Ungubani lo dokotela wamathambo? Ake simazi lo chwepheshe.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzwa ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuqina kwasekuseni, noma ubuhlungu obujwayelekile? Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinto zingaphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zinkinga ziqhubeka noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, udinga ukuzihlola. Yilapho-ke sidinga khona usizo lukadokotela wamathambo.

Ngubani i-Rheumatologist?

Kalula nje, udokotela wamathambo ungudokotela ogxile ezifweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zamathambo ethu, amalunga, imisipha, kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Laba dokotela, ngemva kokuphothula ezokwelapha ezijwayelekile, baqeqeshwa iminyaka eminingana kulo mkhakha.

Ngokuvamile lezi zifo ziba ezingapheli noma ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba, okusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba wethu ahlasela amangqamuzana ethu . Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wamathambo usiza ukulawula ubuhlungu obubangelwa yilezi zimo futhi usize ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.

Kuyini i-Rheumatology?

I-Rheumatology iyigatsha lezokwelapha elifunda kakhulu "izifo zamathambo." Lezi yizifo ezingamahlalakhona zokuvuvukala ezivame ukuthinta izicubu zomzimba wethu, okungukuthi, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, amathambo, amalunga, imisipha, imisipha, kanye nemisipha.

Cabanga ngakho, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-arthritis, ezibizwa nangokuthi "i-arthritis yokuvuvukala." Ezifweni ezinjalo, umzimba usabela ngokumelene nezicubu zawo. Kunezinye izifo, ezingakhula zibe izinkinga eziqhubekayo zemisipha noma amathambo, ngezinye izikhathi lapho ukulimala okudala kungaphili kahle. Zonke lezi zingaphansi kwensimu ye-rheumatology.

Yini eyenziwa yi-rheumatologist?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko kadokotela wamathambo ukuxilonga nokwelapha izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithinta amathambo ethu, amalunga, imisipha, kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo. Lezi akuzona izinto ezilula njengokulimala noma ukuklwebheka okulula, kodwa kunezinkinga ezijule kancane kunalokho.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo ze-rheumatic:

• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo: Yilapho amasosha omzimba wethu ehlasela khona ngephutha amangqamuzana nezicubu zethu ezinempilo.
• Izifo zezicubu ezixhumeneyo: Lezi zithinta izakhiwo ezisekelayo kuyo yonke imizimba yethu.
• Izifo noma izifo zokuvuvukala: Lokhu kungathinta imisipha, amalunga, noma amathambo.

Uma bexilonga lezi zifo, odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kanye nokuskena okuhlukahlukene kwe-`(imaging)` (isb. `(X-ray)`, `(Ultrasound)`) . Ukwelashwa akufani.Uhlelo lokwelashwa lwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa izindlela ezahlukene, njengemithi, ngezinye izikhathi imijovo ekhethekile emalungeni, kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba.

Yiziphi izifo ezelashwa yi-rheumatologist?

Kukhona uhlu lwezifo eziphathwa yi-rheumatologist. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngamanye ala magama.

• I-Ankylosing Spondylitis: Lokhu kubangela ukuqina nobuhlungu emalungeni omgogodla.
• I-Bursitis: Ukutheleleka kwezikhwama ezigcwele uketshezi (i-bursa) ezizungeze amalunga.
• I-Gout : Isifo lapho i-uric acid inqwabelana khona emzimbeni, okubangela ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu obukhulu emalungeni.
• I-Osteoarthritis: Isimo esibangelwa ukuguguleka kwamalunga njengoba ekhula.
• I-Rheumatoid Arthritis: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba. Amalunga omzimba ayavuvukala, abe buhlungu futhi aqine ekuseni.
• Umkhuhlane We-Rheumatic: Ngemva kokutheleleka komphimbo, kungathinta izindawo ezifana nenhliziyo, amalunga kanye nobuchopho.
• I-Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE): Lesi futhi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esingathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba.
• I-Scleroderma: Ukuqina kwesikhumba futhi kungathinta nezitho zangaphakathi.
• I-Vasculitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi.

Odokotela bezifo zamalunga baphatha ezinye izifo eziningi ezifana nalezi. Isifo ngasinye sihlukile, ngakho-ke izindlela zokwelapha zihlukile.

Kudingeka ucwaningo olungakanani ukuze ube yi-rheumatologist?

