Ingabe kufanele nje sazi konke ngenhliziyo yethu?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi lesi sitho esincane emzimbeni wethu, esilingana nesandla, sisebenza kangakanani? Inhliziyo ingumshini omangalisayo ngempela, osebenza njalo. Ungamangala ukuzwa ukuthi izimpilo zethu zincike kulesi sitho esincane. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngenhliziyo, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani ezifweni zenhliziyo ngendlela elula neqondakalayo.

Iyini inhliziyo futhi yenzani emizimbeni yethu?

Kalula nje, inhliziyo iyisitho esinemisipha esipompa igazi emzimbeni wethu wonke. Ifana nephampu yamanzi epompa amanzi. Lesi isitho esiyinhloko sohlelo lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi.

Cabanga nje, kunamakamelo amane amancane ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yethu, okungukuthi, amakamelo amane . Igazi lingena kula magumbi lihlale isikhashana, bese liya kolunye uhlangothi. Inhliziyo ayishayi nje kuphela, ithola izimpawu ezivela kuma-electron impulses . Konke lokhu kulawulwa ubuchopho bethu kanye nesimiso sezinzwa.

Ngakho-ke umsebenzi oyinhloko wenhliziyo ukusabalalisa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Yileli gazi lapho wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu ethola khona umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezidingayo. Futhi, igazi elidlula enhliziyweni lithwala nemikhiqizo engcolile efana ne-carbon dioxide ekhiqizwa emaseli bese iyiletha kwezinye izitho lapho ingasuswa khona .

Akukhona lokho kuphela, inhliziyo yenza eminye imisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:

• Ilawula ijubane kanye nesigqi sokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu.
• Kusiza ukugcina umfutho wegazi wethu usezingeni elifanele.

Inhliziyo ayiwenzi lo msebenzi yodwa. Isebenza ngokubambisana nezinhlelo ezimbili ezibizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa kanye nohlelo lwe-endocrine.

• Isimiso sezinzwa: Lolu hlelo luthumela izimpawu zokunciphisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu lapho silele nokwandisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu lapho sikhathazekile noma sesaba.
• Uhlelo lwe-endocrine: Lolu hlelo lukhipha amakhemikhali abizwa ngokuthi ama-hormone . Lawa ma-hormone abangela ukuthi imithambo yegazi yethu inciphe noma ivuleke. Yilokhu okushintsha umfutho wegazi. Isibonelo, ama-hormone avela endlaleni ye-thyroid entanyeni yethu angakhuphula noma anciphise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu.

Izingxenye zenhliziyo zifana nezingxenye zendlu!

Yebo, ake sithi inhliziyo yethu iyindlu encane. Njengaleyo ndlu, inhliziyo nayo inezingxenye ezahlukene.

• Izindonga: Njengezindonga zendlu.
• Amakamelo: Njengamakamelo endlini.
• Amavalvu: Njengeminyango yamakamelo, angavuleka futhi avale.
• Imithambo yegazi: Njengesistimu yamapayipi amanzi endlini.
• Uhlelo lokuhambisa ugesi: Njengohlelo lokuxhuma ugesi oluhlinzeka ngogesi ekhaya.

Ingabe kufanele sibheke ngayinye yalezi zingxenye ngemininingwane eyengeziwe?

Izindonga zenhliziyo

Izindonga zenhliziyo zakhiwe yimisipha. Lezi yizo ezipompa igazi ngokufinyela nokukhula. Izinhlangothi zenhliziyo zesokudla nesobunxele zihlukaniswe yizicubu zemisipha ezibizwa ngokuthi i-septum .

Udonga lwenhliziyo lwakhiwe ngezendlalelo ezintathu:

• I-Endocardium: Ingqimba engaphakathi kakhulu.
• I-Myocardium: Ungqimba olujiyile nolunemisipha phakathi nendawo. Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko wenhliziyo wokupompa.
• I-Epicardium: Ingqimba evikelayo engaphandle.

