Ake sifunde nje nge-Anterior Pituitary Gland (Adenohypophysis): umbusi omncane ebuchosheni bethu!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ingxenye encane yomzimba wethu yenza umsebenzi ongakanani? Enye indawo emangalisayo yi-anterior pituitary gland esizokhuluma ngayo namuhla. Abanye abantu bayibiza nangokuthi "i-Adenohypophysis". Njengomqhubi we-orchestra, le gland inesibopho sokukhiqiza nokukhulula ama-hormone alawula imisebenzi eminingi ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba.

Ngakho-ke, iyini le ndlala ye-pituitary yangaphambili?

Kalula nje, lena yingxenye engaphambili ye-pituitary gland yakho. I-pituitary gland iyi-gland encane elingana nobhontshisi, etholakala phansi kobuchopho bakho, ngaphansi nje kwe-hypothalamus. Lena yingxenye yesistimu yakho ye-endocrine. Okungukuthi, ingxenye elawula ukusebenza kwezindlala ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni.

Cabanga ukuthi i-pituitary gland yakho inezingxenye ezimbili: i-anterior lobe (leyo yi-anterior pituitary gland esikhuluma ngayo namuhla) kanye ne-posterior lobe. Le-anterior lobe yiyo eyenza ama-hormone ayisithupha (6) bese iwakhipha emzimbeni. Lawa ma-hormone yilokho umzimba wethu okwenzayo:

• Ukukhula (siyakhula)
• I-Metabolism (ukukhiqizwa kwamandla emzimbeni, ukushisa izinto)
• Ukuzala (ikhono lokuba nezingane)
• Ukusabela ekucindezelekeni
• Ukuncelisa (komama)

Izinto eziningi ezibalulekile ziyalawulwa. Ngisho noma emncane, ungumuntu omatasa kakhulu futhi onamandla!

Ngakho-ke, yimaphi ama-hormone athile akhiqizwa yi-anterior pituitary gland?

Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha zama-hormone ayinhloko akha lo mphathi omncane. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini nokuthi enzani.

1. I-Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH): Yilokhu okukhuthaza izindlala zakho ze-adrenal ukuthi zikhiqize i-cortisol, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-stress hormone," kanye namanye ama-hormone. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngezikhathi eziphuthumayo, njengalapho wesaba.

2. I-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Kwabesilisa, ivuselela amasende ukuthi akhiqize isidoda. Kwabesifazane, ivuselela ama-ovari ukuthi avuthwe amaqanda, iwalungiselele ukuvuthwa kwamaqanda, futhi ikhiqize i-estrogen hormone.

3. I-Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Uma ungowesifazane, i-LH ivuselela ama-ovari ukuze akhiqize i-progesterone. Uma ungowesilisa, ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone.

4. I-Human Growth Hormone (HGH): Lokhu kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwezingane ezincane. Kuzisiza zikhule zinde futhi zithuthukise umzimba onemisipha. Kwabantu abadala, kusiza ekugcineni imisipha namathambo aphilile, futhi kuthonya indlela amafutha omzimba agcinwa ngayo.

5. I-Prolactin:Le hormone ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngemva kokuba umama ethole umntwana. Ingathinta nomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, ukuzala (ikhono lokuba nabantwana), kanye nokusebenza kocansi.

6. I-hormone evuselela i-thyroid (TSH): Yilokhu okutshela i-thyroid gland yakho ukuthi yenze futhi ikhulule ama-hormone ayo. Ama-hormone e-thyroid abalulekile ekugcineni izinga lokugaya umzimba emzimbeni wethu.

Uyabona, mingaki imisebenzi ehlukene engenziwa kule ndawo encane!

I-anterior pituitary gland isebenza kanjani nezinye izitho zomzimba?

I-anterior pituitary gland yakho ixhunywe ngqo engxenyeni yobuchopho bakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-hypothalamus. I-hypothalamus ikhipha "ama-hormone akhululayo" kanye "nokuvimbela ama-hormone" njenge-somatostatin kanye ne-dopamine egazini nge-pituitary duct (ingxenye encane efana ne-tube exhumanisa ubuchopho kanye ne-pituitary gland). Lawa ma-hormone akhululayo avuselela noma avimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone yi-anterior pituitary gland. I-hypothalamus kanye ne-anterior pituitary gland kufana nabantu ababili abakhuluma njalo futhi beshintshana ngolwazi.