Lolu uhambo alulula. Ukuze ube yi-rheumatologist, kufanele uqale uthole iziqu ze-bachelor, bese uqedela iminyaka emine yesikole sezokwelapha (iziqu ze-MD noma ze-DO). Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele uqedele iminyaka emithathu yokuhlala kwezokwelapha zangaphakathi noma kwezokwelapha izingane.

Ngemva kwalokhu kuhlala, kufanele uphumelele isivivinyo ukuze ube uchwepheshe kulowo mkhakha. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele udlule eminye iminyaka emibili noma emithathu yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (`(ubungane)`) emkhakheni we-rheumatology. Phakathi nalokhu kuqeqeshwa, ufunda ngokujulile ngezifo zamathambo, amalunga, kanye nezifo zokuzivikela komzimba. Ekugcineni, uqashelwa njengodokotela we-rheumatologist kuphela ngemva kokudlula olunye ukuhlolwa okuqinile okuqinisekisa lolo lwazi. Ngemva kwalokho, kufanele uhlale uvuselela ulwazi lwakho ngokufunda izinto ezintsha (`(Imfundo Eqhubekayo Yezokwelapha - CME)`). Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu kudinga ukuzinikela okungakanani.

Kungani sidinga ukubona udokotela wamathambo?

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani kufanele ubonane nodokotela wamathambo.

• Uma othile emndenini wakho enesifo samathambo noma isifo sokuzivikela komzimba: Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye zalezi zifo zingaba yizifo ezidluliselwa ngofuzo, kungcono ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi.
• Uma umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa okuyinhloko (i-PCP) ekuthumelela: Ngemva kokubheka ezinye zezimpawu zakho, uma udokotela esola ukuthi lokhu kungaba yisifo samathambo, uzokudlulisela kudokotela wamathambo.

Kunezinye izimpawu ezivamile zezifo ze-rheumatic:

• Kungavela hhayi endaweni eyodwa emzimbeni kuphela, kodwa ezindaweni eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kungathinta ngisho nomzimba wonke.
• Kungathinta izinhlobo ezahlukene zezicubu, njengemisipha, imizwa, kanye nesikhumba.
• Ungase uzizwe ubuhlungu, ukuqina, kanye nokuvuvukala kulezo zindawo.
• Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izimpawu zomzimba ezifana nomkhuhlane nokukhathala nazo zingase zivele.

Cabanga nje, ekuseni, amalunga eminwe yakho aqinile futhi abuhlungu, awakwazi ukugoba. Ngemva kwesikhashana, azophela kancane. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka nsuku zonke. Noma, ngaphandle kwesizathu, kuvela amabala abomvu esikhumbeni ezindaweni ezahlukene emzimbeni, kanye nobuhlungu bamalunga nokukhathala. Lezi yizinto ezingabonakala ezifweni zamalunga.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela wamathambo?

Uma wena noma udokotela wakho ojwayelekile nisola ukuthi unesifo samathambo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nochwepheshe, udokotela wamathambo, ngokushesha okukhulu. Ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zakho ziqale ngokuzumayo noma ziba zimbi ngokushesha, kufanele nakanjani wenze lokho ngokushesha.

Ngoba, lezi zifo zamathambo zivame ukuqhubeka. Okusho ukuthi, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, izicubu eziningi zingase zithinteke futhi kungase kuvele izimpawu ezintsha. Ezinye izifo zingadala ngisho nomonakalo ohlala njalo ezicutshini zethu. Ngakho-ke, lomonakalo ungancishiswa ngokuxilonga lesi sifo kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa.

Ulungiselela kanjani ukuvakashela udokotela wamathambo?

Uma wenza lezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba uye kudokotela wamathambo, kuzoba lula kudokotela nakuwe.

