Iqhawe elilawula ulimi lwakho: Ake sifunde nge-Hypoglossal Nerve.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngenzwa ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esingayinaki kakhulu. Leyo nzwa yinzwa ye-hypoglossal , elawula ukunyakaza kolimi lwethu. Le nzwa encane yenza okungaphezu kwalokho ongase ukucabange. Ake sibone ukuthi iyini.

Iyini i-hypoglossal nerve?

Kalula nje, i-hypoglossal nerve yakho ifana nesithunywa esikhethekile esigijima sisuka ebuchosheni bakho siye olimini lwakho . Ukuze kube sobala, ingenye yezimbili eziyi-12 zezinzwa ze-cranial ekhanda lakho. Yebo, kunezimbili eziyinhloko zezinzwa eziyi-12 ezixhunywe ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zekhanda lakho. Iqala phansi kobuchopho bakho, okuthiwa i-brainstem. Bese ihamba phansi entanyeni yakho, iphume amagatsha, bese ixhuma ngaphansi kolimi lwakho kanye nesisekelo solimi lwakho.

Igama elithi "hypoglossal" livela emagameni amabili esiGreki: elithi "hypo" elisho "ngaphansi" kanye nelithi "glossal" elisho "ulimi." Ngakho-ke, igama ngokwalo likutshela ukuthi lokhu kukuphi, akunjalo?

Lona umthambo wokunyakaza . Okusho ukuthi, uthwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni iye emisipheni futhi uyenze inyakaze. Ufana nentambo kagesi, kodwa awuthwali ugesi, uthwala imizwa yemizwa.

Yimaphi amanye amagama alo mzwelo?

Ibizwa ngamanye amagama amaningana. Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa nalawa magama:

• Inzwa yekhanda 12
• Inzwa ye-cranial ye-12
• `(CNXII)` (Lesi isifinyezo esisetshenziswa odokotela)

Uyini umsebenzi we-hypoglossal nerve?

Cabanga nje ukuthi ulimi lwakho lunyakaza kangakanani uma ukhuluma, ugwinya ukudla, noma wenza imisindo ehlukahlukene ngomlomo wakho! Inzwa ye-hypoglossal isiza ukulawula yonke leyo mizwa .

Lo mzwelo ubangela kakhulu ukuthi sikwazi ukwenza izinto ezilandelayo:

• Yenza imisindo ehlukene ngomlomo wakho (isibonelo, umsindo othi "chofoza" owenziwe ngolimi lwakho).
• Thutha izinto ezingaphakathi emlonyeni, okungukuthi, ukudla nokuphuza.
• Ukukhuluma (ulimi lwethu lugoba lube yizimo eziningi uma sikhuluma, akunjalo?).
• Gwinya ukudla (ulimi lusiza kakhulu ekuhambiseni ukudla emphinjeni).

Cabanga ukuthi bekuyoba nzima kangakanani ngathi ukukhuluma nokudla ukube lo mzwelo awusebenzi kahle!

Yimiphi imisipha elawulwa yi-hypoglossal nerve?

Ulimi lwakho aluyona nje imisipha eyodwa. Lunemisipha eminingi ehlukene ngaphakathi futhi exhunywe kulo. Inzwa ye-hypoglossal ilawula le misipha:

• Imisipha ye-Genioglossus : Lena yimisipha esunduza ulimi lwakho phambili. Le misipha isebenza uma ukhipha ulimi lwakho.
• Umsipha we-HyagoglossusImisipha ye-Hyoglossus: Le idonsela ulimi lwakho emuva bese ilwenza lube lula.
• Imisipha yangaphakathi : Lena yimisipha eshintsha ukuma kolimi. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokugoba nokunciphisa ulimi.
• Imisipha ye-Styloglossus : Le inyakazisa ulimi lwakho phezulu naphansi.

Kungenxa yokuthi yonke le misipha isebenza ndawonye, ​​​​ngokubambisana, ukuthi sikwazi ukwenza ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi kangaka ngolimi lwethu.

