Uyazi ngalezi zindlela ezibalulekile zokuphefumula? (I-Bronchi) Ake sithole!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi umoya ungena kanjani emaphashini uma siphefumula? Kuyindlela emangalisayo. Omunye wabadlali abaphambili kulolu hambo olubalulekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuphefumula yi -bronchi . Namuhla sizoxoxa ngalezi bronchi nokuthi zibaluleke kangakanani empilweni yethu.

Ziyini lezi bronchi?

Kalula nje, i-bronchi yakho iyimibhobho emibili emikhulu ethwala umoya uye emaphashini akho. Uma uphefumula, umoya ongena ngekhala lakho noma ngomlomo udlula emphinjeni wakho bese wehla nge -trachea yakho, okuyi -windpipe yakho. Lo mbhobho womoya uhlukana kabili, njengohlamvu u-Y. Lawa mapayipi amabili amakhulu abizwa ngokuthi i-bronchi - elinye liya ephashini lesobunxele, elinye liye ephashini lesokudla. Bese lawa mapayipi amabili amakhulu, njengamagatsha esihlahla, ahlukana abe amapayipi amancane ngisho nangaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho. Lawa yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yethu yokuphefumula . Cabanga ngawo njengemigwaqo, esiza umoya ukuthi ufike ezikhwameni ezincane zomoya (alveoli) ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho.

Kwenzekani ku-bronchi?

Nansi into ebalulekile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemigudu yomoya ukuthwala umoya uwuyise emaphashini nokuthwala umoya uphume emaphashini. Kufana nomgwaqo ovumela izimoto ukuthi zihambe ziye phambili naphambili.

Zicabange uphefumula...

1. Umoya ungena ngomlomo noma ekhaleni bese wehla nge -bronchi .

2. Bese umoya ungena emigwaqweni emibili emikhulu yomoya, kwesokudla nakwesobunxele, eyakhiwa ukuhlukaniswa kwale trachea.

3. La ma-bronchi ahlukana abe amapayipi amancane, futhi ekugcineni, ngamapayipi amancane kakhulu abizwa ngokuthi ama-bronchioles, umoya udlulela kuma -alveoli emaphashini. Yilapho umoya-mpilo ufakwa khona egazini lakho.

Futhi, njengoba umoya-mpilo ungezwa egazini, igesi ye-carbon dioxide engadingeki egazini iphinda imuncwe emasakeni omoya. Uma ukhipha umoya, le gesi ye-carbon dioxide ibuya nge-trachea, i-bronchi, kanye ne-bronchioles bese ikhishwa ngomlomo noma ekhaleni lakho.

Okubalulekile: Ingaphakathi lendlela yomoya ligcwele into ebizwa ngokuthi i-mucus . Le mucus imanzisa umoya ongena futhi ubambe izinto eziyingozi njengamagciwane nothuli emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezakhiwo ezincane ezifana nezinwele ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cilia ngaphakathi kwendlela yomoya. Lezi zisebenza njengemishanelo futhi zisunduza amagciwane avalelekile kanye nothuli emuva komphimbo. Yilapho-ke sikhwehlela noma sithimula khona bese ziphuma. Akuyona yini indlela yokuzivikela emangalisayo?

Ikuphi i-bronchi?

I-trachea yakho itholakala esifubeni sakho, ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho, avikelwe yizimbambo zakho. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lawa ngamapayipi aku-trachea yakho (Ama-bronchi axhunywe engxenyeni engezansi yamaphaphu. Aqala njengamapayipi amakhulu, kancane kancane ahlukana abe amagatsha amancane, bese ekugcineni ahluma abe ama-bronchioles amancane kakhulu.

Yiziphi izingxenye ze-bronchi?

Indlela yokuphefumula ayiyona inethiwekhi eyodwa yamapayipi. Angahlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, njengomgwaqo ohlukaniswe waba imigwaqo emikhulu kanye nemigwaqo eseceleni.