Ngemva kokukhishwa kwama-hormone endlaleni ye-pituitary yangaphambi kwesikhathi, asebenzisana futhi athinte ezinye izitho eziningi, izindlala, kanye nezicubu emzimbeni wethu. Isibonelo:

• Amathambo ethu, imisipha, nezinye izitho zangaphakathi
• Izindlala Ze-Adrenal
• Indlala Yegilo
• Amaqanda namasende (okungukuthi, izindlala zokuzala)
• Izindlala zebele (izindlala ezikhiqiza ubisi)

Ikuphi ngempela le ndlala ye-anterior pituitary?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, indlala yakho ye-pituitary itholakala phansi kobuchopho bakho, ngemuva kwebhuloho lekhala lakho, ngaphansi nje kwe-"Hypothalamus." Itholakala ekamelweni elincane, noma esikhwameni, ethanjeni elisekhanda lakho elibizwa ngokuthi ithambo le-sphenoid. Odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi "i-Sella Turcica."

Indlala yakho ye-pituitary inama-lobes amabili axhumene. Indlala ye-pituitary yangaphambili itholakala ngaphambili, ibheke ngaphambili kwekhanda lakho. Indlala ye-pituitary engemuva itholakala ngemuva. Kodwa ngokumangazayo, indlala ye-pituitary yangaphambili inkulu kuneyangemuva. Cishe u-80% wesisindo sayo yonke indlala ye-pituitary ikulesi sigaba sangaphambili.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona nge-anterior pituitary gland?

Ngenxa yokuthi le ndlala ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi abalulekile, noma yiziphi izinkinga ngayo zingaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene zempilo. Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. I-Hypopituitarism: Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-pituitary gland ikhiqiza ama-hormone ambalwa kunalokho okudingekayo.

2. I -Hyperpituitarism:Lokho kusho ukuthi indlala ye-pituitary ikhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi kunokudingekile.

Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani lezi zimo ezimbili zivame ukwenzeka:

• Izimila ze-pituitary gland (adenomas): Lezi zivame ukuba izimila ezingezona umdlavuza (ezingenobungozi).
• Ukulimala kwe-anterior pituitary gland, i-hypothalamus, noma i-pituitary duct: Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yengozi, ukutheleleka, noma ukopha (isb., i-pituitary apoplexy).
• Izimo zofuzo: Isibonelo, izimo ezifana nokuthi `(Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia - MEN)`.

Ezinye izimo ezibangelwa 'yi-Hypopituitarism' (ukuntuleka kwama-hormone):

Ukuntuleka kwe-hormone eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kungabangela izimo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal yesibili: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal gland ngenxa yokwehla kwe-ACTH hormone.
• Ukuntuleka Kwama-hormone Okukhula (GHD): Amazinga anciphile e-hormone i-HGH. Ngamafuphi, ukukhula kungaphazamiseka.
• I-Central hypogonadism: Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi avela ezindlaleni zokuzala (ama-ovari noma amasende) ngenxa yokwehla kwamazinga ama-hormone i-FSH kanye/noma i-LH.
• I-Central hypothyroidism: I-Hypothyroidism ebangelwa ukwehla kwe-hormone ye-TSH.

Ezinye izimo ezibangelwa yi-'Hyperpituitarism' (ukwanda kwamazinga ama-hormone):

Ukwanda kwe-hormone eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kungabangela izimo ezifana nalezi:

• I-Acromegaly: Isimo esingavamile esibangelwa yi-HGH eningi kubantu abadala. Kulesi simo, amathambo nezicubu zikhula ngendlela engajwayelekile.
• I-Gigantism: Ingane ende ngokungavamile noma umuntu omdala osemusha othola amazinga aphezulu e-hormone i-HGH. Lokhu nakho akuvamile kakhulu.
• Isifo sikaCushing: Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwehomoni i-ACTH kubangela ukuthi izindlala ze-adrenal zikhiqize i-cortisol eningi. Lolu uhlobo lwesimo olubizwa ngokuthi i-Cushing's syndrome.
• I-Hyperprolactinemia: Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone prolactin.
• I-Central hyperthyroidism: I-thyroid gland esebenza ngokweqile ngenxa yokukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-TSH. Lokhu kuyimbangela engavamile kakhulu ye-hyperthyroidism.

