Umphathi omncane wobuchopho bakho: Ake sifunde nge-hypothalamus.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye yomzimba wethu ebaluleke kakhulu, kodwa engaziwa kangako. Lesi yisitho esimangalisayo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Hypothalamus, esitholakala ekujuleni kobuchopho bethu, esisebenza 'njengohlelo lokulawula oluhlakaniphile' lomzimba wethu. Cabanga ukuthi umzimba wethu ubungaba nenkinga engakanani ngaphandle kwalesi siqeshana esincane!

Iyini i-hypothalamus? Yenzani?

Kalula nje, i-hypothalamus iyingxenye encane, kodwa enamandla kakhulu, yobuchopho bakho ephephile kakhulu. Ingangobukhulu be-cashew nut. Ibhuloho eliyinhloko phakathi kohlelo lwakho lwe-endocrine , oluyisistimu ekhiqiza ama-hormone, kanye nohlelo lwakho lwezinzwa .

Cabanga ukuthi 'unesistimu yekhaya ehlakaniphile' ekhaya lakho. Ilawula ngokuzenzakalelayo yonke into endlini, okuhlanganisa izibani, amafeni, i-AC, kanye nokuphepha, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, i-hypothalamus ifana nesikhungo 'sokulawula okuhlakaniphile' somzimba wethu. Yilokho okusiza ukugcina konke emzimbeni kulinganisela futhi ngendlela efanele. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ibhalansi (i-Homeostasis) .

Manje bheka izinto azilawulayo:

• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho
• Ukushaya kwegazi
• Indlala nokoma
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngemva kokudla
• Isimo sakho sengqondo
• Isifiso socansi
• Ukulala

I-hypothalamus isebenza ngezindlela ezimbili ukugcina konke lokhu kusebenza kahle. Enye iwukuthonya ngqo uhlelo lwezinzwa oluzimele . Yilokhu okulawula izinto esingazilawuli ngamabomu, njengokushaya kwenhliziyo yethu nokuphefumula. Enye iwukulawula ama-hormone . Ama-hormone afana nezithunywa zomzimba wethu. Ahamba ngegazi futhi athwale imiyalezo ezithweni ezahlukahlukene. I-hypothalamus yenza ama-hormone athile futhi awagcine ku-pituitary engemuva . Iphinde ithumele izimpawu (ama-hormone) ku-pituitary gland . Lezi zimpawu zingabangela ukuthi i-pituitary gland ikhiphe ama-hormone athinta ingxenye yomzimba ngqo, noma ithumele izimpawu kwenye i-gland, ebese ikhipha ama-hormone.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-hypothalamus ne-pituitary gland?

I-pituitary gland itholakala ngaphansi kwe-hypothalamus. Lezi zibili zisebenza eduze kakhulu. I-pituitary gland inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-anterior pituitary kanye ne-posterior pituitary . I-hypothalamus ixhumana nalezi zingxenye ezimbili ngendlela ekhethekile.

Ixhunywe ku-pituitary yangaphambili ngenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi. Ixhunywe ku-pituitary engemuva ngezicubu ezibizwa ngokuthi isiqu se-pituitary. I-hypothalamus ithumela izimpawu ku-pituitary gland ngesimo sokukhulula ama-hormone, iyitshela ukuthi ikhulule le hormone.

Indlela yokusebenza ne-Anterior Pituitary

I-anterior pituitary gland ikhipha ama-hormone ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ezimpawini ezivela ku-hypothalamus. Amanye ala ma-hormone athinta ngqo izingxenye zomzimba, kanti amanye avuselela amanye ama-gland ukuthi akhiphe ama-hormone amaningi. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni kuyindlela yokusabela kwe-chain. Isibonelo, i-growth hormone kanye ne-thyroid-stimulating hormone kulawulwa ngale ndlela.

Indlela yokusebenza ne-Posterior Pituitary

Lapha, kwenzeka into ehlukile kancane. I-hypothalamus ngokwayo yenza ama-hormone amabili, kodwa agcinwa ku-posterior pituitary. Uma kudingeka, i-hypothalamus ithumela isignali yokukhulula la ma-hormone egazini. Lawa ma-hormone amabili yilawa:

• I-Oxytocin: Lena yi-hormone ekhethekile kakhulu. Isiza ekufinyezeni imisipha yesibeletho ngesikhathi sokubeletha futhi ivuselela ukwehla kobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ihilelekile ekubopheni, ekuvukeleni ngokocansi, ekwethembeni, ekuqapheliseni, emijikelezweni yokulala, kanye nemizwa yenjabulo.
• I-Vasopressin: Ebizwa nangokuthi i-antidiuretic hormone (ADH) , le hormone ilawula inani lamanzi emzimbeni, okusho ukuthi umchamo ukhishwa kangakanani, kanye nomfutho wegazi.

Yimiphi eminye imisebenzi ye-hypothalamus?

Ngaphezu kwama-hormone okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili, i-hypothalamus ikhiqiza amanye ama-hormone amaningana abalulekile.

• I-Dopamine: Lena 'i-hormone yokuzizwa kahle'. Yiyona esinika ugqozi lokwenza okuthile. I-Dopamine nayo yenza okunye, okungukutshela i-pituitary gland ukuthi iyeke ukukhipha i-hormone ebizwa ngokuthi i-prolactin .
• I-Somatostatin: Le hormone ivimbela ukukhishwa kwamanye ama-hormone amaningana. Isibonelo, ivimbela ukukhishwa kwama-hormone afana ne -growth hormone , i-thyroid-stimulating hormone , i-cholecystokinin, kanye ne-insulin . Ngokumangazayo, la ma-hormone alawula nokukhiqizwa kwe-somatostatin.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hypothalamus ngokwayo ilungisa noma yikuphi ukungalingani ezintweni ezifana nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba, ukucindezeleka, kanye nemizila yethu yansuku zonke yomzimba.

