Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle emzimbeni wakho, sengathi ama-hormone akho aphelile amandla? Mhlawumbe kungenxa yendlala encane ebuchosheni bakho. Uma le ndlala isebenza ngokweqile, ingathinta imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni wakho, njengokukhula, imetabolism, kanye nokuzala. Namuhla sikhuluma ngendlala ye-pituitary esebenza ngokweqile, noma i-hyperpituitarism.
Iyini i-Pituitary Gland?
Kalula nje, i-pituitary gland ifana nesikhungo sokulawula esiyinhloko esilawula umsebenzi womzimba wethu. Iyi-gland engangophizi etholakala phansi kobuchopho bethu. Iyinhloko yesistimu yethu ye-endocrine. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-gland eyinhloko". Ilawula ukusebenza kwezinye izindlala ezibalulekile njenge-thyroid gland, i-adrenal gland, kanye nezindlala ze-gonadal.
Cabanga nge-thermostat endlini yethu. Ihlala ihlola izinga lokushisa endlini futhi ithumela izimpawu ku-heater nakwi-cooler ukuze ihlale isezingeni elifanayo, akunjalo? I-pituitary gland nayo isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ihlala iqapha ukusebenza komzimba wethu futhi ithumela izimpawu ezithweni nasezinhlayiyeni mayelana nokuthi yimuphi umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe, nini, nokuthi ungakanani. Lezi zimpawu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-hormone .
I-pituitary gland ixhunywe engxenyeni yobuchopho bethu ebizwa ngokuthi i-hypothalamus. Ubuchopho butshela i-pituitary gland ukuthi ikhiphe i-hormone ethile noma cha.
Yimaphi ama-hormone ayinhloko akhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland?
I-pituitary gland yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ingxenye ngayinye ikhiqiza ama-hormone ahlukene. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini nokuthi kwenzekani kuwo.
| Ingxenye yendlala | I-hormone | Umsebenzi oyinhloko |
|---|---|---|
| I-Anterior Lobe (Cishe u-80% wendlala) | I-hormone ye-Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) | Kuvuselela izindlala ze-adrenal, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwe- cortisol, i-hormone yokucindezeleka, elawula umfutho wegazi kanye nokuzivikela komzimba. |
| I-hormone Yokukhula (GH) | Ilawula ukukhula komzimba (ikakhulukazi ezinganeni), i-metabolism, kanye nokwakheka komzimba (amafutha, imisipha). | |
| I-hormone Ekhuthaza I-Thyroid (TSH) | Ivuselela indlala yegilo futhi isiza ekukhiqizeni amahomoni egilo, alawula amazinga amandla omzimba. | |
| Ama-Gonadotropin (LH kanye ne-FSH) | Ama-ovari nama-testicle akhuthazwa ukukhiqiza ama-hormone ocansi adingekayo ekuzaleni. | |
| I-Prolactin | Kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwebele ngemva kokubeletha. | |
| I-Lobe Ephakathi | I-hormone evuselela i-melanocyte | Kuthinta ukuguquka kwesikhumba. |
| I-Lobe Yangemuva | I-hormone yokulwa nokukhipha isisu (i-ADH) | Ilawula ibhalansi yamanzi kanye ne-electrolyte yomzimba. |
| I-Oxytocin | Ilawula ukufinyela kwesibeletho kanye nokukhishwa kobisi lwebele ngesikhathi sokubeletha. |
Yiziphi izifo ezenzekayo uma i-pituitary gland isebenza ngokweqile?
Uma i-pituitary gland iqala ukusebenza ngokweqile, okungukuthi, uma ikhiqiza i-hormone eningi kakhulu, kungavela izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu umdlavuza ongewona umdlavuza (ongemuhle) okhula kule ndlala. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-pituitary adenoma .
Lezi ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko ezingabangelwa yilokhu:
- I-Cushing's syndrome: Uma i-pituitary gland ikhipha i-ACTH eningi kakhulu, izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqiza i-cortisol eningi kakhulu, okungaphazamisa ukusebenza komzimba kanye nesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela.
- I-Acromegaly: Isimo esenzeka lapho amazinga omzimba e-growth hormone (GH) eba phezulu kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amathambo nezicubu zikhule ngendlela engavamile.
- I-Hyperthyroidism: Uma isimila se-pituitary sikhiqiza i-TSH eningi kakhulu (lokhu kuyinto engavamile), i-thyroid gland iba namandla ngokweqile. Lokhu kungabangela izinto ezifana nokwanda kwe-metabolism, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kanye nokukhathazeka.
- I-Prolactinoma: Isimila esise-pituitary gland esibangela ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone prolactin. Lokhu kungathinta inqubo yokuzala kokubili kwabesifazane nabesilisa.
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zimo zingaba zimbi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu.
Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zimo?
