Ake sifunde nge-aortic valve enhliziyweni yakho. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kukhona yini izingxenye ezincane, ezifana nesango ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yakho ezivuleka futhi zivaleke ngesikhathi esifanele sokulawula ukugeleza kwegazi? Enye ingxenye ebaluleke kangaka yi -aortic valve . Namuhla sizoxoxa ngale ngxenye encane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu yenhliziyo yethu. Ungakhathazeki, ngizokuchazela ngendlela elula kakhulu ongayiqonda.

Ziyini izivalo ezisezinhliziyweni zethu?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi lawa ma-valve enhliziyo ayini. Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho ifana nendlu enamakamelo amane. Amakamelo amabili phezulu namakamelo amabili phansi.

• Sibiza la makamelo amabili aphezulu ngokuthi ' atria' .
• Sibiza amakamelo amabili angaphansi kwenhliziyo ngokuthi ama-ventricle .

Manje, phakathi kwala makamelo, phakathi kwemithambo yegazi emikhulu ekhipha igazi enhliziyweni, kunezingxenye ezisebenza njengamasango. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-valve enhliziyo . Lawa ma-valve enziwe ngama -flap amancane abizwa ngokuthi 'amapheshana' noma 'ama-cusps'. Njalo lapho inhliziyo ishaya, la ma-flap ayavuleka futhi avalwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina igazi ligeleza ohlangothini olulodwa, njengezimoto emgwaqweni ezihamba ohlangothini olulodwa.

Ngakho-ke, le valve ebizwa ngokuthi i-aortic yenzani?

Kulungile, le valve ye-aorta esikhuluma ngayo manje ingenye yamavalvu amane ayinhloko enhliziyweni yakho. Ikhetheke kakhulu. Uyazi ukuthi iyini? Ukuxhumana phakathi kwegumbi eliyinhloko lokupompa ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo yakho, i-ventricle yesobunxele , kanye nomthambo wegazi omkhulu othwala igazi elihlanzekile liye emzimbeni wakho wonke, i- aorta .

Kalula nje, i-aortic valve ifana nenja ehlakaniphile yokuqapha.

1. Iyavuleka : ivumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo ukuthi lidlule lisuka kwi-ventricle yesobunxele liye kwi-aorta.

2. Iyavala : Ngemva kokuba igazi lingene ku-aorta, livala ngokushesha. Kungani livala? Ukuvimba igazi ukuthi lingavuzi libuyele ohlangothini olungafanele, okungukuthi, lisuka ku-aorta liye ku-ventricle yesobunxele. Kufana nokuvala umpompi wamanzi.

Le valve ye-aorta ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbili zamavalvu abizwa ngokuthi "amavalvu e- semilunar ." Leli gama livela esimweni samapheshana evalvu, afana nenyanga ecwebezelayo. Ayinhle yini?

I-valve ye-aorta isebenza kanjani nezinye izingxenye zenhliziyo?

Cabanga ngalokhu: Ukugeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu kufana nohlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwemigwaqo. I-aortic valve idlala indima enkulu ekugcineni lolu hlelo lusebenza kahle. Nansi indlela olusebenza ngayo, ngendlela ehlelekile kakhulu:

• Isinyathelo sokuqala: Uhlangothi lwesokudla lwenhliziyo yakho luqoqa igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo (elibizwa nangokuthi "igazi elingcolile") elilokhu lijikeleza emzimbeni wakho wonke bese lilipompa liye emaphashini.
• Isinyathelo sesibili: Ngemuva kwalokho, amaphaphu akho afaka umoya-mpilo omusha kulelo gazi, aliguqule libe “igazi elihlanzekile,” bese elibuyisela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo.
• Isinyathelo Sesithathu: Manje kuza umlingiswa wethu oyinhloko, i-aorta valve.Kuqala ukusebenza. Kuvuleka, okuvumela leli gazi elisha, elinomoya-mpilo elivela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo (okungukuthi, i-ventricle yesobunxele) ukuthi lingene ku-aorta.
• Isinyathelo Sesine: Okokugcina, i-aorta yakho ipompa leli gazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke, kusukela ekhanda kuya ozwaneni. Yilapho-ke wonke amaseli emzimbeni wakho ethola umoya-mpilo awudingayo ukuze aphile.