Ikuphi i-hypothalamus?

Ngishilo ngaphambili, icishe ibe usayizi we-cashew nut. I-hypothalamus itholakala phansi kobuchopho bakho, ngaphansi kwe-thalamus nangaphezu kwe-pituitary gland. Ukuze kube sobala, itholakala ngqo ngaphezu kwe-brainstem.

Kwenzekani uma i-hypothalamus yonakele?

Uma i-hypothalamus yonakele ngandlela thile, ayikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo kahle. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamic . Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zalokhu.

Izinto ezingabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamic:

• Ukulimala ekhanda, isibonelo , ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu .
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho.
• Izimila zobuchopho noma ama-aneurysm obuchopho avela ngaphakathi noma eduze kwe-hypothalamus.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokweqile ngenxa yezinkinga zokudla, njenge -bulimia noma i-anorexia .
• Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kanye ne -chemotherapy .
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa / Izimo zokuzalwa ezihilela ubuchopho noma i-hypothalamus.
• Izifo zokuvuvukala, isibonelo , i-multiple sclerosis kanye ne -neurosarcoidosis .
• Ezinye izifo zofuzo, isibonelo , ukuntuleka kwama-hormone okukhula .

Izimo ezingabangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamic:

Izifo ezahlukahlukene zingavela ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamus. Ngenxa yokuthi i-hypothalamus kanye ne-pituitary gland zisebenza eduze kakhulu, izimo ezithinta noma yikuphi kwalokhu okubili zibizwa nangokuthi izifo ze-hypothalamic-pituitary .

• I-Hypopituitarism: Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulimala kwe-pituitary gland noma i-hypothalamus.
• Isifo sikashukela i-insipidus: Lesi simo senzeka lapho i-hypothalamus ingakhiqizi i-hormone i-vasopressin (ADH) ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izinso zikhiphe amanzi amaningi kakhulu, okubangela ukuchama ngokweqile kanye nokoma ngokweqile.
• I-Prader-Willi syndrome: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa ufuzo. Kulesi simo, i-hypothalamus ayizwa kahle ukuthi isisu sigcwele ngemva kokudla. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba nesifiso sokudla njalo futhi kukhona ingozi yokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
• I-Kallmann syndrome: Lesi futhi yisimo esihlotshaniswa ngofuzo nezifo ze-hypothalamus. Lokhu kungabangela ukubambezeleka noma ukungabikho kokuthomba ezinganeni.
• I-Acromegaly kanye ne -pituitary gigantism: Lezi yizinkinga zokukhula ezingavamile ezibangelwa ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone yokukhula kusuka endlaleni ye-pituitary.
• Isifo se-hormone ye-antidiuretic engafanele (i-SIADH): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinga le-hormone ye-antidiuretic (i-ADH) liphezulu kakhulu. Lingabangelwa isifo sohlangothi, ukopha, izifo, izingozi, umdlavuza, kanye neminye imithi.
• I-Central hypothyroidism: Lesi yisimo esingavamile esibangelwa yizinkinga ze-hypothalamic kanye ne-pituitary. Imbangela eyinhloko isimila se-pituitary, isibonelo i-pituitary adenoma .
• I-functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Lesi simo sibonakala ngokuyeka ukuya esikhathini isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu kowesifazane owayeke waya esikhathini njalo, noma isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kowesifazane owayeke waya esikhathini ngendlela engajwayelekile. Imbangela enkulu yalokhu ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamic.
• I-Hyperprolactinemia: Lokhu kubangelwa ukwehla kwamazinga e-dopamine, okuholela ekwandeni kwamazinga e-prolactin. Lokhu kungabangelwa yizimila noma ukulimala kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ku-hypothalamus.

Ziyini izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamic?

Izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-hypothalamic zincike ohlotsheni lwe-hormone ethintekile nokuthi amazinga aleyo hormone aphansi noma aphezulu. Uma kunenkinga nge-hypothalamus, ungase ubone ezinye zalezi zimpawu:

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu noma umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukugcinwa kwamanzi noma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Ukwehla noma ukuzuza isisindo, ngokushintsha noma ngaphandle kokushintsha kwesifiso sokudla
• Ukungazali
• Impilo engeyinhle yamathambo
• Ukuthomba okulibazisekile
• Ukuncipha kwemisipha nobuthakathaka
• Izinguquko ezivamile ekushiseni komzimba
• Ukungalali
• Isidingo sokuphuza njalo

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-hypothalamus ebuchosheni bakho ifana nesikhungo somzimba 'sokulawula okuhlakaniphile'. Njengesistimu yokulawula ezenzakalelayo ekhaya lakho, i-hypothalamus ilawula imisebenzi yomzimba.

Kuthinta ngqo uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluzimele, kulawula izinto ezinjengokushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, kanye nokushisa komzimba. Kuphinde kukhiphe ama-hormone futhi kuyale amanye ama-hormone noma izindlala ukuthi ziphathe ukulala, isimo sengqondo, ukukhula kwemisipha namathambo, kanye nesifiso sobulili, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

Izimo ezahlukahlukene ezithinta i-hypothalamus zingabangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo. Ngakho-ke uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Khumbula, ukwaziswa ngalolu lwazi kungaba usizo olukhulu ekunakekeleni impilo yakho!

I- Hypothalamus, ubuchopho, ama-hormone, i-pituitary gland, uhlelo lwe-endocrine, uhlelo lwezinzwa, izimpawu