Wake wahlolwa igazi ukuze kuhlolwe izinga le-cholesterol yakho? Uma uke wahlolwa, kumelwe ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi umbiko uhlanganisa amagama afana ne-LDL, i-HDL, ne-Triglycerides, kanye nezinhlamvu ze-VLDL. Sivame ukuzwa nge-LDL ne-HDL. Abizwa nangokuthi "i-cholesterol enhle" kanye "ne-cholesterol embi." Kodwa iyini i-VLDL? Leli igama abantu abaningi abangalazi. Ngakho-ke uma udokotela wakho ethi izinga lakho le-VLDL liphezulu embikweni wakho, kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namuhla, kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokuthi iyini i-VLDL, ukuthi ibaluleke kangakanani emzimbeni, nokuthi ingathinta kanjani impilo yethu uma ikhuphuka, nokuthi ungayilawula kanjani.

Kalula nje, iyini i-VLDL?

Incazelo ephelele ye-VLDL ithi “i-Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein”. Kulungile, ukuzwa leli gama kwenze ikhanda lakho ladideka nakakhulu, akunjalo? Ake sikuchaze kalula futhi sikuqonde.

Cabanga ngemithambo yegazi yethu njengemigwaqo. Le migwaqo ithwala izinto eziningi ezidingwa yimizimba yethu, njengezakhamzimba nomoya-mpilo. Okwamanje, amafutha emzimbeni wethu, njenge-cholesterol kanye ne-triglycerides, nawo adinga ukuthuthwa emzimbeni wonke. Kodwa kunenkinga. Lawa mafutha awakwazi ukuntanta egazini ngokwawo, njengoba nje uma ufaka uwoyela emanzini, ayahlukana esikhundleni sokuxuba.

Ngakho-ke, imizimba yethu inesimiso "semoto" esikhethekile sokuthutha la mafutha ngokuphephile emzimbeni wonke. Sibiza lezi zimoto ngokuthi `(Lipoprotein)`. `Lipo` kusho amafutha, `protein` kusho amaprotheni. Lokho kusho ukuthi lezi zimoto zakhiwe ngamafutha namaprotheni.

Uyaqonda manje? I-VLDL iyimoto ekhethekile. Le moto yenziwa yisibindi sethu bese ikhishwa iye egazini. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-VLDL ukuthwala ama-triglycerides kanye ne-cholesterol kusuka esibindini kuya ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba, okungukuthi, ezindaweni lapho kudingeka khona amandla kanye nezindawo lapho kugcinwa khona amandla.

Ngakho-ke i-VLDL ibalulekile ukuze imizimba yethu isebenze. Kodwa njenganoma yini, okuningi kakhulu akukuhle emzimbeni.

Yenziwe ngani inhlayiya ye-VLDL?

Uma sibheka okungaphakathi kwe-VLDL esikhulume ngayo ngaphambilini, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuthi ama-triglycerides. Njengoba nje ibhasi linabagibeli abaningi. Yingakho odokotela bebiza i-VLDL ngokuthi "i-lipoprotein ecebile nge-triglyceride."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izinto ezimbalwa ku-particle ye-VLDL:

• I-Cholesterol
• Ama-acid anamafutha
• Uhlobo olukhethekile lweprotheyini olubizwa ngokuthi i-apolipoprotein B (i-Apolipoprotein B noma i-apoB).

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi amazinga aphezulu ale `(apoB)` egazini nawo ayimbangela yokwanda kwengozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Ingabe i-VLDL ne-VLDL cholesterol ziyafana?

Nakuba sivame ukusebenzisa la magama amabili ngokushintshana, kunomehluko omncane kodwa obalulekile phakathi kwawo womabili.

Cabanga nje ngale ndlela.

• I-VLDL yibhasi. Yimoto yonke eyenziwe yisibindi futhi ethwala amafutha.
• I-cholesterol ye-VLDL ingenye yabagibeli kulelo bhasi. Okusho ukuthi, inani le-cholesterol elihamba ngaphakathi emotweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-VLDL.

Ngokufanayo, i-LDL ne-HDL ziyizinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zamabhasi. Sibiza i-cholesterol ehamba ebhasini le-LDL ngokuthi i-LDL cholesterol. Sibiza i-cholesterol ehamba ebhasini le-HDL ngokuthi i-HDL cholesterol. Manje sekucacile, akunjalo?

Ngakho-ke ingabe i-VLDL nayo iwuhlobo lwe-cholesterol "embi"?

Yebo, uma izinga le-VLDL egazini likhuphuka kakhulu, liwela esigabeni "esibi". Nakuba imizimba yethu idinga inani elithile le-VLDL ukuze isebenze, lapho izinga layo likhuphuka, livula umnyango wesifo senhliziyo kanye nezinye izinkinga eziningi zempilo.

Inkinga enkulu yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(I-Atherosclerosis).` Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho amafutha, i-cholesterol, nezinye izinto zakheka ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi yethu (imithambo yegazi) bese kwakheka into ebizwa ngokuthi ``i-plaque.`` Lawa ma-plaque anciphisa kancane kancane imithambo yegazi, njengokungcola okwakheka ngaphakathi kwepayipi lamanzi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukuhamba kwegazi.

I-VLDL ihlobene kanjani nalokhu?

