza okhula egazini, njenge-leukemia.
• Isifo sezinso: Lapho izinso zikhiqiza i-hormone esiza ekwakheni amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ziyaphazamiseka.
• Isifo se-thyroid: Ikakhulukazi uma ama-hormone e-thyroid ephansi.

Inani le-hematocrit lingase lehle kancane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uketshezi lomzimba kamama (i-plasma) luyanda phakathi nalesi sikhathi, okubangela ukuthi inani le-plasma egazini lande uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lamaseli abomvu egazi. Lokhu kuvamile.

Kunini lapho udinga ukukhuluma nodokotela?

Uma ungaqondi ukuthi yini esembikweni wakho, noma uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana ne-hematocrit yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho . Ungabi namahloni noma wesabe. Khumbula, i-hematocrit engaphezu kancane kwejwayelekile ayisho njalo into engathi sína. Udokotela wakho uzobheka i-hematocrit yakho, eminye imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa, izimpawu zakho, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze anqume ukuthi kukhona yini okungahambi kahle. Uzochaza ukuthi lawo manani asho ukuthini empilweni yakho, ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo uma i-hematocrit yakho iphansi noma iphezulu, nokuthi ngabe kukhona ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Udokotela wakho kungenzeka ukuthi ucele lolu vivinyo ngoba unezimpawu zesimo esithinta izinga le-hematocrit yakho (isib. ukukhathala, ukuphaphatheka). Uma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kweHematocrit neHemoglobin?

Lona futhi umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bayadideka. Nakuba womabili ahlobene namaseli abomvu egazi, alinganisa izinto ezimbili ezihlukene.

Kalula nje:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-hematocrit kulinganisa ukuthi yiliphi iphesenti levolumu yegazi lakho lonke elenziwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi (kufana 'nobuningi' bamaseli abomvu egazi egazini lakho).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin kulinganisa inani (ngokuvamile ngamagremu) leprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin engaphakathi kwamaseli akho abomvu egazi.

Le hemoglobin ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngoba, okusiza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuthi athwale umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke, futhi okubamba umoya-mpilo, yile phrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin. Ngakho-ke zombili lezi zisitshela ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yethu.

Kuthiwani uma kokubili i-hematocrit ne-hemoglobin kuphansi?

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kungabonisa kokubili i-hematocrit ephansi kanye ne-hemoglobin ephansi. Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokhu:

• Uyopha : Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokulimala noma isimo sempilo sangaphakathi (isib. izilonda zesisu, ukopha kwamathumbu).
• Umnkantsha wakho wethambo awukhiqizi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anele : Umnkantsha uyifektri yethu yamangqamuzana egazi. Uma kunenkinga ngawo, ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kungancipha.
• Amaseli akho abomvu egazi ayafa (ayabhubha) ngaphambi kwesikhathi esijwayelekile : Amaseli abomvu egazi aphila isikhathi esijwayelekile. Uma ebhubha ngaphambi kwalokho, lokho kungabangela nokuthi la manani ehle.

Uma unesimo esifana nalesi, okusho ukuthi kokubili i-hematocrit yakho `(Hct)` kanye ne-hemoglobin `(Hb)` yakho kuphansi, udokotela wakho uzonquma imbangela eqondile futhi anqume ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okudingayo.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule!

Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile noma ukhathazekile uma inani le-hematocrit yakho `(Hct)` embikweni wakho wokuhlolwa kwegazi liphezulu noma liphansi kunokujwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani lokhu kungenzeka . Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zinguquko zingaba uphawu lokugula okungathí sina. Kodwa kaningi, zingaba ngenxa yezimo ezingathí sina kangako, noma ngisho nezinguquko ekudleni kwethu nasendleleni yethu yokuphila. Ngezinye izikhathi, le miphumela ingaba yesikhashana. Isibonelo, lapho umzimba uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni, i-hematocrit ingabonakala iphakeme kancane.

Ngakho-ke, ungacabangi ngokushesha okubi kakhulu uma ubona umbiko. Ungesabi. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uqonde kahle ukuthi lezi zindinganiso zisho ukuthini empilweni yakho . Khona-ke uzoba nokuqonda okucacile, futhi uma kukhona okufanele kwenziwe, uzokwazi ukuthi kuyini. Ukuhlolwa okunjengalokhu kusisiza kakhulu ukuba sihlale siphilile!

I- Hematocrit, i-Hct, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, i-anemia, i-CBC, inani legazi