Njengoba ufunda lokhu, amehlo akho ayazulazula, iminwe yakho isefonini noma egundwini lakho, uyaphefumula... Wake wacabanga ngamandla amakhulu angemuva kwakho konke lokhu? Leso 'yisikhungo sokulawula esiyinhloko' somzimba wethu, isimiso sezinzwa. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi simiso esimangalisayo kalula nangomusa. Njengokukhuluma nomngane, hhayi njengasencwadini, kodwa ngesiSinhala esiqondakalayo.
Kalula nje, iyini le nqubo yezinzwa?
Cabanga ngomzimba wakho njengenkampani enkulu. Ihhovisi elikhulu laleyo nkampani uhlelo lwezinzwa. Lena yindawo elawula futhi ilawula konke emzimbeni wonke. Leli hhovisi elikhulu lakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ubuchopho, umgogodla, kanye nemizwa .
Lolu hlelo lusebenza njengenethiwekhi yocingo. Luthumela imiyalezo, noma izimpawu zikagesi, phakathi kobuchopho nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lezi zimpawu zikutshela ukuthi uphefumule, ushukumise izitho zakho, ukhulume, futhi ubone izinto. Hhayi lokho kuphela, kodwa futhi luqoqa ulwazi njalo ngalokho okwenzekayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba wakho futhi lunqume ukuthi uzosabela kanjani kukho.
Akulawuli nje kuphela izinto ozenzayo ngamabomu, kodwa futhi nezinto ozenzayo ungaqondile. Cabanga ngezinto ezinjengokufiphala, ukujuluka, nokucwayiza uma uzizwa unamahloni. Asizilawuli, zivele zenzeke ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa luyimbangela yakho konke lokhu.
Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yisimiso sezinzwa emizimbeni yethu?
Imisebenzi eyenzayo ibanzi kakhulu. Emikhulu ukuthutha imiyalezo evela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba iye ebuchosheni kanye nesuka ebuchosheni iye emzimbeni. Ake sibheke eminye yemisebenzi eyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lomsebenzi | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Umsebenzi wengqondo | Ukucabanga, ukukhumbula, ukufunda izinto ezintsha, ukuzwa imizwa efana nenjabulo nokudabuka. |
| Ukulawula ukunyakaza | Ukuhamba, ukugijima, ukubamba izinto, nokulondoloza ibhalansi. |
| Umsebenzi wezinzwa | Ubuchopho buchaza lokho amehlo akubonayo, izindlebe ezikuzwayo, ulimi olukunambithayo, iphunga lekhala, kanye nesikhumba esizwa ukuthintwa. |
| Izenzo ezizenzakalelayo | Izinto esingazilawuli ngamabomu, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, ukugaya ukudla, kanye nokujuluka. |
| Ezinye izinqubo emzimbeni | Ngisho nezinqubo ezinjengokuphulukiswa kwamanxeba, ukulawula ubuthongo, ukuthomba, kanye nokuguga ziyasiza ekulawuleni. |
Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lolu hlelo lusebenza kanjani.
Lonke lolu hlelo lusebenza kusetshenziswa uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-neurons . Lawa afana nezintambo zikagesi emizimbeni yethu. Lawa ma-neurons yiwo athwala izimpawu zikagesi (imiyalezo) emzimbeni wonke. Le miyalezo ihamba isuka ebuchosheni iye esikhumbeni, ezithweni zangaphakathi, kanye nasemisipheni.
Cabanga ngamehlo akho, izindlebe, impumulo, ulimi, kanye nesikhumba njengezinto eziqoqa ulwazi oluvela endaweni ezungezile. Ulwazi oluqoqwe yilezi zinzwa luthunyelwa ebuchosheni ngemizwa (ama-neurons). Ubuchopho buhlaziya lolo lwazi, benze isinqumo ngalokho okufanele bakwenze, bese buthumela umlayezo emuva ngemizwa uye esithweni noma emisipheni efanele.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-neuron, ngayinye inomsebenzi ohlukile.
| Uhlobo lwe-Neuron | Umsebenzi kanye nesibonelo |
|---|---|
| Ama-Neuron Ezimoto | Lezi zithwala izimpawu ezivela ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni ziya emisipheni. Kalula nje, ziphethe umyalo othi "yenza." Isibonelo: La ma-neuron ayala imisipha esesandleni sakho ukuthi ithathe ingilazi yamanzi. |
| Ama-Neuron Ezinzwa | Lezi ziqoqa ulwazi oluvela ezinzwa (njengamehlo, izindlebe, kanye nesikhumba) bese ziluyisa ebuchosheni. Zitshela ubuchopho ukuthi "buzizwa kanjani." Isibonelo: La ma-neuron athumela umlayezo ebuchosheni wokuthi ingilazi yamanzi oyiphethe iyabanda. |
| Ama-interneurons | Laba baxhumanisi abaxhumana phakathi kwama-neuron e-motor kanye ne-sensory, okusisiza ukuthi senze izinqumo ezisheshayo ngokusekelwe olwazini esilutholayo. Isibonelo: Uma uthinta into eshisayo ngephutha, ngokushesha nje lapho kufika umyalezo wemizwa wokuthi iyashisa, la ma-neurons ayangenelela ukuze athumele ngokushesha umyalezo we-motor okutshela ukuthi ususe isandla sakho. |
Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zesimiso sezinzwa
Njengoba sikhulume ngakho ngaphambili, ungacabanga ngesimiso sethu sezinzwa njengomuthi. Isiqu siyingxenye eyinhloko yalowo muthi. Amagatsha ayizingxenye ezinye.
Uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa lufana nomuthi. Ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla kuyisiqu somuthi. Imizwa ehluma kuwo amagatsha omuthi. Lawa magatsha asakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwezinzwa luhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Isistimu Yezinzwa Ephakathi (CNS): Lena 'ihhovisi lethu elikhulu'. Yakhiwa ubuchopho nomgogodla . Ifunda futhi iqonde yonke imiyalezo engenayo, futhi yenza izinqumo.
2. Uhlelo Lwezinzwa Oluhambayo (PNS): Lolu 'uhlelo lokuxhumana'. Luhlanganisa yonke imizwa esukela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (CNS) iye kuwo wonke umzimba - kuya ezingalweni, emilenzeni, eminweni, ezithweni zangaphakathi - futhi luthwala imiyalo evela ku-CNS iye kuwo wonke umzimba, futhi luthwala nolwazi oluvela emzimbeni luye ku-CNS.
Lolu hlelo lwezinzwa oluseceleni (i-PNS) luhlukaniswe kabili:
- Isimiso Sezinzwa Somzimba: Yilokhu okulawula ukunyakaza kwethu okuqaphelayo nokuzithandela, njengokuhamba, ukuphakamisa ingalo, nokukhuluma.
- Isistimu Yezinzwa Ezimele: Lokhu kulawula izinto esingazenzi ngamabomu, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, kanye nokugaya ukudla.
Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta isimiso sezinzwa?
Ngeshwa, kunezifo eziningi nezimo ezingathinta uhlelo olubaluleke kangaka. Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer
- Umdlavuza (ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni)
- Ukukhubazeka kobuchopho
- Isifo Sokuxhuzula
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- Izifo, isibonelo i-meningitis
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu
Izimpawu ezibonisa inkinga yesimiso sezinzwa
Nakuba izimpawu zesifo sesimiso sezinzwa ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesifo, kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezingabonakala.
- Izinguquko ekuhambeni nasekulinganiseni (ubunzima bokuhamba, ukuzizwa sengathi izinto ziyawa)
- Ukulahlekelwa noma ukwehla kwenkumbulo
- Ubuhlungu, ukungazweli, noma izikhonkwane nezinaliti
- Izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekuziphatheni nasemizweni
- Ubunzima bokucabanga nokucabanga
- Ukuquleka
Qaphela kakhulu ngalezi zici!
Ezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi izinto ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, ziyizimo eziphuthumayo ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze (i-ETU) ngokushesha noma ushayele isevisi ye-ambulensi ku-1990.
- Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukungakhululeki ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.
- Ukulahlekelwa noma ukufiphala kombono ngokuzumayo.
- Inkulumo engaqondakali.
- Ukudideka okungazelelwe.
Ukuhlolwa okuhlola impilo yesimiso sezinzwa
Uma udokotela wakho esola inkinga ngesimiso sezinzwa, angenza izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuze ayiqinisekise.
- I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - i-CT scan)
- I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram - i-ECG noma i-EKG) - Buka ukushaya kwenhliziyo
- I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram - i-EEG) - Buka umsebenzi kagesi wobuchopho
- Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar (Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar / i-spinal tap) - hlola uketshezi emgogodleni
- Ukuskena kwe-MRI (i-Magnetic resonance imaging - i-MRI scans) - thola izithombe ezicacile zobuchopho nomgogodla
Sigcina kanjani isimiso sethu sezinzwa siphilile?
Kudingeka sinakekele kahle uhlelo oluwusizo kangaka. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezilula esingazenza ukuze sisize.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo. Faka imifino, izithelo, namaprotheni angenawo amafutha ekudleni kwakho. Vivinya umzimba njalo.
- Gwema izinto eziyingozi: Ukubhema nokusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile kungalimaza ngqo isimiso sezinzwa.
- Hlala uphephile: Gqoka izimpahla zokuzivikela njengesigqoko sokuzivikela uma udlala imidlalo noma ugibela isithuthuthu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukulimala ekhanda.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, zilawule kahle, njengoba lezi zifo zingalimaza nemizwa.
- Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Uma kunenkinga, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha njalo ukuze uyibone kusenesikhathi.
Uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa luyisikhungo somyalo wakho konke okusemzimbeni wakho. Ukulugcina luphilile kubalulekile empilweni yakho iyonke. Uma lolu hlelo luthintwa ukutheleleka, ingozi, noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha, ungesabi futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa luyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokulawula umzimba wakho, esakhiwe ubuchopho bakho, umgogodla, kanye nemizwa.
- Lolu hlelo lulawula izinto ozenzayo ngamabomu, kanye nezinto ezenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho nokuphefumula.
- Uhlelo lwezinzwa lunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi (i-CNS) kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa oluseceleni (i-PNS).
- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezinzima njengobuthakathaka obungazelelwe, ubunzima bokukhuluma, noma ukushintsha kombono. Funa iseluleko sikadokotela ngokushesha.
- Ungagcina uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa luphilile ngokudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca, kanye nokuphepha ezingozini.
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