Iyiphi indawo (isakhiwo) senzwa ye-hypoglossal?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, le nzwa iqala phansi kobuchopho, eduze kwesiqu sobuchopho , ngaphezu komgogodla wakho.

Ngaphambi kokufinyelela olimini, le nzwa ihamba kanje:

• Okokuqala ihamba phansi emgogodleni wakho bese ixhuma kunethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yezinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-cervical plexus . Le nethiwekhi yezinzwa ilawula imizwa nokunyakaza kwentamo yakho nomzimba.
• Bese idlula entanyeni yakho, idlule emithanjeni yegazi ebalulekile (njenge -Carotid Artery kanye ne-Jugular Vein) .
• Iqala ngemuva komphimbo wakho iye phansi komlomo wakho, okungukuthi, phansi komlomo.
• Ekugcineni, lapho, amagatsha ayahlukana futhi axhumane nemisipha elawula ukunyakaza okuhlukahlukene kolimi.

Ungacabanga ukuthi lolu hambo oluyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani oluthathwa yilesi sivikelo esincane?

Yiziphi izimo ezithinta ukusebenza kwe-hypoglossal nerve?

Ngeshwa, izifo nezimo ezithile zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-hypoglossal nerve, okungaholela ekungakwazini ukwenza kahle imisebenzi yolimi esixoxe ngayo ekuqaleni.

Nazi ezinye zezimo ezinjalo:

• I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) : Eyaziwa nangokuthi isifo sikaLou Gehrig, lesi yisifo semisipha. Imisipha iba buthaka kancane kancane. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, i-hypoglossal nerve ingase ingakwazi ukuxhumana kahle nobuchopho.
• I-Encephalitis : I-Encephalitis yisimo lapho ubuchopho buvuvukala khona, kungaba ngenxa yokutheleleka kobuchopho noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Lapho ubuchopho buvuvukala, i-brainstem ingavuvukala futhi ibeke ingcindezi emthanjeni we-hypoglossal.
• Umdlavuza Wekhanda Nentamo : Lokhu kubhekisela kumdlavuza okhula emlonyeni, emphinjeni, noma kwezinye izingxenye zekhanda nentamo. Lo mthambo ungonakaliswa umdlavuza ngokwawo noma ngokwelashwa komdlavuza (isib. ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe).
• Ukuphelelwa Yisikhathi Kokulala: Lesi yisifo esihlobene nokulala. Ukuphefumula kuyama isikhashana ngenkathi ulele. Inzwa ye-hypoglossal ilawula imisipha engemuva komphimbo. Uma le misipha ikhululeka kakhulu ngenkathi ulele, ulimi lungawa lubuye luvale indlela yokuphefumula.
• Isifo sohlangothi : Isifo sohlangothi yisimo lapho ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni ethile yobuchopho kuphazamiseka khona. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho noma ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi. Uma ubuchopho bungatholi igazi elanele, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-hypoglossal nerve nobuchopho kungaphazamiseka.
• Ukuhlukumezeka : Lo mthambo ungalimala ngenxa yezingozi ezahlukahlukene, njengezingozi zezimoto, ukuwa, kanye nezehlakalo zobudlova. Kwezinye izingozi ezinkulu, lo mthambo ungaze unqanyulwe.

Izimpawu Zokulimala Kwezinzwa Ze-Hypoglossal

Uma i-hypoglossal nerve yakho yonakele, ivame ukuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa lolimi lwakho . Ulimi ohlangothini oluthintekile luba buthakathaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisipha kulolo hlangothi lolimi ingawohloka, futhi ekugcineni ulimi lungakhubazeka.

Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi ubhekane nobunzima obulandelayo:

• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla (i-dysphagia)
• Ubunzima bokugwinya ukudla
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-dysarthria)

Uma kwenzeka umonakalo wezinzwa ngenxa ye-ALS, ubuso bolimi bungabonisa ukunyakaza okucashile nokunyakazisayo (ama-fasciculations). Lokhu kufana nokunyakazisa okuncane okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwemisipha.

