Izivikeli ezincane zomzimba wethu: Konke mayelana namaseli amhlophe egazi!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kukhona yini ibutho elincane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, njengeqembu labantu abasivikela ezinsongweni ezingabonakali? Yebo, kuyiqiniso. Leli butho lisivikela ezifweni namagciwane ahlukahlukene angena emizimbeni yethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalaba baqaphi abancane, kodwa ababaluleke kakhulu, bemizimba yethu. Bangamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, abanye bawabiza nangokuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi.

Ayini Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe?

Kalula nje, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, aziwa nangokuthi "ama-leukocyte" ngodokotela, afana nonogada abakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Njengoba nje kukhona ibutho lokuvikela izwe, kukhona amandla akhethekile okuvikela leli lizwe elimangalisayo elibizwa ngokuthi umzimba wethu. Lawa mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ayingxenye enkulu yalawo mandla. Ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ebalulekile yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela . Lawa mangqamuzana ahlala ehamba emithanjeni yegazi nasezicutshini zethu, njengokungathi aqaphile. Laba bantu bahlala beqaphile noma yikuphi ukulimala, ukutheleleka, noma yini eyingozi emzimbeni.

Kwenzekani emizimbeni yethu ngala maseli amhlophe egazi?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wala maseli amhlophe egazi ukuvikela imizimba yethu ezifweni . Cabanga ukuthi igciwane noma igciwane selingene emzimbeni wakho. Kufana nokuthi isitha sihlasele izwe lakini. Bese kuthi la maseli amhlophe egazi asebenze njengamasosha ebuthweni.

Okokuqala, amanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi athola umhlaseli. Bese, njengabakhuzi, bathumela umlayezo kwamanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, bethi, "Kunenkinga lapha, wozani ngokushesha!" Bese, lonke ibutho lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi lihlangana endaweni yokutheleleka. Liyafika lilwe ukuze libhubhise umhlaseli. Kule mpi, likhiqiza uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheni, olubizwa ngokuthi "i-Antibody". Lo "Antibody" uyahamba azinamathelise kumhlaseli, awukhubaze futhi awubhubhise. Akuyona yini indlela emangalisayo?

Atholakalaphi amaseli amhlophe egazi?

Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi atholakala kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi , okungukuthi, egazini. Kodwa-ke, awagcini nje kuphela ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Uma kudingeka, angangena nasezindongeni zemithambo yegazi futhi angene ezicutshini zomzimba. Njengabaseshi, bathola ukutheleleka ndawana thize bese beya lapho ukuyokwenza umsebenzi wabo.

Abonakala kanjani amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi?

Nakuba zibizwa ngokuthi amangqamuzana egazi "amhlophe", empeleni amangqamuzana angenambala. Kodwa-ke, uma zibhekwa nge-microscope, zibonakala zinombala onsomi-opinki okhanyayo kakhulu uma zipendwe ngodayi abakhethekile. Lawa amangqamuzana amancane kakhulu avame ukuba yindilinga futhi ane-membrane ephakathi ecacile, noma i-nucleus, phakathi.

Zingakanani lezi?

Amaseli amhlophe egazi ayizinto ezincane kakhulu ezingenakubonwa ngeso lenyama . Angabonakala kuphela nge-microscope. Mancane kakhulu.

Mangaki amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi esinawo emizimbeni yethu?

Amaseli amhlophe egazi akha cishe u-1% womthamo wegazi lethu lonke.. Amaseli abomvu egazi yiwona amaningi kakhulu egazini lethu. Kodwa noma ngabe lokhu kuyi-1%, insizakalo ayinikezayo ukuze siphephe ayinakuqhathaniswa. Ungamangala ukuzwa ukuthi imizimba yethu ikhiqiza amaseli amhlophe egazi angaba yizigidigidi eziyi-100 ngosuku!

Akhiwa kanjani amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi?

Amaseli egazi amhlophe enziwa ezicutshini ezithambile ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu, okuthiwa umnkantsha . Akuyona indawo enhle yini? Uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli kulo mnkantsha, esiwubiza ngokuthi amaseli okuqala, yilona olushintshashintshayo lube yilawa maseli egazi amhlophe.

Futhi, izinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli amhlophe egazi, abizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte, akhula endlaleni ye-thymus esifubeni esingaphezulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-lymphocyte, njengamaseli e-T, zikhula kuma-lymph node kanye ne-spleen.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamaseli amhlophe egazi ezikhona?

Njengoba nje kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamasosha emabuthweni ethu okuphepha, amaseli amhlophe egazi ahlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othize.

Cabanga nje, lokhu kufana nebutho elinamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, izikhali zempi, kanye namabutho akhethekile. Wonke umuntu usebenza ndawonye ukuze anqobe impi.

Nazi lezo zinhlobo:

• Ama-neutrophils: Lawa yiwo asiza ekubulaleni abahlaseli njengamabhaktheriya nesikhunta angena emizimbeni yethu, futhi asuse nemikhiqizo engcolile ezweni langaphandle. Njengamasosha asemigqeni engaphambili.
• Ama-lymphocyte: Leli qembu lihlanganisa ama-T cell, ama-B cell, nama-natural killer cell. Yiwo asivikela kakhulu ekuthelelekeni ngamagciwane futhi enza amaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili.
• Ama-Eosinophil: Lawa asiza ekuboneni nasekubhubhiseni izimuncagazi (isib. izikelemu), abhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza, futhi asebenzisana nama-Basophil uma kwenzeka kuba nokungezwani komzimba.
• Ama-Basophil: Lawa yiwo abangela ukusabela okufana nokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, kanye nekhala eligobhozayo uma une-allergy. Empeleni yindlela yokuzivikela yomzimba.
• Ama-monocyte: Lawa afana neqembu lokuhlanza. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, asiza ekuhlanzeni indawo ngokususa amaseli alimele nafile.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezivamile ezihambisana namaseli amhlophe egazi?

