Uma nje usola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-autism, kubalulekile ukuyihlola. Ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni, ngakho-ke ake sifunde ngezindlela zokusiza ingane yakho ngokushesha. Uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, umphumela uba ngcono. Kodwa akukaze kube sekwephuzile. Okusebenza kwengane eyodwa kungase kungasebenzeli enye. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngamunye ngamunye.
Ingabe ukudlala kuyamsiza umntwana? (Play Therapy)
Izingane ezine-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) zivame ukudlala ngendlela ehlukile kunezinye izingane. Isibonelo, uma uzinika imoto yokudlala, esikhundleni sokuyisunduza, zingase zibheke amasondo bese ziyijikelezisa. Futhi azenzi "ukudlala sengathi" okuningi njengezinye izingane, njengokupha unodoli ukudla noma ukwenza itiye. Zingase zingabi namathuba amaningi okudlala nabanye.
Kodwa, kulaba bantwana, ukudlala kuyindlela yokuveza imicabango nemizwa yabo. Amathoyizi nezenzo zabo ziba ngamazwi abo. Ngakho-ke, sisebenzisa lo mdlalo, singabafundisa izinto ezintsha ngendlela abayiqondayo futhi sibasize baxhumane nabanye. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-Play Therapy .
Ukwelapha ngokudlala kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono engane okuxhumana nabantu kanye nangokomzwelo, kumfundise ukucabanga ngendlela ehlukile, futhi kwandise amakhono olimi nokuxhumana.
Kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zokwelapha i-Play Therapy:
- Isikhathi sokulala phansi: Lokhu kuhilela umelaphi, uthisha, noma wena uhleli phansi nengane futhi nidlala ngendlela efanayo nengane edlala ngayo. Bese, kancane kancane wengeza into entsha emdlalweni (njengelinye ithoyizi noma igama). Umgomo lapha ukwakha ukuxhumana okubili phakathi kwengane nawe.
- Amaqembu Okudlala Ahlanganisiwe (ama-IPG): Yilapho izingane ezine-autism kanye nezingane ezingenayo i-autism zihlanganiswa khona ukuze zakhe amaqembu okudlala. Lokhu kunikeza izingane ezine-autism ithuba lokufunda ukudlala ngokubuka nokulingisa ezinye izingane.
- I-JASPER (Ukuzibandakanya Nokulawulwa Kokudlala Okufanayo): Le ndlela isiza ingane ukuthi izijwayeze ukunaka ithoyizi nomuntu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lapho lokhu 'kunaka okuhlangene' kukhula, kuba lula ukudlala nezinye izingane.
Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi ukusiza ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe lula
Ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi, noma njengoba sonke sikwazi,Ukwelashwa Ngomsebenzi (OT) kuyindlela yokwelapha esiza ingane ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke kanye nemisebenzi yansuku zonke (isib., ukunamathisela izinkinobho zehembe, ukubamba isipuni kahle) ngokuzimela. Lokhu kungabandakanya noma yini kusukela emsebenzini wesikole kuya ekudlaleni. Lokhu kwelashwa kuklanyelwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni nasezinhlosweni zengane.
Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha osebenza emsebenzini usebenza njengeqembu nabazali, othisha, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe. Basiza ekubekeni imigomo ethile yokuxhumana komphakathi kwengane, ukuziphatha kwayo, kanye nemisebenzi yayo ekilasini.
| Izinzuzo Zokwelashwa Kwemisebenzi (OT) | |
|---|---|
| Umsebenzi wansuku zonke | Ukusiza ngezinto ezifana nokuqeqeshwa endlini yangasese, ukugqoka izingubo, kanye nokuxubha amazinyo ngokwakho. |
| Amakhono okunyakaza okuhle | Ukuthuthukisa amakhono adingekayo ukuze kubanjwe futhi kusetshenziswe izinto ezifana namapensela nezikele ngendlela efanele. |
| Amakhono amakhulu okunyakaza komzimba | Ukuthuthukisa amakhono adingekayo okuhamba, ukukhuphuka izitebhisi, ukugibela ibhayisikili, njll. |
| Amakhono okuqonda | Kusiza ekuboneni umehluko phakathi kwemibala, izimo, nosayizi. |
| Amakhono okuxhumana nabantu | Ukusiza ukudlala nabanye, ukwabelana ngemibono, nokwakha ubudlelwano. |
Kalula nje, umgomo ojwayelekile wama-OTs ukusiza ingane ene-autism ukuba izimele ngangokunokwenzeka, kokubili ekhaya nasesikoleni.