Le epicardium iwungqimba olulodwa lwesikhwama esivikela inhliziyo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pericardium . I-pericardium ikhipha uketshezi, njengamafutha, ukuze kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana phakathi kwenhliziyo nezinye izitho zomzimba.

Amakamelo enhliziyo

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, inhliziyo inezindawo ezine eziyinhloko. Ezimbili phezulu, ezimbili phansi, kanye neyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye.

• I-atrium yangakwesokudla: Imithambo emibili emikhulu - i-vena cava ephezulu ( ethwala igazi lisuka engxenyeni engenhla yenhliziyo) kanye ne-vena cava ephansi ( ethwala igazi lisuka engxenyeni engezansi yenhliziyo) - ithwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liyise kule atrium yangakwesokudla. I-atrium yangakwesokudla bese ipompa leli gazi liye kwi-ventricle yangakwesokudla.
• I-ventricle yesokudla: Leli gumbi elingezansi kwesokudla liphampa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liye emaphashini ngomthambo wamaphaphu . Kusemaphashini lapho umoya-mpilo ufakwa khona kabusha egazini.
• I-atrium yangakwesobunxele: Igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela emaphashini lingena kwi-atrium yangakwesobunxele ngemithambo yamaphaphu . Lokhu kupompa igazi lisuka kwi-ventricle engaphezulu kwesobunxele liye kwi-ventricle yangakwesobunxele.
• I-ventricle yesobunxele: I-ventricle yesobunxele inkulu kancane kune-ventricle yesokudla futhi inezindonga ezijiyile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ipompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Idinga amandla amaningi.

Ama-valve enhliziyo

Amavalvu enhliziyweni afana neminyango. Atholakala phakathi kwamakamelo. Ayavuleka futhi avalwe ukuze igazi ligeleze ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wala mavalvu ukuvimba igazi ukuthi ligeleze libuyele ohlangothini olungafanele.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-valve:

Ama-valve e-Atrioventricular (ama-AV valves)

Lezi zitholakala phakathi kwe-atrium ephezulu kanye ne-ventricle engezansi.

• I-valve ye-Tricuspid: I-valve ephakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesokudla ne-ventricle yangakwesokudla.
• I-valve ye-mitral: Umnyango ophakathi kwe-atrium yangakwesobunxele kanye ne-ventricle yangakwesobunxele.

Amavalvu e-semilunar (amavalvu e-SL)

Lokhu kuyavuleka lapho igazi liphuma emaseli.

• I-valve ye-aortic: Iyavuleka njengoba igazi ligeleza lisuka kwi-ventricle yesobunxele liye kwi-aorta (umthambo oyinhloko othwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo liye kuwo wonke umzimba).
• Ivalvu yamaphaphu: Ivuleka lapho igazi elivela e-ventricle yesokudla lingena emthanjeni wamaphaphu (uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lomthambo othwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo emaphashini).

Imithambo yegazi

Inhliziyo ipompa igazi ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemithambo yegazi:

• Imithambo yegazi: Le mithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye ezicutshini zomzimba. Okuwukuphela kwento ehlukile yimithambo yegazi yamaphaphu, ethwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo liye emaphashini.
• Imithambo: Buyisela igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo emzimbeni enhliziyweni.
• Ama-capillary: Imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo kanye nokushintshana kwegazi okungenawo umoya-mpilo ngalezi zinhlayiya.

Imithambo yenhliziyo

Inhliziyo nayo idinga ukondliwa. Ngakho-ke kukhona uhlelo olukhethekile lwemithambo yegazi enikeza igazi enhliziyweni. Le mithambo yegazi ibizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi yenhliziyo . Le mithambo yegazi igijima ebusweni benhliziyo.