• I-Bronchi Eyinhloko/Eyinhloko: Lezi yi-bronchi ezimbili zokuqala ezinkulu – i-bronchi yesokudla neyakwesobunxele. Lezi yizo ezixhuma ngqo ku-trachea (i-bronchi ). Lezi zingxenye ezibanzi kakhulu ze-bronchi.
• I-Secondary/Lobular Bronchi: Lawa ngamapayipi ahlukana ne-bronchi eyinhloko bese eya kuma- lobes ahlukene amaphaphu. Ubuwazi ukuthi iphaphu langakwesokudla linama-lobes amathathu kanti iphaphu langakwesokunxele linama-lobes amabili? La ma-bronchi esibili angena kuwo wonke lawo ma-lobes.
• I-Bronchi Esezingeni Eliphezulu/Esengxenyeni: Lawa amapayipi amancane ahlukana abe yizingxenye ezincane ngaphakathi kwama-lobes amaphaphu. Ngemva kwalawa, ama-bronchioles amancane ayaqala.

Cabanga ngakho njengomgwaqo. Kufana nokujika usuka emgwaqweni omkhulu (oyinhloko) uye emgwaqweni wesibili (owesibili), bese uya komunye umgwaqo omncane (owesithathu).

Iyini isakhiwo se-bronchi?

Imigudu yomoya yakhiwe ngemisipha ebushelelezi kanye nezicubu eziqinile ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cartilage ezizungezile. Le cartilage inikeza imigudu yomoya amandla amahle futhi ivimbele ukuthi ingawi njengoba umoya udlula. Imigudu yomoya eyinhloko inezindandatho ze-cartilage . Kodwa-ke, njengoba imigudu yomoya yesibili neyesithathu imincane, inama -patches e-cartilage kuphela. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lawa ane -mucus membranes kanye ne-cilia ngaphakathi.

Lonke lolu hlelo lwe-trachea, i-bronchi, kanye ne-bronchioles lubizwa ngokuthi umuthi we-tracheobronchial , okusho ukuthi "umuthi we-tracheobronchial." Ngoba lubukeka njengomuthi obheke phansi. I-trachea ifana nesiqu somuthi, kanti i-bronchi ifana namagatsha.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-bronchi?

Ngeshwa, umgudu wethu wokuphefumula ungadala nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezinye zalezi.

• Isifuba somoya: Lesi yisimo lapho imigudu yomoya ihlala ivuvukala, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Kulesi simo, imigudu yomoya iba nkulu, yonakale, bese yakha amasaka aqoqa amafinyila.
• I-Bronchitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya. Lokhu kungaba okwesikhashana (okubukhali) noma isikhathi eside (okungapheli).
• I-Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Lena inkinga yokuphefumula engenzeka ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Iyenzeka uma amaphaphu engakhuli kahle.
• Isifo Sokuvinjelwa Kwamaphaphu Esingapheli (i-COPD): Leli yiqembu lezifo ezivuvukalayo ezithinta amaphaphu, zivale imigudu yomoya futhi zenze kube nzima ukuphefumula.
• I-Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Lesi yisifo esibangelwa izakhi zofuzo esibangela ukwakheka kolwelwesi olujiyile nolunamathelayo emigudwini yomoya.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezinkinga zokuphefumula?

Uma kunenkinga ngemigudu yakho yomoya, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhwehlela (kungaba ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (njengokuphelelwa umoya)
• Ukuphefumula
• Ukopha nge-mucus
• Ukuqina kwesifuba, umuzwa wokuncishiswa
• Ukukhathala okuvamile
• Izifo zokuphefumula ezivame ukwenzeka (isb. i-pneumonia, i-bronchitis)

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezihlola impilo ye-bronchi?

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela angase akucele ukuthi uhlole impilo yemigudu yakho yomoya namaphaphu.

• I-Spirometry: Lokhu ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu okuvamile. Kukala ukuthi ungabamba umoya ongakanani emaphashini akho nokuthi ungaphefumula ngokushesha kangakanani.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane eligobekayo (elifakwe ikhamera) ngomlomo noma ekhaleni ukuze abheke ngaphakathi kwemigudu yomoya.
• I-CT Scan: Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola olusebenzisa amakhompyutha akhethekile kanye ne-X-ray ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane zamaphaphu.
• I-Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS): Lokhu kufana ne -bronchoscopy , kodwa isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-ultrasound ukusiza ukuthola ukuvuvukala noma umdlavuza emigudwini yomoya.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Nitric Oxide Ephumayo: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi ukhipha i-nitric oxide engakanani. Lokhu kungatshela odokotela ukuthi unokuvuvukala yini emigudwini yakho yomoya.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo ezithinta i-bronchi?