• Gcina amarekhodi akho ezokwelapha amadala ehlelekile: Lokhu kufaka phakathi amanothi avela kodokotela owake wawabona ngaphambilini, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, njll. Ungase ube nawo kakade lawa, noma kungase kudingeke uwacele emithonjeni efanele.
• Bhala phansi umlando wakho wezokwelapha: Udokotela uzobuza ngemithi, amavithamini, kanye nezithasiselo ozithathayo njengamanje, noma yiziphi izifo zangaphambilini, kanye nanoma yimiphi imithi oke wayisebenzisa.
• Gcina ijenali yezimpawu: Izimpawu ze-rheumatic zingahlukahluka futhi zishintshe ngokushesha. Ukubhala phansi imininingwane efana nokuthi "Kusasa, ntambama, izolo" kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthola isithombe esicacile ngesimo sakho.
• Hlela ukubhala phansi lokho okushiwo udokotela:Uma uya okokuqala, uzofunda ulwazi olusha oluningi. Kungaba nzima ukukhumbula konke ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uma kungenzeka, hamba nomngane noma ilungu lomndeni. Bangakusiza ukuthi ubhale phansi izinto.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa odokotela bamathambo ukuze bathole lesi sifo?

Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela wakho angase acele ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ukusiza ekuxilongeni lesi simo. Isibonelo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungabona izinto eziningi, njengokuthi kukhona yini ukuvuvukala emzimbeni nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ama-antibodies ahlobene nezimo zokuzivikela komzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI kungabheka isimo samalunga, amathambo, kanye nemisipha.
• Ukuhlolwa kobuningi bamathambo (i-DEXA scan): Hlola ukwehla kwamandla amathambo (i-osteoporosis).
• I-biopsy yezicubu: Ngezinye izikhathi, ingxenye encane yezicubu ezithintekile idinga ukuthathwa ukuze ihlolwe.
• I-Electromyogram (EMG): Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola ukusebenza kwemisipha nezinzwa.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezitho zomzimba: Hlola ukuthi izitho ezifana nezinso nesibindi zithintekile yini.

Odokotela bamathambo baziphatha kanjani lezi zifo?

Ukwelapha izifo zamathambo kunzima kancane. Ngoba akuwona wonke umuntu ongelashwa ngendlela efanayo. Udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele wena ngokusekelwe ezintweni eziningi, njengezimpawu zakho, uhlobo lwesifo, kanye nempendulo yakho ekwelashweni.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha:

• Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa asiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala emzimbeni ngokushesha.
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Lawa anikezwa ukulawula ukusebenza kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba.
• Imithi yokwelapha ukuvuvukala kwamalunga (i-DMARD): Le mithi isiza ekunciphiseni umonakalo wamalunga obangelwa yilesi sifo futhi ilawule ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo.
• Imijovo yamalunga: Imithi ingafakwa ngqo emalungeni abuhlungu navuvukele.
• Ama-Orthotics: Ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziselwa ukusekela amalunga nokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Thuthukisa ukusebenza kwamalunga kanye namandla ngokuzivocavoca kanye nezinye izindlela.
• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Ukuqeqeshwa kokuthi ungenza kanjani imisebenzi yansuku zonke kalula.
• Ukudluliselwa kudokotela ohlinzayo wamathambo:Kwezinye izimo, uma amalunga onakele kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uthole lezi zindlela zokwelapha, wenze izivivinyo ezidingekayo, futhi uqaphe isimo sakho. Ngoba lezi zifo zingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kungavela izinkinga ezintsha. Khona-ke udokotela wakho angashintsha uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokufanele. Ngokuhlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho njalo, ungalungisa ukwelashwa kwakho ngaphambi kokuba uzizwe ungakhululekile.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke ngithemba ukuthi usunombono omuhle wokuthi ungubani udokotela wamathambo nokuthi wenzani.

Khumbula, odokotela bamathambo bangochwepheshe abavame ukwelapha izimo ezihlala isikhathi eside neziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilela amalunga, imisipha, kanye nezicubu zomzimba ezixhumeneyo.

• Uma unezinhlungu zamalunga ezingapheli, ukuvuvukala, ukuqina, noma ubuhlungu bomzimba obungachazeki, ungamane nje ungakunaki.
• Okokuqala, bonana nodokotela womndeni wakho (GP). Angahlola isimo sakho futhi akuthumele kudokotela wamathambo uma kudingeka.
• Ezifweni ezinjalo , ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kungavimbela umonakalo omkhulu futhi kukuvumele uphile impilo enhle.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela umzimba wakho. Uma unezinkinga, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Udokotela Wezinhlungu Zamalunga, Udokotela Wezinhlungu Zamalunga, Izifo Zamalunga, Isifo Samalunga, Isifo Samalunga, Izifo Zokuzivikela Ezingamasosha, Isifo Samalunga, Ubuhlungu Bemisipha, I-Rheumatology