• Umthambo wenhliziyo ongakwesobunxele: Lo mthambo wenhliziyo ohlukana ube amagatsha amabili - umthambo we-circumflex ( ohlinzeka ngegazi ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele kanye nezinhlangothi kanye nangemuva kwe-ventricle yangakwesobunxele) kanye nomthambo wenhliziyo ophansi ophansi (i-LAD) (ohlinzeka ngegazi ngaphambili nangaphansi kwe-ventricle yangakwesobunxele naphambi kwe-septum).
• Umthambo wenhliziyo ongakwesokudla (RCA): Uhlinzeka ngegazi ku-atrium efanele, i-ventricle efanele, ingxenye engezansi ye-ventricle yesobunxele, kanye nangemuva kwe-septum.

Uhlelo lokuhambisa ugesi lwenhliziyo

Lokhu kufana nezintambo zikagesi endlini. Isigqi kanye nesivinini sokushaya kwenhliziyo kulawulwa yilolu hlelo. Izimpawu ziqala phezulu kwenhliziyo bese zehla.

• I-Sinoatrial node (i-SA node): Yilapho isignali eya enhliziyweni yokushaya iqala khona. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-pacemaker yemvelo" yenhliziyo.
• I-node ye-atrioventricular (i-AV node): Iqhuba izimpawu zikagesi ezivela emakamelweni aphezulu enhliziyo ziye emakamelweni aphansi.
• Igatsha le-bundle lesobunxele: Lithumela ama-pulse kagesi ku-ventricle yesobunxele.
• Igatsha lesikhwama sokudla: Lithumela ama-pulse kagesi ku-ventricle efanele.
• Inqwaba Yakhe: Ithumela ama-impulse kusuka ku-node ye-AV kuya kuma-fiber e-Purkinje.
• Imicu yePurkinje: Le micu isiza amangqamuzana enhliziyo ukuthi afinyele futhi akhiphe igazi.

Ikuphi inhliziyo? Ibukeka kanjani? Ingakanani? Ingakanani?

Inhliziyo yakho itholakala ngaphambili kwesifuba sakho. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, itholakala phakathi kwesifuba sakho, ngemuva nje kwethambo lesifuba, noma i-sternum , nangakwesobunxele.

Lokho kusho ukuthi inhliziyo ayikho ngokuphelele ohlangothini lwesobunxele, kodwa ikwesobunxele kancane. Phakathi kwamaphaphu angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele. Iphaphu lesobunxele lincane kancane kunelangakwesokudla, ukuze likwazi ukuthwala leyo nhliziyo. Inhliziyo ivikelwe yizimbambo zethu.

Uma ubheka ngaphandle, inhliziyo ifanaIbukeka njengephiramidi ephendukezelwe, kodwa inamakhona ayindilinga kancane. Imithambo yegazi emikhulu ingena futhi iphume enhliziyweni, ilethe igazi bese ilithatha. Le mithambo ixhumanisa inhliziyo nomzimba wonke.

Usayizi wenhliziyo yomuntu wonke uhlukile kancane. Inhliziyo yakho ivame ukuba cishe ngobukhulu besibhakela sakho. Inhliziyo yomuntu omdala inesisindo esingama-ounces ayi-10 (cishe amagremu angu-280). Lesi sisindo singahluka kuye ngobukhulu bomzimba wakho kanye nobulili.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta inhliziyo?

Ngokudabukisayo, isifo senhliziyo siyinto evamile kakhulu emhlabeni. Siyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa emazweni afana ne-United States.

Nazi ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezivamile ezingathinta inhliziyo:

• I-Arrhythmia: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kakhulu, okuhamba kancane kakhulu, noma okungajwayelekile.
• I-Cardiomyopathy: Ukuqina okungajwayelekile, ukukhulisa, noma ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo.
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana: Inhliziyo iba lukhuni noma ibe buthaka kangangokuthi ayikwazi ukupompa igazi kahle.
• Isifo semithambo yenhliziyo: Ama-fat deposits (i-plaque) anqwabelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yenhliziyo, okwenza kube nzima ukuwacubungula.
• Isifo Sikashukela: Amazinga aphezulu kashukela egazini. Lokhu kungathinta nenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo / Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yenhliziyo ngokuzumayo, okubangela ukuba ingxenye yemisipha yenhliziyo ilahlekelwe umoya-mpilo.
• Isifo se-valve yenhliziyo: I-valve yenhliziyo engasebenzi kahle.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu: Umfutho wegazi ophakeme okhishwa yizindonga zemithambo yegazi.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Ukwanda kwenani lamafutha egazini.
• I-Pericarditis: Ukuvuvukala kwe-pericardium, isikhwama esizungeze inhliziyo.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zesifo senhliziyo?