Izimpawu ezihambisana nesimo ngasinye zihlukile. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini lezi. Bheka ukuthi nawe unazo yini lezi zimpawu.
| Isimo | Izimpawu Ezingenzeka |
|---|---|
| I-Cushing's syndrome |
|
| I-Acromegaly |
*Uma lokhu kwenzeka ezinganeni, kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-gigantism.' Zingakhula zibe zinde ngendlela engavamile. |
| I-Hyperthyroidism |
|
| I-Prolactinoma | Kwabesifazane:
Kwabesilisa:
*Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi: Kungase kube nezinkinga zekhanda nezinkinga zokubona (ngenxa yokukhula nokucindezela kwesimila emsipheni wokubona). |
I-Hyperpituitarism ezinganeni
Lesi simo asivamile ezinganeni. Uma senzeka, ngokuvamile sibangelwa isimila esincane esingesona umdlavuza esibizwa ngokuthi i-pituitary microadenoma. Isimo esivame kakhulu esibonakala ezinganeni yi-prolactinoma.
- Kwamantombazane: Ukuthomba okulibazisekile kanye nokuphela kokuya esikhathini (i-amenorrhea) kungase kwenzeke.
- Kwabafana: Njengoba isimila sikhula futhi sicindezela imizwa, singabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, izinkinga zokubona, nezinye izinkinga. Singabangela nezinkinga zokuthomba noma zokukhula ezibambezelekile.
Yiziphi izizathu zalokhu?
I-hyperpituitarism ivame ukubangelwa isimila esise-pituitary gland. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi kungani lezi zimila zenzeka.
- Izimila ezingengozi: Lena yimbangela evame kakhulu. Kuye ngohlobo lweseli isimila esakhiwe ngalo, siqala ukukhipha i-hormone eyodwa noma ezimbili kakhulu.
- Izimo zofuzo: Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zimila zingabangelwa yizimo zofuzo ezifana ne- Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) .
- I-Carcinoma: Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi isimila somdlavuza noma isifo se-hypothalamus singabangela lokhu.
Ungasibona kanjani lesi simo?
Manje, uma uya kudokotela onalezi zimpawu, uzothatha umlando onemininingwane bese elalela izimpawu zakho. Ngemva kwalokho, bangase bakucele ukuthi uhlolwe kaningana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa amazinga ama-hormone egazini lakho noma emchameni. Isibonelo, kuhlola amazinga e-prolactin, i-cortisol, kanye ne-growth hormone.
- Ukuskena Kwezithombe: Uma ukuhlolwa kwelebhu kuphakamisa isimila, kungenziwa ukuskena ukuze kuqinisekiswe. Lokhu kungabonisa ngqo ukuthi isimila sikuphi nokuthi sikhulu kangakanani.
- I-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Scan: Lena yindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu.
- I-CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: Uma une-pacemaker, i-CT scan ingenziwa ngoba i-MRI ayikwazi ukwenziwa.
Iphathwa kanjani?
Kuye ngesimo sakho, indlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yokwelapha ingasetshenziswa ndawonye.
Imithi
Kwezinye izimo, imithi inikezwa ukulawula amazinga ama-hormone. Isibonelo, uma kwenzeka i-prolactinoma, imithi inikezwa ukunciphisa amazinga e-prolactin nokunciphisa isimila. Imithi isetshenziswa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukunciphisa izimila ezinkulu ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ezimweni ezifana ne-acromegaly noma i-Cushing's syndrome, isimila sisuswa ngokuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa okuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi i-transsphenoidal adenomectomy . Kulokhu, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza ukusika okuncane ngekhala noma udebe olungaphezulu, afinyelele endlaleni ye-pituitary, bese esusa isimila. Nakuba lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okubucayi kakhulu, izinga lempumelelo lingaphezu kuka-80% uma kwenziwa udokotela ohlinzayo onolwazi.
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
Kulabo abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa, noma uma izingxenye zesimila zisala ngemva kokuhlinzwa, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Lokhu kuhilela ukuqondisa umsebe wemisebe enamandla aphezulu esimila bese kubhujiswa amaseli.
Unjani umbono?
Kwabaningi, isimo salesi simo sihle. Nakuba singelapheki, ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangakwazi ukulawula izimpawu zabo futhi baphile impilo enempilo, ejabulisayo, nephumelelayo. Kwezinye izimo, kungadingeka ukuthi uphuze imithi noma ube ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwezokwelapha isikhathi eside. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo futhi umazise nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezimpawu zakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-pituitary gland ifana "nomlawuli oyinhloko" wemizimba yethu. Ama-hormone ewakhiphayo alawula imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile emzimbeni wethu.
- Uma le ndlala isebenza ngokweqile, izifo ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne-hyperpituitarism, i-Cushing's syndrome, kanye ne-acromegaly zingavela.
- Uma ubona izinguquko ezingavamile nezizumayo ezintweni ezifana nesisindo somzimba, ukuma kobuso, ukuthungwa kwesikhumba, noma umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, qaphela lokho.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungesabi. Bonana nodokotela kusenesikhathi bese uthola iseluleko.
- Ngokuhlonzwa nokwelashwa okufanele, eziningi zalezi zimo zingalawulwa kahle futhi abantu baphile impilo evamile.
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