Wake wazibuza ukuthi lezi zinto zenzeka kanjani emzimbeni wakho uma uzizwa ujabule, udangele, noma ushukumisa ingalo noma umlenze? Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kuneqembu elincane kodwa elinamandla kakhulu lezithunywa zamakhemikhali. Laba yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitter kwezokwelapha. Kalula nje, laba bafana nabaphathi beposi bomzimba wethu. Bathwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni iye kuwo wonke umzimba, futhi yibo abaletha imiyalezo evela emzimbeni iye ebuchosheni. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalezi zithunywa ezimangalisayo.
Ziyini ngempela lezi zinzwa?
Cabanga ngomzimba wakho njengomuzi omkhulu. Imiyalezo idinga ukuthunyelwa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye kulo muzi, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa luyinethiwekhi yemiyalezo esakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba. Amangqamuzana ezinzwa akule nethiwekhi ayakhulumisana, ethumela imiyalezo, ngamakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters.
Kalula nje, i-neurotransmitter iyisithunywa samakhemikhali esithwala umlayezo ovela kwelinye iseli lezinzwa uye kwelinye, noma ovela esitokisini semisipha uye esitokisini sezindlala.
Lezi zithunywa ezincane zibalulekile ekulawuleni konke kusukela ekuphefumuleni nasekushayeni kwenhliziyo yakho kuya emicabangweni yakho, emizweni, enkumbulo, ngisho nasekunyakazeni kwezitho zakho zomzimba.
Ngaphandle kwabo, umzimba wethu ufana nedolobha elingenayo isevisi yocingo. Akukho ukubambisana.
Lezi zithunywa zigcinwa ezikhwameni ezincane ekugcineni kweseli lemizwa, elibizwa ngokuthi i-axon terminal . Lezi zikhwama zibizwa ngokuthi ama-synaptic vesicles . Isikhwama ngasinye singaqukatha izinkulungwane zalezi zithunywa.
Yiziphi izithunywa eziyinhloko emzimbeni wethu?
Ososayensi manje sebethole izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka- 60 zama-neurotransmitter. Sivame ukukhuluma ngezimbalwa zazo. Ngayinye yazo inomsebenzi othize. Ezinye zisebenza ndawonye, kanti ezinye zisebenza ngokumelene. Ake sibheke ezinye ezibaluleke kakhulu.
| I-Neurotransmitter | Umsebenzi oyinhloko | Kuthiwani uma ulahlekelwa ibhalansi? |
|---|---|---|
| I-Acetylcholine (i-Acetylcholine - Ach) | Kuyasiza ekunyakaziseni imisipha yethu. Yilokho okufaka imicabango yethu esenzweni. Kubalulekile futhi ekukhumbuleni nasekufundeni. | Kutholakale ukuthi iziguli ezine-Alzheimer's zinamazinga aphansi alokhu, okungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwenkumbulo. |
| I-Dopamine (i-Dopamine - i-DA) | Kubizwa nangokuthi "ikhemikhali yenjabulo." Kukhiqizwa uma sidla ukudla okumnandi noma senza okuthile okusenza sijabule. Yilokho okusishukumisela ukuba senze okuthile. | Amazinga e-dopamine ayancipha kwisifo sikaParkinson, futhi ukungalingani kungabonakala kwezinye izifo zengqondo. |
| I-Serotonin (5HT) | Ibizwa nangokuthi "ikhemikhali yokuzola." Ilawula isimo sethu sengqondo, ubuthongo, kanye nesifiso sokudla. | Amazinga aphansi angahlotshaniswa nezimo ezinjengokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. |
| I-Norepinephrine | Isebenza futhi njenge-hormone. Isiza ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka nokuhlala uqaphile. Kubalulekile empendulweni ethi "Yilwa noma Ubalekele". | Kuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana nokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka. Kungathinta nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. |
| I-Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) | Okubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzayo ukulawula nokuzola ukusebenza kobuchopho, njengamabhuleki emotweni. | Ukungasebenzi kahle kungabangela izimo ezifana nokukhathazeka, ukuqwasha, kanye nokuquleka. |
| I-Glutamate (i-Glutamate - i-GLU) | Isithunywa esiyinhloko "esivusa imizwa" yobuchopho. Sivuselela amangqamuzana ezinzwa. Sibalulekile ekukhumbuleni nasekufundeni. | Uma lokhu kwanda kakhulu, kungalimaza amangqamuzana ezinzwa. Lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ezifana nesifo sohlangothi. |
Zikhona yini ezinye izithunywa ezibalulekile?