Uma unezimpawu ezinjalo, kufanele ukhathazeke:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kuwumuzwa wokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma umsindo oshaya ngamandla esifubeni.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala).
• Ukuvuvukala komzimba ongezansi, ikakhulukazi imilenze.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile okuhlola impilo yenhliziyo yakho

Odokotela benza izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuhlola impilo yenhliziyo:

• Ukulinganiswa komfutho wegazi `(Ukulinganiswa komfutho wegazi)` .
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG noma i-ECG): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: Isebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuthatha izithombe zenhliziyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Ihlola isimo senhliziyo namaphaphu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol kanye namazinga kashukela.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwenhliziyo: Ipayipi elincane lidluliselwa emthanjeni wegazi liye enhliziyweni ukuze lihlolwe.
• I-computed tomography (i-CT scan): Ithatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zenhliziyo.
• I-MRI Yenhliziyo (i-magnetic resonance imaging): Izithombe zenhliziyo zithathwa kusetshenziswa insimu yamagnetic.
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zesifo senhliziyo?

Odokotela belapha umuntu onesifo senhliziyo ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• Imithi: Ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi nokuvimba ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ukushintsha imikhuba yansuku zonke: izinto ezifana nokuthi udlani futhi uphuzani, ukuthi uvivinya umzimba kangakanani.
• Amadivayisi ezokwelapha: Ukufaka amadivayisi anjenge- pacemaker enhliziyweni.
• Izinqubo: Izinto ezifana nokususwa kwe-catheter ( kwezinhliziyo ezingavamile) noma i-angioplasty (ukwandisa imithambo yegazi emincane).
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu njengokuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve .

Ngingayigcina kanjani inhliziyo yami iphilile?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma unesifo senhliziyo, udinga ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa olunikezwa udokotela wakho ngqo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza imithi yakho ngesikhathi esifanele nangenani elifanele.

Futhi, kunezinguquko eziningana zendlela yokuphila ongazenza ukuze ugcine inhliziyo yakho iphilile:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, noma uyeke ngokuphelele.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Yidla izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele okwengeziwe.
• Vivinya umzimba okungenani imizuzu eyi-150 ngesonto. Lokhu kungaba ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda.
• Nciphisa inani likasawoti owufaka ekudleni kwakho.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Sebenzisa izindlela ezinempilo njengokuzindla nokubhala phansi.
• Uma ubhema, yeka. Gwema ukusebenzisa ugwayi neminye imikhiqizo kagwayi. Gwema ukuba seduze nabantu ababhemayo (intuthu ebhemayo). Uma ubhema, cela usizo kudokotela wakho lokuyeka.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto okufanele uzibuze udokotela wakho ngenhliziyo yakho?

Uma uya kudokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ukuba nesifo senhliziyo emndenini wami kuyithinta kanjani impilo yenhliziyo yami?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngehlise umfutho wegazi lami?
• Izinga lami le-cholesterol liyithinta kanjani inhliziyo yami?
• Ziyini izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo?
• Hlobo luni lokudla okufanele ngiludle ukuze ngivimbele izifo zenhliziyo?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule

Njengesitho esiyinhloko sohlelo lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi, inhliziyo yiyona esigcina siphila. Ipompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba, ilethe umoya-mpilo emaseli nasezicutshini zethu. Ngenxa yokuthi inhliziyo yenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, kubalulekile ukuyinakekela. Izimo zenhliziyo zivame kakhulu, kodwa ungenza izinguquko ukusiza ukugcina inhliziyo yakho iphilile. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani impilo yenhliziyo yakho.