Uyaqonda ukuthi leyo nqubo imangalisa kangakanani?

Iphi ivalvu ye-aorta? Yakheke kuphi?

I-valve yakho ye-aortic itholakala, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, phakathi kwe -ventricle yesobunxele ne -aorta . Uma ubheka inhliziyo yakho ngqo, itholakala phakathi nenhliziyo.

Le valve yakhiwe ngezingxenye ezintathu ezenziwe ngezinto eziqinile kodwa eziguquguqukayo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-collagen . Lezi zibizwa nangokuthi amapheshana noma ama-cusps. Enhliziyweni enempilo, la mapheshana amathathu asebenza ngokubambisana okuphelele:

• Ivula kahle uma kudingeka ukuthi iphume igazi.
• Ivala kahle uma kudingeka ukuze igazi lingaphinde ligeleze.

Iyini i-Bicuspid Aortic Valve?

Ngokuvamile, wonke umuntu unezimbobo ezintathu ku-aortic valve yakhe. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bazalwa benezimbobo ezimbili kuphela esikhundleni sezimbobo ezintathu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-bicuspid aortic valve . Igama elithi 'bi' lisho ezimbili. Ukuba nezimbobo ezimbili kuphela ngezinye izikhathi kungandisa ingozi yezinkinga zokugeleza kwegazi nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo. Kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu onjalo.

Yiziphi izimo ezithinta i-aortic valve?

Ngeshwa, ezinye izimo zenhliziyo zingathinta i-valve yethu ebalulekile ye-aorta. Ezinye zizalwa nazo, okusho ukuthi zikhona lapho zizalwa. Ezinye zingakhula kamuva, kungaba ngenxa yokutheleleka, ukulimala kwenhliziyo, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo , noma izinguquko ezenzeka ngokuguga.

Nazi ezinye zezimo eziyinhloko ezinjalo:

• Ukubuyela kwe-valve ye-aortic : Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-valve ingavali kahle, okwenza ukuthi elinye igazi elimpontshwe ku-aorta livuze libuyele ku-ventricle yangakwesobunxele. Kufana nalapho umnyango ungavali kahle, into ethile ephushwe ngaphandle iyabuya. Lokhu kwenza inhliziyo isebenze kanzima.
• I-Aortic valve stenosis : Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-aortic valve incipha noma iqina. I-valve ayivuli kahle, okunciphisa inani legazi elingageleza kuyo. Cabanga ngayo njengepayipi lamanzi elivalekile phakathi, kunciphisa inani lamanzi angageleza. Lokhu futhi kubeka ingcindezi enkulu enhliziyweni.
• I-valve ye-aorta ye-bicuspid(`I-valve ye-aortic ye-Bicuspid`): Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunezivimbelo ezimbili kuphela. Lesi simo cishe singabangela 'i-stenosis' noma 'ukubuyela emuva' ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• I-Endocarditis : Lokhu kuyisifo esibi kakhulu. Kulokhu, ulwelwesi lwama-valve enhliziyo namakamelo (olubizwa ngokuthi i-endocardium ) luyavuvukala, okusho ukuthi luyavuvukala bese lutheleleka. Uma lokhu kungelashwa ngokushesha, ama-valve angonakala.

Iyini le Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)?

Manje, bheka, ngezinye izikhathi uma ivalvu ye-aorta yonakele kakhulu, noma uma iba nzima njenge-stenosis, ivalvu kufanele ishintshwe. Esikhathini esidlule, lokhu bekuyoba ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile. Yindaba enkulu leyo.

Kodwa manje, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, kukhona inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi i-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Lokhu kuyintuthuko emangalisayo ngempela.

Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ivalvu esikhundleni sayo ngembobo encane, ngaphandle kokwenza imbobo enkulu. Lokhu kungaba yindlela enhle yokwelapha uma une -aortic valve stenosis , ikakhulukazi uma usukhulile noma ungakwazi ukubekezelela ukuhlinzwa okukhulu.