Yebo, kunezinye eziningi. Njenge -Oxytocin ne -Vasopressin, zihlotshaniswa nemizwa yothando nokunamathelana. Futhi ama-hormone afana ne -Estrogen ne -Testosterone ngezinye izikhathi asebenza njenge-neurotransmitters.
Zisebenza kanjani lezi zithunywa?
Laba bantu bangahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu ngokwemisebenzi yabo.
- Okuvusa imizwa: Njengoba igama lisho, lokhu kuvuselela iseli lemizwa bese kulitshela ukuthi "Kulungile, thumela umyalezo phambili!" Njenge-accelerator emotweni. I-Glutamate iyisibonelo esihle.
- Okuvimbezelayo: Lokhu kwenza okuphambene nalokho. Kuvimba umyalezo ukuthi ungaqhubeki phambili. Kufana nokushaya amabhuleki bese uthi, "Kulungile, yeka manje!" I-GABA iyisithunywa esiyinhloko esivimbayo.
- Ukuguquguquka: Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuthinta inqwaba yamaseli ezinzwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Njengomphathi, bangashintsha amaphethini okuxhumana eqembu lonke. I-Dopamine ne-Serotonin ziwela kulesi sigaba.
Ingabe kungaba khona amaphutha kulesi simiso?
Kungenzeka impela. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani lolu hlelo olubucayi lungangalingani .
- Ukukhiqizwa noma ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwama-neurotransmitter athile.
- Ezinye zikhiqizwa noma zikhishwa ngobuningi obuncane kunalokho okudingekayo .
- Ama-receptor asesiseleni amukela umyalezo awasebenzi kahle.
- Ngemva kokuba umyalezo uthunyelwe, usheshe umuncwe (uphinde umuncwe) . Ngemuva kwalokho umyalezo awunaso isikhathi sokudlula kahle.
- Ukusebenza kwalezi zinto kungashintsha ngenxa yezifo ezithile kanye nemithi esiyithathayo.
Ukungalingani okunjalo kungaholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo,
Esifweni i-Alzheimer's, amazinga aphansi e-acetylcholine athinta inkumbulo. Ekucindezelekeni, amazinga aphansi e-serotonin ayabonakala. Esifweni sikaParkinson, amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-dopamine ayalimala.
Ngakho-ke, uma unezinkinga zemizwa ezihlala isikhathi eside, izinkinga zenkumbulo, izinkinga zokulala, noma ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngazo. Angahlonza imbangela yalezi zimo futhi akuthumelele ukwelashwa okufanele, uma kudingeka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-neurotransmitter ayizithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibalulekile ebuchosheni bethu kanye nasesimisweni sethu sezinzwa.
- Imizwa yethu, imicabango, ukunyakaza, ukulala, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo konke kulawulwa ukulinganisela okubucayi kwalokhu.
- Izithunywa ezahlukene, njenge-dopamine (injabulo) kanye ne-serotonin (ukuzola), zikhethekile ngemisebenzi ehlukene.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwebhalansi yalezi zithunywa kungahlotshaniswa nezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo, njengokucindezeleka nesifo sikaParkinson.
- Uma unenkinga ethile ngempilo yakho yengqondo noma yomzimba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela ngakho. Gwema ukuzihlola nokwelashwa.
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