Ake sifunde kancane ngama-Pituitary Adenomas.

I-pituitary adenoma iyisimila esikhula endlaleni yakho ye-pituitary. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, isikhathi esiningi lezi yizimila ezikhula kancane, ezingenawo umdlavuza (ezingenobungozi).

Kodwa-ke, la ma-adenoma angaminyanisa amangqamuzana e-pituitary ajwayelekile futhi awavimbele ukusebenza kahle. Lokhu kungabangela "i-Hypopituitarism" (ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone aphansi), ikakhulukazi uma isimila sikhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, la ma-tumor angakhiqiza nama-hormone engeziwe, angabangela "i-Hyperpituitarism" (ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone aphezulu).

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-adenomas ye-anterior pituitary ekhiqiza ama-hormone (esebenzayo):

• I-Prolactinoma: Ikhiqiza i-hormone ye-prolactin eningi. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-pituitary adenoma.
• I-Somatotroph adenoma: Ikhiqiza i-hormone yokukhula (GH) eningi kakhulu.
• I-Corticotroph adenoma: Ikhiqiza i-ACTH hormone eningi kakhulu.
• I-Thyrotroph adenoma: Ikhiqiza i-TSH hormone eningi kakhulu.
• I-Gonadotroph adenoma: Ikhiqiza ama-hormone e-LH ne-FSH amaningi.

Ingabe kukhona ukuhlolwa okungahlola ukuthi i-anterior pituitary gland yami iphilile yini?

Yebo, uma unezimpawu zenkinga nge-anterior pituitary gland, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuba kuhlolwe amazinga ama-hormone. Lokhu kuvame ukuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi .

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho ikhombisa noma yini engavamile, udokotela wakho angase asikisele okuthile okufana ne-MRI scan ukuze abheke i-pituitary gland yakho.

Ngakho-ke, yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine le ndlala ye-anterior pituitary iphilile?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, awukwazi ukuvimbela lezi zinkinga ze-pituitary gland njalo. Kodwa into eyodwa ebalulekile ongayenza ukunakekela ikhanda lakho. Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (ii-TBI), kungalimaza i-pituitary gland yakho. Uma lokho kwenzeka, ingakhiqiza ama-hormone amaningi kakhulu noma ambalwa kakhulu.

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwekhanda nobuchopho:

• Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo njalo uma ugibele imoto.
• Shayela ngokucophelela.
• Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela ibhayisikili, isithuthuthu, noma udlala imidlalo ethinta kakhulu.
• Thatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuwa, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu yokuwa. Ungenza izinto ezifana nokususa izithiyo ekhaya lakho, usebenzise i-walking aid, futhi ugcine amehlo akho ecacile.
• Uma unezingane ezincane, gcina izindawo zazo zokudlala ziphephile.

Khumbula: I-anterior pituitary gland yakho iyisitho esincane, kodwa esinamandla, nesibalulekile esikhiqiza ama-hormone ahlukahlukene athinta izici eziningi zempilo yethu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, ungabona ukuthi le ndlala ye-pituitary engaphambili ibaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni wethu. Ngenxa yalokho, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukuthola ukuthi izimpawu ezithile zibangelwa yini inkinga ngale ndlala ye-pituitary noma okunye.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma uthola noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha ezingavamile, noma uma ukhathazekile ngesibonakaliso osunaso kakade, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela futhi ukhulume ngaso.Bangenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa ezilula ukuhlola impilo yakho. Uma kunenkinga, ingatholakala futhi yelashwe ngokushesha.

I - pituitary yangaphambili, i-adenohypophysis, ama-hormone, i-pituitary gland, ubuchopho, uhlelo lwe-endocrine, izifo ze-pituitary