Nansi indlela yokwenza lokhu, ngokumane nje:

• Udokotela ufaka i-catheter (ipayipi elincane, eliguquguqukayo, elingenalutho) emthanjeni wegazi (umthambo noma umthambo) emlenzeni wakho (ngokuvamile esinqeni sakho) noma esifubeni.
• Ngesikhathi ubheka imishini ekhethekile ye-X-ray, i-catheter iqondiswa ngokucophelela ku-aortic valve yenhliziyo.
• I-valve entsha yokwenziwa (lena i-valve yezicubu efakwe kuhlaka lwensimbi olukhethekile) ifakwa enhliziyweni ngaleyo catheter bese ifakwa endaweni yayo ngaphakathi kwe-valve endala, enesifo.
• Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ibhaluni elincane ukufutha leli valuva elisha, noma amanye amavaluva aklanyelwe ukuzifutha wona.
• Uma ivalvu entsha isikhona, i-catheter iyasuswa.

Le ndlela isho ukuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi esincane, isikhathi esincane sokululama, futhi kungabi namanxeba amakhulu. Lokhu kuyinto enhle kakhulu, akunjalo?

Siyigcina kanjani ivalvu yethu ye-aortic iphilile?

Nokho, kunezinto eziningi esingazenza ukuze sigcine inhliziyo yethu yonke iphilile, hhayi nje ama-valve enhliziyo yethu. Lezi izinto ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu esingazifaka ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngokohlobo lomzimba wakho, ubulili, kanye nobudala. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kuwumthwalo enhliziyweni.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Lokho kusho ukuthi:
• Nciphisa usawoti (i-sodium).
• Nciphisa ukudla okunoshukela omningi namafutha amaningi.
• Engeza izithelo ezintsha, imifino, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele (njengelayisi elinsundu, i-buckwheat, kanye ne-oats) ekudleni kwakho.
• Yidla izinhlanzi (ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinamafutha njenge-salmon ne-mackerel) kabili kuya kathathu ngesonto.
• Ukuzivocavoca. Vivinya okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa ngesonto. Ungenza izinto ezifana nokuhamba ngokushesha, ukugijima, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili. Khetha into oyithandayo.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka. Ukucindezeleka kakhulu akukuhle enhliziyweni. Nciphisa ukucindezeleka ngezindlela ezinempilo, njengokuzindla, ukwenza i-yoga, ukuzibandakanya nomsebenzi wokuzilibazisa owuthandayo, kanye nokuchitha isikhathi nabangani nomndeni.
• Uma ubhema, yeka namuhla. Ukubhema kungenye yezitha ezinkulu zenhliziyo.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.
• Uma unezinkinga zempilo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma i-cholesterol, zilawule kahle. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami nge-valve yami ye-aortic?

Uma unezinkinga noma ukukhathazeka ngenhliziyo yakho, ikakhulukazi i-aortic valve yakho, noma uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukukhathala okuvamile, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela wakho futhi uxoxe ngakho. Nansi eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi ama-valve enhliziyo yami asebenza kahle? Yiziphi izivivinyo ezingenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe?
• Uma ngicabanga ukuthi nginenkinga nge-aortic valve yami, iyiphi imbangela engaba khona?
• Ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zami, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ingabe kuzodingeka ngihlinzwe i-aortic valve noma into efana ne-TAVR?
• Yiziphi izinguquko okufanele ngizenze endleleni yami yokuphila ukuze ngithuthukise impilo yenhliziyo yami?
• Uma othile emndenini wami eke waba nesifo senhliziyo, ingabe nami ngisengozini?

Ungesabi, buza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo. Udokotela ulapha ukuzokusiza.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kulokho esikuxoxile namuhla, ngithemba ukuthi usuyitholile ukuqonda okungcono i-aortic valve.

Khumbula, i-aortic valve iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, ebalulekile yenhliziyo yakho. Uma nje isebenza kahle, ukugeleza kwegazi okunikeza ukuphila kuwo wonke umzimba wakho kuhle.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ezinye izimo zenhliziyo zingathinta i-aortic valve. Kodwa-ke, ngezokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zanamuhla, eziningi zalezi zimo zingelashwa ngempumelelo. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe noma kushintshwe i-aortic valve, noma inqubo efana ne-TAVR.

Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo ukuze uthuthukise impilo yenhliziyo yakho. Uma unemibuzo mayelana nempilo yenhliziyo yakho, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho, kulungile? Ukunakekela inhliziyo yakho kungenye yezipho ezinhle kakhulu ongazinika zona!

I - valve ye-aorta, i-valve yenhliziyo, inhliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, isifo senhliziyo, i-TAVR, impilo yenhliziyo