Okubalulekile: Uma uzwa ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obukhulu entanyeni noma ekhanda lakho kanye nalezi zimpawu, kungaba yimbangela yomthambo we-carotid wangaphakathi ohlikihliwe. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Umsebenzi we-hypoglossal nerve uhlolwa kanjani?

Uma udokotela wakho esola ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa ye-hypoglossal, uzoqala ngokwenza isivivinyo esilula.

• Uzotshelwa ukuthi ukhiphe ulimi lwakho luqonde . Uma kukhona umonakalo wemizwa, ulimi luzodonswa ohlangothini olulimele.
• Futhi, uzotshelwa ukuthi ucindezele ulimi lwakho ngaphakathi kwesihlathi sakho . Udokotela uzobeka isandla sakhe kolunye uhlangothi lwesihlathi sakho bese ebona ukuthi kungakanani ukucindezeleka okuvela olimini lwakho.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zivivinyo eziyisisekelo, kungase kulandelwe ezinye izivivinyo ukuze kutholakale imbangela:

• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - i-MRI) : Lokhu kuhlola izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma into efana nesimila sobuchopho.
• Ukubhoboza Umgogodla/Umthambo Wethambo : Lokhu kungahlola izimpawu zomdlavuza noma ukutheleleka.

Ukwelashwa Okuvamile Kokulimala Kwezinzwa Ze-Hypoglossal

Ukwelashwa komonakalo we-hypoglossal nerve kuncike embangela yomonakalo . Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngalokhu futhi anqume ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Ku-ALS, imithi kanye nokwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kunikezwa ukulawula izimpawu kanye nokunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
• Umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo ungelashwa ngokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye/noma nge-chemotherapy.

Ngingayivikela kanjani i-hypoglossal nerve yami?

Izinkinga nge-hypoglossal nerve zingathinta ikhono lakho lokudla, ukukhuluma, nokugwinya. Ezinye izimbangela, njengokuhlukumezeka nezinkinga ezivela ekuhlinzweni, kunzima ukuzivimbela. Kodwa-ke, uma udinga ukuhlinzwa emlonyeni noma emphinjeni wakho, ukukhetha udokotela ohlinzayo onolwazi kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yakho.

Futhi, ukunakekela impilo yakho iyonke kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa ye-hypoglossal. Lezi zinto zingasiza:

• Uma unesifo esingamahlalakhona njenge-ALS, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo ukuze uphathe isifo sakho .
• Isifo sohlangothi singavinjelwa ngokuphila impilo enempilo (isib. ukudla ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, nokulawula umfutho wegazi).
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo . Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuthi i-sleep apnea ingakhuli noma ibe yimbi kakhulu uma unayo.
• Uma usebenzisa ugwayi, yeka ukubhema futhi unciphise ukuphuza utshwala. Kokubili lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana nezinkinga ze-hypoglossal nerve?

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ohlangothini olulodwa noma zombili zolimi lwakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha:

• Ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-aphasia noma i-dysarthria) noma ubunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia).
• Isimo sokungazi lutho (njengokungezwani kolimi).
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha (njengokungakwazi ukulawula ulimi kahle).
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukushisa .
• Ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza (njengokuboshwa ulimi).

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Ngokuvamile asicabangi kakhulu nge-hypoglossal nerve, kodwa yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu. Yi-nerve esisiza ukuthi sinyakazise ulimi lwethu, sikhulume, sigwinye, futhi sinyakazise izinto emlonyeni wethu. Izimo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi, umdlavuza, kanye ne-ALS zingathinta ukusebenza kwale nerve. Ukuphila ngendlela enempilo kungasizaLezi ezinye zezinto ezingasiza ekuvikeleni i-hypoglossal nerve yakho. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ezihlobene nolimi lwakho, kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukukhuluma nodokotela.

I- hypoglossal nerve, i-lingual nerve, i-cranial nerve, ukulawula ulimi, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ubunzima bokugwinya, izifo ze-neurological