Cabanga nje ukuthi isibindi sethu siqala ukukhiqiza i-VLDL eningi kunalokho esikudingayo. Manje sekunabathwali be-VLDL abaningi kakhulu egazini. Umzimba wethu uyawaphula lawa ma-VLDL engeziwe bese uwasebenzisa ukwenza olunye uhlobo lomthwali olubizwa nge-LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein). I-LDL uhlobo oluyinhloko lomthwali esilubiza ngokuthi “i-cholesterol embi.”

Manje igazi ligcwele izinhlayiya ze-LDL. Le LDL eyengeziwe inamathela ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, lapho iqala khona ukwakha ama-plaque okukhulunywe ngawo ekuqaleni.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, lapho i-VLDL iphuka emzimbeni futhi kwakheka i-LDL, kukhona "izingcezu" ezithile ezisele kuleyo nqubo. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi "izingcezu ezisele". Lezi yizingcezu ezincane ezivame ukugcwala i-cholesterol. Ngenxa yokuthi zincane ngobukhulu, zibhajwa kalula ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, okusheshisa ukwakheka kwamahlule.

Ingabe i-LDL iyingozi kakhulu? I-VLDL?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abawubuzayo. Eqinisweni, omunye ngeke kuthiwe "mubi kakhulu" kunomunye. Womabili anegalelo elifanayo ekwakhekeni kwe-plaque emithanjeni yegazi. Ngakho-ke, womabili ayingozi ngokulinganayo. Into ebalulekile ukulawula amazinga awo womabili nokuwagcina esezingeni elinempilo.

Alinganiswa kanjani amazinga e-VLDL? Yiziphi izindinganiso ezijwayelekile?

Izinga lakho le-cholesterol le-VLDL lilinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi i-lipid panel . Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngemva kokuzila ukudla amahora ayi-10-12. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa izinga lakho le-cholesterol eliphelele, i-HDL (enhle) cholesterol, i-LDL (embi) cholesterol, kanye namazinga e-triglyceride.

Kodwa nansi into ekhethekile. Esikhathini esiningi, ama-lab awalinganisi amazinga e-VLDL ngqo. Kunalokho, asebenzisa amazinga akho e-triglyceride ukubala amazinga akho e-VLDL ngefomula yezibalo.

Kodwa-ke, uma amazinga e-triglyceride omuntu ephezulu kakhulu (isb., ngaphezu kuka-400 mg/dL), le ndlela yokubala ingase ingabi nembambo kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho angasebenzisa ezinye izindlela ukukala i-VLDL.

Ngokuvamile, amanani anconyiwe amazinga e-cholesterol ye-VLDL alandelayo:

• Izinga elinempilo: Ngaphansi kuka-30 mg/dL (ama-milligram nge-deciliter ngayinye).
• Izinga eliyingozi/eliphezulu: elilingana noma elikhulu kune- 30 mg/dL.

Yini okufanele siyenze uma amazinga e-VLDL ephakanyisiwe?

Uma izinga lakho le-VLDL liphezulu, kusho ukuthi unengozi enkulu yesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, lesi yisimo esingalawuleka.

Uma udokotela ekwelapha, uzogxila kakhulu ekwehliseni amazinga akho e-cholesterol e-LDL kanye ne-triglyceride kunokuba agxile ngqo emazingeni e-VLDL. Ngoba uma lawo mazinga elawulwa, amazinga e-VLDL azolawulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Abantu abaningi abanamazinga aphezulu e-VLDL bangase babe nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimo:

• Amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride (i-Hypertriglyceridemia)
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol ye-LDL
• Izinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol ephelele (i-Hyperlipidemia)

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze ulawule zonke lezi zinhlobo zamafutha. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala noma yikuphi kwalokhu.

1. Ukulandela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo:

• Nciphisa amafutha, ukudla okuthosiwe, kanye nokudla okuthosiwe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Nciphisa ukudla neziphuzo ezinoshukela omningi (amakhekhe, iziphuzo ezimnandi, i-toffee).
• Engeza imifino emisha, izithelo, amakhambi, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuphelele (i-buckwheat, ibhali, i-oats) ekudleni kwakho.
• Khetha inhlanzi nenkukhu esikhundleni senyama ecutshunguliwe.

2. Ukuzivocavoca njalo:

• Zivocavoce njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugibela ibhayisikili, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 ngesonto.
• Okubalulekile: Uma usanda kuqala ukuzivocavoca, cela iseluleko kudokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi yikuphi ukuzivocavoca okufanele.

3. Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo:

• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngobude bakho. Uma ukhuluphele kakhulu, ukwehlisa isisindo kunganciphisa kakhulu amazinga akho e-cholesterol kanye ne-triglyceride.

4. Ukuthatha imithi ngeseluleko sezokwelapha:

• Kwezinye izimo, izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa zingase zinganeli ukulawula amazinga akho e-cholesterol. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi efana "nama-statins ." Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha imithi enqunywe udokotela wakho ngesilinganiso esifanele nangesikhathi esifanele.

Ngezinye izikhathi, amazinga e-triglyceride kanye ne-VLDL angakhuphuka ngenxa yezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izinkinga ze-thyroid, noma eminye imithi oyithathayo. Ngakho-ke, uma unemibuzo mayelana namanani embikweni wakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungakhathazeki, ngesiqondiso nokwelashwa okufanele, lesi simo singalawulwa kahle.