Ukwelashwa Kwenkulumo
Izingane ezine-autism zingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu kokubili ekukhulumeni nasekukhulumeni okungenazwi, njengokuxhumana emehlweni kanye nokushukuma kwezandla. Yingakho ukwelashwa ngenkulumo kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelashwa nge-autism .
Izinkinga zokukhuluma ezivamile zibonakala nge-autism
- Angikhulumi nhlobo.
- Ukwenza imisindo engavamile, njengokububula.
- Ukuphinda okushiwoyo (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-Echolalia ).
- Ukukhuluma ngezwi elifana nerobhothi, ngaphandle kwemizwa, noma ngabe amagama nemisho kubizwa kahle.
- Ukungabhekani emehlweni uma bekhuluma.
- Ubunzima bokuqonda isimo sobuso babanye abantu, ithoni yezwi, kanye nolimi lomzimba.
Uchwepheshe Wezenkulumo Nolimi angakusiza ukuthola izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana kwengane yakho. Uma ingane yakho ingakhulumi, ingase iphakamise ezinye izinketho. Isibonelo:
- Ukuzijwayeza ukuveza izidingo usebenzisa amakhadi ezithombe.
- Ukufundisa ulimi lwezandla.
- Ukuzijwayeza ukuxhumana usebenzisa idivayisi kagesi njengethebhulethi.
Lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza ingane ukuthi ifunde ukuphimisela amagama ngendlela efanele, iqale izingxoxo nabanye, iveze imicabango nemizwa yayo, futhi ijabulele ukudlala nabanye. Kungcono ukuqala lokhu kwelashwa kusenesikhathi.
Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha okuhle (Ukuhlaziywa Kokuziphatha Okusetshenzisiwe - ABA)
Le ndlela yokwelapha, ebizwa ngokuthi i-ABA , ihilela ukuhlonza ukuziphatha okuhle kwengane nokuyikhuthaza ukuba yenze okwengeziwe kwayo. Kusetshenziswa imivuzo eyahlukahlukene kulokhu. Le ndlela iyasiza nasekufundeni amakhono amasha. Abazali nabanakekeli nabo baqeqeshwe kulokhu, ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza ingane isiqondiso esidingekayo ekhaya.
Kukhona nezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ABA:
- Ukuqeqeshwa Kokuhlola Okuyimfihlo (i-DTT): Kulokhu, ukuziphatha noma ikhono okudingeka lifundiswe ingane lihlukaniswa libe yizinyathelo ezincane bese lifundiswa ngalinye ngalinye.
- Ukwelashwa Okubalulekile (i-PRT): Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlose izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhula kwengane (isib., ukuzilawula, ukubhekana nezimo zomphakathi).
- Ukungenelela Kokuziphatha Kwamazwi (VBI): Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu ukuthuthukisa amakhono okukhuluma engane.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha eziwusizo
Ngaphezu kwezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezishiwo ngenhla, kunezinye izindlela eziningana.
Ukugibela Ihhashi Okwelaphayo
Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Hippotherapy . Lapha, ingane igibela ihhashi ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezokwelapha. Ingane kufanele ilawule umzimba wayo futhi ilondoloze ibhalansi ngokweminyakazo yehhashi. Lokhu kufana nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi le ndlela ithuthukisa amakhono ezingane okuxhumana nabantu kanye nokukhuluma. Iphinde isize ekunciphiseni ukungaphumuli kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile.
Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo mayelana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu kwelashwa, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma udokotela wezingane mayelana nendlela yokwelapha efaneleka kakhulu esimweni sengane yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Uma ukwelashwa kwe-autism kuqala ngokushesha, imiphumela iba ngcono. Kodwa akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuqala.
- Okusebenza komunye umntwana kungase kungasebenzi komunye, ngakho-ke ingane yakho izodinga uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nayo ngqo.
- Ukwelashwa Kokudlala, Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi (OT), kanye Nokwelashwa Ngenkulumo yizindlela ezintathu zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezisiza kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwengane ene-autism.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-ABA zingaba wusizo kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha okuhle.
- Ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi ukwelashwa, khuluma nodokotela wengane yakho bese ucela isiqondiso sakhe. Hlala unolwazi ngodokotela ngentuthuko yengane yakho.
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