Izindlela zokwelapha zincike esimweni esithinta imigudu yakho yomoya. Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:

• Imithi Ephefumulwayo: Imithi efana nama-bronchodilator nama -steroid inciphisa ukuvuvukala emigudwini yomoya, iyenze ivuleke futhi yenze kube lula ukuphefumula. Le mithi inganikezwa nge -inhaler noma i-nebulizer.Ungayifaka kuketshezi bese uyivumela ukuthi ishise.
• Ukwelashwa Nge-Oxygen: Uma ungatholi i-oxygen eyanele, kungadingeka ukuthi unikezwe i-oxygen evela ngaphandle.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwezinhlungu Zamaphaphu: Lolu uhlelo lokuzivocavoca kanye nokufundisa olusiza ukuqinisa amaphaphu nokuphatha izifo zamaphaphu.
• Imithi Yomlomo: Imithi efana nama-steroid noma ama-antibiotic ingase inqunywe ukuba ithathwe nsuku zonke noma lapho kuvela ukutheleleka noma isifo siba sibi kakhulu.
• Ukwelashwa Okuhle Kokucindezela Komoya: Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi usebenzise umshini we-CPAP noma we-BiPAP® . Lokhu kusiza ukugcina izindlela zakho zomoya zivulekile.

Ngingayigcina kanjani i-bronchi yami iphilile?

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze ugcine lonke uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula, hhayi nje izindlela zakho zokuphefumula, luphilile:

• Gwema ukubhema nokubhema ugwayi. Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
• Gwema ukuhogela intuthu yomuntu obhemayo.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lihlanzekile futhi ushintshe izihlungi zomoya njalo.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo ukuze uqinise inhliziyo namaphaphu akho.
• Nciphisa ukuchayeka ekungcoleni komoya ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Uma uvame ukuchayeka othulini, ezintweni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba, noma entuthwini yamakhemikhali, sebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela njengemaski yobuso.
• Ukuze uzivikele ezifweni zokuphefumula, geza izandla zakho njalo, gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi ngesikhathi somkhuhlane, futhi uthole imijovo enconywayo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ukhwehlela njalo noma uzizwa sengathi unenkinga yokuphefumula, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela.

Futhi, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo zokucindezeleka kokuphefumula , kufanele ushayele ucingo ngokushesha ku-1990 noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze:

• Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ompunga, noma okhanyayo wezindebe, isikhumba, noma izinzipho (i-Cyanosis)
• Ukuhoxa Kwesifuba (uzizwa sengathi isifuba sakho siyacwila lapho uphefumula)
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile
• Ukuvuvukala kwamakhala (ngenxa yobunzima bokuphefumula)
• Ukujuluka ngaphandle kokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa komzimba
• Ukuphefumula

Khumbula: Imigudu yakho yomoya inomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wokuthwala umoya uwuyise emaphashini akho. Umzimba wakho usebenzisa lo moya ukuthola umoya-mpilo owudingayo ukuze uphile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imigudu yakho yomoya imanzisa umoya, ikuvikele emagciwaneni nakwezinye izinto ezingakulimaza.

Ekugcineni, khumbula lokhu.

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi i-bronchi ibaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni wethu. Uma yonakele noma ivuvukele, izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis kanye ne-COPD zingavela. Ngakho-ke, ukuze ugcine i-bronchi yakho iphilile, gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele futhi ungahogeli noma yini eyingozi emaphashini akho. Nakekela ukuphefumula kwakho! Ngoba ukuphefumula okunempilo kuyisihluthulelo sempilo enempilo.

Umphimbo , amaphaphu, ukuphefumula, uhlelo lokuphefumula, i-asthma, i-bronchitis, amaphaphu anempilo