Ngezinye izikhathi inani lamaseli ethu amhlophe egazi lingaba phansi noma liphezulu. Kokubili kungaba yinkinga.

• Uma inani lamangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi lincipha (i-Leukopenia): Uma inani lamangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi lincipha, okubizwa ngokuthi "i-Leukopenia," cishe uzothola izifo kaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izivikelo zomzimba wakho zibuthakathaka.
• Uma inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi likhuphuka (i-Leukocytosis):Futhi, ukwanda ngokweqile kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi, okwaziwa ngokuthi "i-Leukocytosis," akukuhle. Kusho ukuthi kungase kube nokutheleleka endaweni ethile emzimbeni, noma isimo sezokwelapha njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma, noma uhlobo oluthile lwenkinga ngesistimu yomzimba yokuzivikela.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inani lamaseli akho amhlophe liphansi noma liphezulu, ungase ube nezimpawu ezivamile. Kodwa khumbula, ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unenkinga enkulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela bese uhlolwa.

• Umkhuhlane ovamile, izinhlungu zomzimba, kanye nokuzizwa ubanda.
• Uma kuvela inxeba, liba bomvu, livuvuke, likhiphe ubomvu, noma lingapholi ngokushesha.
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile (isib., ukutheleleka komphimbo, ukutheleleka kwesikhumba).
• Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Iyini inani elijwayelekile lamaseli amhlophe egazi?

Ngokuvamile, umzimba womuntu ophilile ukhiqiza amaseli amhlophe egazi angaba yizigidigidi eziyi-100 ngosuku. Uma senza ukuhlolwa kwegazi, silinganisa inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Kumuntu omdala onempilo, leli nani kufanele libe phakathi kwamaseli angu-4,000 no-11,000 nge-microliter ngayinye . Lokhu kungahluka kancane kuye ngezici ezifana nobudala nobulili.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi?

Kunezivivinyo ezimbili eziyinhloko.

1. Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lolu vivinyo oluvame ukwenziwa kakhulu. Lunganikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana namaseli amhlophe egazi kuphela, kodwa futhi namanye amaseli egazini, njengamaseli abomvu egazi nama-platelet, kusukela kusampula yegazi lakho.

2. Ukuskena kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Kwenziwa ukuthola ukutheleleka noma ithumba elifihliwe ndawana thize ezicutshini zomzimba ezithambile. Okwenziwa lapha ukuthi, kuthathwe igazi elincane kuwe, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ahlukaniswe nalo, bese kufakwa into enemisebe kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokho, lawo mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma ulibheka ngekhamera ekhethekile, into enemisebe yenza ukutheleleka kubonakale ngokucacile.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokubalwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi okuphansi?

Sibiza inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi elingaphansi kuka-4,000 ``Leukopenia.`` Lokhu kungabangelwa yizizathu eziningana.

• Ukwehluleka kwe-bone marrow (isb., izimo ezifana ne-aplastic anemia).
• Amaseli omdlavuza ahlasela umongo wamathambo (isib. i-leukemia).
• Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza.
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini athile, njenge-vitamin B12.
• Izifo ezinciphisa amasosha omzimba, njenge-HIV/AIDS.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokwanda kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi?

Inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi angaphezu kuka-11,000 libizwa ngokuthi ``i-Leukocytosis.`` Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningana.

• Izinkinga ze-Autoimmune (isb., i-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis).
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane (isb. `(i-Mononucleosis)`).
• Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane (isb., ukutheleleka okukhulu njenge-sepsis).
• Ukulimala ngokomzimba noma ukucindezeleka kwengqondo okukhulu.
• Umdlavuza ofana ne-leukemia noma isifo sikaHodgkin.
• Ukungezwani komzimba.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zamaseli amhlophe egazi?

Izinketho zokwelapha zincike ohlotsheni lwesimo nokuthi sibi kangakanani. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zifaka:

• Ukuhlinzeka ngamavithamini (uma kukhona ukuntuleka).
• Ukunikeza ama-antibiotic (uma kuyisifo esibangelwa amagciwane).
• Ukuhlinzwa kokufakelwa noma ukulungisa umongo wethambo (kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu).
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Ukufakelwa kweseli lesiqu.

Ngingawagcina kanjani amangqamuzana ami amhlophe egazi ephilile?

Kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sinakekele kahle laba baqaphi abancane emizimbeni yethu.

• Ukuzijwayeza imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka: Izinto ezifana nokugeza izandla zakho njalo nokudla ukudla okuhlanzekile kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
• Ukuthatha amavithamini aqinisa amasosha omzimba: Yidla ukudla okunempilo, bese uthatha amavithamini angeziwe njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela uma kudingeka.
• Ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Ezinye izifo zingathinta amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi njengomphumela ongemuhle. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele kwezimo eziyisisekelo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi afana nomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela emzimbeni wethu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulimala noma ukugula, lawa angawokuqala ukulwa. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wethu wokugcina lawa maseli ephilile. Ungagcina amasosha akho omzimba eqinile ngokugcina inhlanzeko enhle, ukudla ukudla okunempilo, kanye nokuthatha amavithamini uma kudingeka.

Uma unemfiva evame ukwenzeka, ukubanda, izifo ezivame ukwenzeka, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, noma ubunzima bokuphefumula, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela ukuze ahlole inani lamaseli akho amhlophe egazi. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone lesi simo ngaphambi kokuba sibe inkinga enkulu. Ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle zazo zonke lezi zinto!

Amaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-leukocyte, amasosha omzimba, izifo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, impilo, impilo yomzimba